Excel Course Part 3 - Formula

Copyright Commerce Curve www.commercecurve.
com
COMMERCE CURVE
PROFESSIONAL EXCEL TRAINING COURSE T
# TOPICS
1 NAVIGATION SHORTCUTS
2 FORMATTING TIPS
3 DATES
4 WORKDAY
5 COMMON ERRORS
6 COPY VS. CUT
7 PRECEDENTS AND DEPENDENTS
8 GROUP/UNGROUP
9 PROTECT RANGES
10 SCREENSHOT
11 SORTING
12 REMOVE DUPLICATE VALUES
13 TEXT TO COLUMNS
14 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
15 GOAL SEEK
16 DATA VALIDATION
17 SCENARIO MANAGER
18 NAME MANAGER
19 ADVANCED FILTER
20 DEPENDENDABLE DROP DOWN LISTS
21 INDIRECT
22 UPPER, LOWER, PROPER
23 TRANSPOSE
24 SUMIF
25 COUNTIF
26 AVERAGEIF
27 SUMIFS
28 COUNTIFS
29 AVERAGEIFS
30 SUMPRODUCT
31 INDEX
32 MATCH
33 SUMIF WITH INDEX(MATCH)
34 INDEX(MATCH) and DGET
35 TEXTJOIN
36 MIN, MAX, MEDIAN
37 MINIFS, MAXIFS
38 IF
39 IF(AND)
40 IF(OR)
41 ABS
42 ROUND
43 NPV
44 IRR
45 NPV VS. IRR
46 PMT
47 PPMT
48 APPLICATION OF PMT, IPMT & PPMT
49 IPMT
50 EFFECT
51 DB
52 RATE
53 PV
54 FV
55 SLOPE
56 VLOOKUP
57 HLOOKUP
58 OFFSET
59 LEFT, RIGHT
60 COLUMN
61 ROW
62 COLUMNS
63 ROWS
64 FORMULA TEXT
65 COUNTBLANK
66 DMIN
67 DMAX
68 FIXED
69 FIND
70 RAND
71 RANDBETWEEN
72 TRIM
73 RANK
74 CHOOSE
75 CORREL
76 FORECAST
77 FREQUENCY
78 ISNUMBER
79 CONVERT COLUMN TO NUMBER
80 STRIP NON-NUMERIC CHARACTERS
81 SUM OF BOTTON N VALUES
82 LINE CHART
83 COLUMN CHART
84 BAR CHART
85 TIMELINE CHART
86 TIMELINE GANTT CHART
87 WIN/LOSS SPARKLINES CHART
88 SALES FUNNEL CHART
89 GEO HEAT MAP
90 DASHBOARDS
91 PIVOT TABLES
92 SLICERS
93 PIVOT TABLES - COMBINING DATA FROM MULTIPLE SHEETS
94 PIVOT TABLES - CREATE REPORT FILTER PAGES
95 TABLE OF CONTENTS WITH MACRO
Disclaimer: Please note this workbook may not be distributed without the express written consent of Commerce Curv
COMMERCE CURVE
OFESSIONAL EXCEL TRAINING COURSE TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORKBOOK CATEGORY
PART 1 NAVIGATION, FORMATTING
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 2 FUNCTIONS
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 3 FORMULA
PART 4 CHARTS & GRAPHS
PART 4.1 CHARTS & GRAPHS
PART 5 PIVOT TABLES
PART 5 PIVOT TABLES
PART 5 PIVOT TABLES
PART 5 PIVOT TABLES
PART 6 MACROS
thout the express written consent of Commerce Curve.

