SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion)

𝜋𝜋
Radian to Degrees 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � �
180

Hooke’s Law 𝐹𝐹 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Newton’s 2nd Law 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Equating 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑑𝑑2 𝑥𝑥 𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘
+ 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝜔𝜔2 =
𝑑𝑑2 𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑑2 𝑥𝑥
+ 𝜔𝜔2 𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑑2 𝑡𝑡
𝑥𝑥 = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)

General Equation 𝒙𝒙 = 𝑨𝑨 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜(𝝎𝝎𝝎𝝎 + 𝝓𝝓)

𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (𝑚𝑚)
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝜔𝜔 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 � �
𝑠𝑠
𝜙𝜙 = 𝑃𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) [𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑡𝑡]
𝜙𝜙 > 0 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝜙𝜙 < 0 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑡𝑡

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Velocity 𝑣𝑣 = = −𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 sin(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑2 𝑥𝑥
Acceleration 𝑎𝑎 = = −𝜔𝜔2 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)
𝑑𝑑2 𝑡𝑡

𝑣𝑣 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 sin(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔+𝜙𝜙)
Velocity/Position =−
𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔+𝜙𝜙)
𝑣𝑣 sin(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔+𝜙𝜙) sin 𝜙𝜙
= −𝜔𝜔 , tan 𝜙𝜙 =
𝑥𝑥 cos(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔+𝜙𝜙) cos 𝜙𝜙
𝑣𝑣
− = tan(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑣𝑣
tan−1 (− ) = (𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥

Velocity Max 𝑣𝑣𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔

Acceleration Max 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝐴𝐴𝜔𝜔2

Conservation of energy 𝑈𝑈𝑖𝑖 + 𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 = 𝑈𝑈𝑓𝑓 + 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓

1
KE 𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
PE Gravitational 𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ
1
PE Spring 𝑈𝑈 = 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2
2