LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Electric Vehicles are in an innovators state ................................................................ 1

Figure 2: Different types of battery density used in electric vehicles. ...................................... 4
Figure 3: Conductive feeding ..................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4: Inductive charging of an Electric Vehicle .................................................................... 9
Figure 5: DC Charging session .................................................................................................. 18
Figure 6: Pilot Signal States ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 7: ISO/IEC 15118 actors................................................................................................ 21
Figure 8: PLC communication on Control Pilot Line (CPLT) ..................................................... 24
Figure 9: The INSYS Power line GP as a commercial solution ................................................. 24
Figure 10: Smart gird communication infrastructure .............................................................. 26
Figure 11: Block Diagram of a Battery System......................................................................... 28
Figure 12: General layout of an OCV- curve ............................................................................ 29
Figure 13: Block diagram representing the two way communication between the EV and the
smart grid server ...................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 14: XCTU console screen illustrating the Xbee communication ................................... 37
Figure 15: EV program flowchart ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 16: Control station program (Flowchart) ...................................................................... 40
Figure 17: EV model developed in lab ..................................................................................... 42
Figure 18: Control station model developed in lab ................................................................. 42
Figure 19: EV serial monitor..................................................................................................... 43
Figure 20: Control Station serial monitor ................................................................................ 43
Figure 21: Gobetwino working explanation ............................................................................ 44
Figure 22: Communication between multiple EVs and control station .................................. 45

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: List of vehicle states ................................................................................................... 20

Table 2: List of charging scenario............................................................................................. 23
Table 3: Typical Data Exchanged over the Vehicle-to-Grid Interface ...................................... 23
Table 4: Smart gird communications Technologies ................................................................. 27
Table 5: SOC estimating mathematical methods. ................................................................... 31