Copyright Commerce Curve www.commercecurve.com
UPPER, LOWER, PROPER FOR
Typical use cases:

Upper: Change the text to become capitalized.
Lower: Change the text to become lowercase.
Proper: Change the text to capitalize only the first letter and lowercase the rest of the word.
Formula Explanation
TEXT
Example:
The Financial Analyst exported data from the company's ERP database containing product description an
capital letters and the car dealer branch location was in lowercase format.
The Financial Analayst wants to cleanse the data for presentation purposes before meeting with managem
first letter and the product descriptions are supposed to be lowercase.
Solution:
Use the lowercase formula for the product descriptions and use the proper formula for the car dealer bra
extracted from the ERP system and drag down the formula.
Raw Data:
Product Description (From System)

SEDAN
CONVERTIBLES
SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV)
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
MULTI PURPOSE UTILITY VEHICLE (MPV)
CONVERTIBLES
SEDAN
CONVERTIBLES
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
CONVERTIBLES
HATCHBACK
CONVERTIBLES
CONVERTIBLES
CONVERTIBLES
HATCHBACK
HATCHBACK
HATCHBACK
CONVERTIBLES
CONVERTIBLES
HATCHBACK
CONVERTIBLES
HATCHBACK
CONVERTIBLES
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
HATCHBACK
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
HATCHBACK
HATCHBACK
SEDAN
UPPER, LOWER, PROPER FORMULA
e capitalized.
e lowercase.
ize only the first letter and lowercase the rest of the word.
This formula only has one syntax: text. The process is to use either the Upper, Lower, or Proper formula and click on the cell
containing the text which you would like to modify.
a from the company's ERP database containing product description and cr dealer branch location. The product description raw data export
ranch location was in lowercase format.
anse the data for presentation purposes before meeting with management. The car dealer branch locations should have a capital
tions are supposed to be lowercase.
product descriptions and use the proper formula for the car dealer branch location. Setup these formulas to the right side fo the data
d drag down the formula.
Car Dealer Branch Location (From System) Product Description (Lower)

alabama =LOWER(C34)
california convertibles
california sports utility vehicle (suv)
alabama sedan
california hatchback
florida sports utility vehicle (suv)
alabama multi purpose utility vehicle (mpv)
alabama convertibles
alabama sedan
washington sports utility vehicle (suv)
washington sedan
washington hatchback
florida convertibles
alabama hatchback
california sports utility vehicle (suv)
alabama sports utility vehicle (suv)
california multi purpose utility vehicle (mpv)
florida hatchback
florida multi purpose utility vehicle (mpv)
florida hatchback
washington convertibles
washington sedan
florida hatchback
california sedan
alabama hatchback
washington sports utility vehicle (suv)
florida hatchback
alabama sedan
florida sedan
california sedan
florida hatchback
florida sedan
florida hatchback
florida sedan
wer, or Proper formula and click on the cell
ation. The product description raw data exported in
anch locations should have a capital
se formulas to the right side fo the data
Car Dealer Branch Location (Proper)

=PROPER(D34)
California
California
Alabama
California
Florida
Alabama
Alabama
Florida
Alabama
Alabama
Washington
Washington
Washington
Florida
Alabama
California
Alabama
Florida
Alabama
California
Alabama
Florida
California
California
California
Florida
Florida
California
Florida
Alabama
Florida
Florida
Washington
California
California
Alabama
California
Florida
Washington
Florida
California
California
California
Alabama
Washington
California
Florida
Alabama
California
Florida
Alabama
California
Florida
Florida
California
Florida
California
Florida
Alabama
TRANSP
Typical use case:

This formula is useful if you are working with data that is in a vertical or horizontal view and you need it in
Formula Explanation
ARRAY This syntax is used to reference the data to be transposed.
Example:
The Financial Analyst received data exported from the company's Salesforce database containing sales da
Sales Date
100 January 1, 2020
200 February 1, 2020
300 March 1, 2020
400 April 1, 2020
550 May 1, 2020
350 June 1, 2020
Solution - Method With Formula

Setup the transpose formula. Select the array table. Use control + shift+ enter.
Sales 100
Date 2020-01-01
Month January
Solution - Method Without Formula:
As an alternative, you can copy the data from the original table, and paste special values while clicking
are made to the original table.
TRANSPOSE FORMULA
zontal view and you need it in the opposite direction.
ce the data to be transposed.
database containing sales data by month. The data is in columnar format vertically but it is needed horizontally.
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
200 300 400 550

2020-02-01 2020-03-01 2020-04-01 2020-05-01
February March April May
special values while clicking the transpose checkbox. This works but will not automatically update the table if changes
350
2020-06-01
June
SUMIF FORMULA
Typical use cases:

A function to sum the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify.
Formula Explanation
Range (required) The range of cells that you want evaluated by your criteria. The cells in each ra
contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored. The selected range may c
Criteria (required) The criteria is the item you would like to look up in the range. It can be a numb
defines which cells will be added together in your SUMIF formula.
Sum_Range (optional) The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in th
Excel adds the cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know how much is its sales revenue is wi
The Financial Analyst is asked to find out. The Financial Analyst generates a report form the Sales Journal
The Financial Analyst uses the sumif formula to determine the sales figure.
Formula:
Branch Sales Revenue

California $ 250,750
Here,
i. Range formula was used for referencing the branch location.
ii. Criteria formula was used for qualifying a certain branch location (e.g. California).
iii. Sum_range formula was used for calculating the sum of the Company's sales revenue.
Raw Data:
Date Product Code

1/4/2019 01-SE
1/9/2019 05-CON
1/16/2019 03-SUV
1/24/2019 01-SE
1/29/2019 02-HA
2/1/2019 03-SUV
2/7/2019 04-MPV
2/16/2019 05-CON
2/22/2019 03-SUV
2/28/2019 01-SE
3/3/2019 05-CON
3/6/2019 03-SUV
3/8/2019 01-SE
3/9/2019 02-HA
3/12/2019 05-CON
3/16/2019 02-HA
3/23/2019 03-SUV
3/28/2019 05-CON
3/31/2019 03-SUV
4/5/2019 03-SUV
4/11/2019 05-CON
4/14/2019 04-MPV
4/21/2019 05-CON
4/29/2019 04-MPV
5/10/2019 02-HA
5/11/2019 02-HA
5/14/2019 02-HA
5/19/2019 04-MPV
5/27/2019 05-CON
6/16/2019 05-CON
6/22/2019 04-MPV
6/25/2019 04-MPV
7/10/2019 02-HA
7/21/2019 05-CON
7/31/2019 02-HA
8/15/2019 05-CON
8/20/2019 04-MPV
8/28/2019 02-HA
8/31/2019 04-MPV
10/1/2019 01-SE
10/4/2019 02-HA
10/7/2019 04-MPV
10/12/2019 01-SE
10/18/2019 02-HA
10/21/2019 02-HA
10/24/2019 03-SUV
10/30/2019 04-MPV
11/7/2019 02-HA
11/11/2019 01-SE
11/14/2019 02-HA
11/19/2019 01-SE
11/22/2019 03-SUV
11/25/2019 01-SE
12/1/2019 02-HA
12/8/2019 01-SE
12/10/2019 04-MPV
12/11/2019 02-HA
12/14/2019 02-HA
12/19/2019 01-SE
12/23/2019 03-SUV
SUMIF FORMULA
that meet criteria that you specify.
cells that you want evaluated by your criteria. The cells in each range must be numbers or names, arrays, or references that
bers. Blank and text values are ignored. The selected range may contain dates in standard Excel format.
the item you would like to look up in the range. It can be a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function that
h cells will be added together in your SUMIF formula.
lls to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the range argument. If the sum_range argument is omitted,
e cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to which the criteria is applied).
car dealership wants to know how much is its sales revenue is within California for the current year to date.
t. The Financial Analyst generates a report form the Sales Journal (below) which contains raw sales data by date of sale and location.
mula to determine the sales figure.
ng the branch location.

ng a certain branch location (e.g. California).
culating the sum of the Company's sales revenue.
Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Sedan Alabama 12,000
Convertibles California 14,000
Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) California 12,500
Hatchback California 5,500
Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) Florida 15,000
Multi Purpose Utility Vehicle (MPV) Alabama 9,900
Convertibles Alabama 10,200
Sedan Alabama 4,000
Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) Washington 3,000
Sedan Washington 4,500
Hatchback Washington 7,580
Convertibles Florida 8,750
Hatchback Alabama 9,890
Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) Alabama 14,110
Multi Purpose Utility Vehicle (MPV) California 7,000
Hatchback Florida 7,780
Multi Purpose Utility Vehicle (MPV) Florida 13,502
Convertibles Washington 5,500
Sedan California 12,900
Sedan Florida 2,000
Sedan Florida 11,230
Sedan Florida 5,000
ale and location.
COUNTIF FORMULA
Typical use cases:

To count the number of cells that meet a criterion.
Formula Explanation
Range (required) The range of cells that you want evaluated by the criterion to perform the count
Criteria (required) This is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a
cells will be counted.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know how many cars were sold in Califor
The Finance Analyst generates from its Sales Journal (below) the raw data of its sales from the current yea
to calculate the car sales in California year-to-date.
Formula:
Branch Count
California 20
Here,
i. Range formula was used for referencing the branch location.
ii. Criteria formula was used for qualifying a certain branch location (e.g. California).
Raw Data:
Date Product Code Product Description

1/4/2019 01-SE Sedan
1/9/2019 05-CON Convertibles
1/16/2019 03-SUV Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
1/24/2019 01-SE Sedan
1/29/2019 02-HA Hatchback
2/7/2019 04-MPV Multi Purpose Utility Vehicle (MPV)
2/28/2019 01-SE Sedan
3/8/2019 01-SE Sedan
10/1/2019 01-SE Sedan
10/12/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/11/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/19/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/25/2019 01-SE Sedan
12/8/2019 01-SE Sedan
12/19/2019 01-SE Sedan
RMULA
he criterion to perform the count.

ession, a cell reference, text, or a function that defines which
ow many cars were sold in California for the current year.

a of its sales from the current year and uses the countif formula
California).
Branch Location Sales Revenue

Alabama 12,000
California 14,000
California 12,500
Alabama 11,540
California 5,500
Florida 15,000
Alabama 9,900
Alabama 10,200
Florida 13,130
Alabama 4,000
Alabama 6,500
Washington 3,000
Washington 4,500
Washington 7,580
Florida 8,750
Alabama 9,890
California 8,000
Alabama 9,990
Florida 11,000
Alabama 14,110
California 11,200
Alabama 13,090
Florida 8,990
California 7,000
California 11,100
California 12,450
Florida 7,780
Florida 13,502
California 10,200
Florida 11,032
Alabama 11,405
Florida 13,045
Florida 12,450
Washington 5,500
California 8,800
California 11,410
Alabama 19,000
California 18,500
Florida 17,410
Washington 15,000
Florida 16,400
California 15,800
California 12,900
California 13,700
Alabama 9,000
Washington 9,500
California 16,000
Florida 10,000
Alabama 14,111
California 14,500
Florida 2,000
Alabama 1,250
California 13,690
Florida 12,456
Florida 11,230
California 14,500
Florida 1,500
California 19,000
Florida 5,000
Alabama 11,020
AVERAGEIF FORMULA
Typical use cases:

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria.
Formula Explanation
The range of cells which contain the criteria which you want to analyze. This rang
Range (required) contain numbers.
The criteria is used to lookup in the range and determine what is to be averaged
Criteria (required) reference, or text.
Average_range The actual set of cells to average.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know what is the average selling price of
The Financial Analyst generates from its Sales Journal the raw data of sales for the current year which con
The Financial Analyst can use the averageif function to achieve this number.
Formula:
Branch Average
California $ 12,538
Here,
i. Range formula was used for referencing the branch location column.
ii. Criteria formula was used for qualifying a certain branch location (e.g. California)
iii. Average_range formula was used for calculating the average car sale for the company.
Raw Data:
Date Product Code

1/4/2019 01-SE
1/9/2019 05-CON
1/16/2019 03-SUV
1/24/2019 01-SE
1/29/2019 02-HA
2/1/2019 03-SUV
2/7/2019 04-MPV
2/16/2019 05-CON
2/22/2019 03-SUV
2/28/2019 01-SE
3/3/2019 05-CON
3/6/2019 03-SUV
3/8/2019 01-SE
3/9/2019 02-HA
3/12/2019 05-CON
3/16/2019 02-HA
3/23/2019 03-SUV
3/28/2019 05-CON
3/31/2019 03-SUV
4/5/2019 03-SUV
4/11/2019 05-CON
4/14/2019 04-MPV
4/21/2019 05-CON
4/29/2019 04-MPV
5/10/2019 02-HA
5/11/2019 02-HA
5/14/2019 02-HA
5/19/2019 04-MPV
5/27/2019 05-CON
6/16/2019 05-CON
6/22/2019 04-MPV
6/25/2019 04-MPV
7/10/2019 02-HA
7/21/2019 05-CON
7/31/2019 02-HA
8/15/2019 05-CON
8/20/2019 04-MPV
8/28/2019 02-HA
8/31/2019 04-MPV
10/1/2019 01-SE
10/4/2019 02-HA
10/7/2019 04-MPV
10/12/2019 01-SE
10/18/2019 02-HA
10/21/2019 02-HA
10/24/2019 03-SUV
10/30/2019 04-MPV
11/7/2019 02-HA
11/11/2019 01-SE
11/14/2019 02-HA
11/19/2019 01-SE
11/22/2019 03-SUV
11/25/2019 01-SE
12/1/2019 02-HA
12/8/2019 01-SE
12/10/2019 04-MPV
12/11/2019 02-HA
12/14/2019 02-HA
12/19/2019 01-SE
12/23/2019 03-SUV
AVERAGEIF FORMULA
) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria.
cells which contain the criteria which you want to analyze. This range can include numbers or names, arrays, or references that
bers.
s used to lookup in the range and determine what is to be averaged. It can be in the form of a number, expression, cell
text.
t of cells to average.
nd car dealership wants to know what is the average selling price of a car in the California branch for the current year.
its Sales Journal the raw data of sales for the current year which contains car dealer branch location and sales figures.
rageif function to achieve this number.
cing the branch location column.

fying a certain branch location (e.g. California)
for calculating the average car sale for the company.

Sedan Alabama 4,000
Sedan Florida 2,000
Sedan Florida 5,000
Alabama
Alabama
Alabama
Alabama
SUMIFS FORMULA
Typical use cases:

Adds the numbers which apply when multiple criteria are met. This is different from the sumif formula wh
Formula Explanation
Sum_range (required) This is the range of cells which contain the numerical values t
Criteria_range1 (required) The range that is tested using Criteria1. Criteria_range1 and C
criteria_range1).
Once items in the range are found, their corresponding value
Criteria1 (required) The criteria that determines which cells in Criteria_range1 wil
Criteria_range2, criteria2, … (optional) This refers to additional ranges and their related criteria. You
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know how much sales were made during
The Financial Analyst generates a Sales Journal (below) containing the raw data of car sales with product
The Financial Analyst can use the sumifs formula to summarize revenue by branch and product descriptio
Formula:
Branch Location Product Description

Alabama Sedan
California Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
Florida Hatchback
Washington Convertibles
Here,
i. Sum_range formula was used for determining the branch's sales revenue.
ii. Criteria_range1 formula was used for determining the data range of a specific branch location.
iii. Criteria1 formula was used for determining a specific branch location.
iv. Criteria_range2 formula was used for determining the data range of what type of product description
v. Criteria2 formula was used for filtering the specified product description.
Raw Data:
Date Product Code

1/4/2019 01-SE
1/9/2019 05-CON
1/16/2019 03-SUV
1/24/2019 01-SE
1/29/2019 02-HA
2/1/2019 03-SUV
2/7/2019 04-MPV
2/16/2019 05-CON
2/22/2019 03-SUV
2/28/2019 01-SE
3/3/2019 05-CON
3/6/2019 03-SUV
3/8/2019 01-SE
3/9/2019 02-HA
3/12/2019 05-CON
3/16/2019 02-HA
3/23/2019 03-SUV
3/28/2019 05-CON
3/31/2019 03-SUV
4/5/2019 03-SUV
4/11/2019 05-CON
4/14/2019 04-MPV
4/21/2019 05-CON
4/29/2019 04-MPV
5/10/2019 02-HA
5/11/2019 02-HA
5/14/2019 02-HA
5/19/2019 04-MPV
5/27/2019 05-CON
6/16/2019 05-CON
6/22/2019 04-MPV
6/25/2019 04-MPV
7/10/2019 02-HA
7/21/2019 05-CON
7/31/2019 02-HA
8/15/2019 05-CON
8/20/2019 04-MPV
8/28/2019 02-HA
8/31/2019 04-MPV
10/1/2019 01-SE
10/4/2019 02-HA
10/7/2019 04-MPV
10/12/2019 01-SE
10/18/2019 02-HA
10/21/2019 02-HA
10/24/2019 03-SUV
10/30/2019 04-MPV
11/7/2019 02-HA
11/11/2019 01-SE
11/14/2019 02-HA
11/19/2019 01-SE
11/22/2019 03-SUV
11/25/2019 01-SE
12/1/2019 02-HA
12/8/2019 01-SE
12/10/2019 04-MPV
12/11/2019 02-HA
12/14/2019 02-HA
12/19/2019 01-SE
12/23/2019 03-SUV
SUMIFS FORMULA
is different from the sumif formula which only relies on one condition.
s which contain the numerical values to added together.

d using Criteria1. Criteria_range1 and Criteria1 are considered a pair (critiera1 searches within
e are found, their corresponding values in Sum_range are added.

mines which cells in Criteria_range1 will be added up.
al ranges and their related criteria. You can enter up to 127 range/criteria pairs.
ow how much sales were made during the year for certain cars within certain branch locations.
the raw data of car sales with product code, product descriptions and dealer branch location.
enue by branch and product description for the General Manager.
Total sales for each product description

$ 41,651
$ 20,500
$ 60,586
$ 5,500
ge of a specific branch location.
ge of what type of product description should be summed in a specified branch location.

Sedan Alabama 4,000
Sedan Florida 2,000
Sedan Florida 5,000
COUNTIFS FORMULA
Typical use cases:

Applies criteria to cells across multiple ranges and counts the number of times all criteria are met.
Formula Explanation
Criteria_range1 (required) The first range in which to evaluate the criteria set in criteria1
The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell referenc
Criteria1 (required) the critieria1 range.
Criteria_range2, criteria2, … (optional) Additional ranges and their related criteria. You can enter up
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know how many cars were sold for certai
The Financial Analyst generates a Sales Journal (below) containing the raw data of car sales with product
The Financial Analyst can use the countifs formula to summiarze the number of car sales by branch and p
Formula:
Branch Location Product Description
Alabama Sedan
California Sports Utility Vehicle (
Florida Hatchback
Here,
i. Criteria_range1 formula was used for determining the data range of a specific branch location.
ii. Criteria1 formula was used for determining a specific branch location.
iii. Criteria_range2 formula was used for determining the data range of what type of product decription
iv. Criteria2 formula was used for filtering only the specified product description required.
Raw Data:
Date Product Code

1/4/2019 01-SE
1/9/2019 05-CON
1/16/2019 03-SUV
1/24/2019 01-SE
1/29/2019 02-HA
2/1/2019 03-SUV
2/7/2019 04-MPV
2/16/2019 05-CON
2/22/2019 03-SUV
2/28/2019 01-SE
3/3/2019 05-CON
3/6/2019 03-SUV
3/8/2019 01-SE
3/9/2019 02-HA
3/12/2019 05-CON
3/16/2019 02-HA
3/23/2019 03-SUV
3/28/2019 05-CON
3/31/2019 03-SUV
4/5/2019 03-SUV
4/11/2019 05-CON
4/14/2019 04-MPV
4/21/2019 05-CON
4/29/2019 04-MPV
5/10/2019 02-HA
5/11/2019 02-HA
5/14/2019 02-HA
5/19/2019 04-MPV
5/27/2019 05-CON
6/16/2019 05-CON
6/22/2019 04-MPV
6/25/2019 04-MPV
7/10/2019 02-HA
7/21/2019 05-CON
7/31/2019 02-HA
8/15/2019 05-CON
8/20/2019 04-MPV
8/28/2019 02-HA
8/31/2019 04-MPV
10/1/2019 01-SE
10/4/2019 02-HA
10/7/2019 04-MPV
10/12/2019 01-SE
10/18/2019 02-HA
10/21/2019 02-HA
10/24/2019 03-SUV
10/30/2019 04-MPV
11/7/2019 02-HA
11/11/2019 01-SE
11/14/2019 02-HA
11/19/2019 01-SE
11/22/2019 03-SUV
11/25/2019 01-SE
12/1/2019 02-HA
12/8/2019 01-SE
12/10/2019 04-MPV
12/11/2019 02-HA
12/14/2019 02-HA
12/19/2019 01-SE
12/23/2019 03-SUV
COUNTIFS FORMULA
the number of times all criteria are met.
e in which to evaluate the criteria set in criteria1.

the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that define which cells are to be counted within
range.
nges and their related criteria. You can enter up to 127 range/criteria pairs.
ants to know how many cars were sold for certain car models at specific locations during the year.
ontaining the raw data of car sales with product code, product descriptiona and dealer branch location.
miarze the number of car sales by branch and product description for the General Manager.
Total number of sales for each product

description on their respective branch
4
2
6
1
data range of a specific branch location.

ranch location.
data range of what type of product decription should be counted.
ed product description required.

Sedan Alabama 4,000
Sedan Florida 2,000
Sedan Florida 5,000
AVERAGEIFS FORMULA
Typical use cases:

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.
Formula Explanation
Average_range (required) One or more cells to average, including numbers or names, a
Criteria_range1, criteria2, … (required) Criteria_range1 is required, subsequent criteria_ranges are op
Criteria1, Criteria2 (required) Criteria1 is required, subsequent criteria are optional. 1 to 12

define which cells will be averaged.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know the average sales for a certain prod
The Finance Analyst generates from its Sales Journal the raw data of its sales from the current year.
Formula:
Branch Product Description
Alabama Sedan
California Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
Florida Hatchback
Here,
i. Average_range formula was used for determining the branch's sales revenue.
ii. Criteria_Range1 formula was used for determining the data range of a specific branch location.
iii. Criteria1 formula was used for determining a specific branch location.
iv. Criteria_range2 formula was used for determining the data range of what type of product should be a
v. Criteria2 formula was used for filtering the specified product description.
Raw Data:
Date Product Code

1/4/2019 01-SE
1/9/2019 05-CON
1/16/2019 03-SUV
1/24/2019 01-SE
1/29/2019 02-HA
2/1/2019 03-SUV
2/7/2019 04-MPV
2/16/2019 05-CON
2/22/2019 03-SUV
2/28/2019 01-SE
3/3/2019 05-CON
3/6/2019 03-SUV
3/8/2019 01-SE
3/9/2019 02-HA
3/12/2019 05-CON
3/16/2019 02-HA
3/23/2019 03-SUV
3/28/2019 05-CON
3/31/2019 03-SUV
4/5/2019 03-SUV
4/11/2019 05-CON
4/14/2019 04-MPV
4/21/2019 05-CON
4/29/2019 04-MPV
5/10/2019 02-HA
5/11/2019 02-HA
5/14/2019 02-HA
5/19/2019 04-MPV
5/27/2019 05-CON
6/16/2019 05-CON
6/22/2019 04-MPV
6/25/2019 04-MPV
7/10/2019 02-HA
7/21/2019 05-CON
7/31/2019 02-HA
8/15/2019 05-CON
8/20/2019 04-MPV
8/28/2019 02-HA
8/31/2019 04-MPV
10/1/2019 01-SE
10/4/2019 02-HA
10/7/2019 04-MPV
10/12/2019 01-SE
10/18/2019 02-HA
10/21/2019 02-HA
10/24/2019 03-SUV
10/30/2019 04-MPV
11/7/2019 02-HA
11/11/2019 01-SE
11/14/2019 02-HA
11/19/2019 01-SE
11/22/2019 03-SUV
11/25/2019 01-SE
12/1/2019 02-HA
12/8/2019 01-SE
12/10/2019 04-MPV
12/11/2019 02-HA
12/14/2019 02-HA
12/19/2019 01-SE
12/23/2019 03-SUV
AVERAGEIFS FORMULA
including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.

bsequent criteria_ranges are optional. 1 to 127 ranges in which to evaluate the related criteria.
nt criteria are optional. 1 to 127 criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that
aged.
average sales for a certain product on each branches for the current year.
es from the current year.
Average sales for each product description

on their respective branch
$ 10,412.75
$ 10,250.00
$ 10,097.67
$ 5,500.00
specific branch location.
hat type of product should be averaged in a specified branch location.

Sedan Alabama 4,000
Sedan Florida 2,000
Sedan Florida 5,000
SUMPRODU
Typical use Cases:
The SUMPRODUCT formula returns the sum of the products of corresponding ranges. The default operat
was used more frequently in versions of Microsoft Excel prior to 2007 before the SUMIFS formula was int
Formula Explanation
Array1 (required) The first array argument whose components you want to
[array2], [array3],... (optional) Array arguments 2 to 255 whose components you want
Example #1
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know the sales for a certain product at ea
The Financial Analyst is able to export from its Sales Journal (see below) the raw data with sale price, loca
The Financial Analyst can use the sumproduct formula to calculate the sales revenue by branch location a
Solution:
Alabama Quarter panel

California Coolant temperature sensor
Florida Transmission computer
Washington Tail light
Raw Data:
Date Product Description

1/4/2019 Headlight motor
1/9/2019 Quarter panel
1/16/2019 Coolant temperature sensor
1/24/2019 Ignition coil
1/29/2019 Speedometer
2/1/2019 Temperature gauge
2/7/2019 Water temperature meter
2/16/2019 Rear Right Side Door Glass
2/22/2019 Window motor
2/28/2019 Rear Left Side Inner door handle
3/3/2019 Radiator core support
3/6/2019 Bumper
3/8/2019 Pillar and hard trim
3/9/2019 Tail light
3/12/2019 Battery
3/16/2019 Power window switch
3/23/2019 Central locking system
3/28/2019 Performance chip
3/31/2019 Transmission computer
4/5/2019 Speedometer calibrator
Example #2
The General Manager of the second-hand car dealership wants to know the exact information as above b
but does not have the sales revenue per order (column H). How does the Financial Analyst calculate the s
Solution:

California Coolant temperature sensor
Florida Transmission computer
Washington Tail light
Example #3
The General Manager says job well done. However, he now sends you a file by email which contains prod
the breakdown of specific branch location and product sales for 2018. The sheet he sends is very long an

Solution:
We can't use the SUMIFS in this case because we don't have the sales revenue (unless we manually multip
SUMIFS won't handle if It we want to lookup the year 2018 within in it. Therefore, we must use the SUMP

Florida Window motor
Alabama Rear Right Side Door Glass
Washington Speedometer
Note: We used the lookup in the array for year in this example. Had the General Manager wanted us to a
formula = 1 instead of year = 2018.
Formula: =SUMPRODUCT((YEAR($C$76:$C$85)=2018)*(($F$76:$F
Result: 312.2
If you wanted to use month = January and year = 2018, this could be achieved with the following formula
Formula: =SUMPRODUCT((MONTH($C$76:$C$85)=1)*(YEAR($C$
Result: 312.2

Example #4
Let's look an example where a sales team is required to present on a weekly basis their deals closed and f
The Sales Operations Analyst is responsible for gathering the data from the Salesforce CRM software prio
for the quarter, committed deals for the quarter, and best case deals which will close in the quarter. Each
Closed/won is 100%, sales rep commit is considered 75% probability and best case is 25%. Based on thes
team meeting a probability weighted forecast sales number for the quarter.
Raw Data:
Probability Weight
Closed QTD 100%
Additional: Commit 75%
Additional: Best Case 25%
Solution #4:
Closed/Won Forecast (using sumproduct) 11.25

Closed/Won Forecast (using manual formula) 11.25
Example #5:
The SUMPRODUCT formula is flexible to allow for multiple conditions to be applied when calculating the
is to match a condition that exists in the table header?
Let's assume that we are provided with the following table of product sales which now contains data for J
speedometers for January separately from February?
Model Production Year Product Description

Options:
To summarize the sales quantity data with multiple conditions we would use the SUMIFS.
However, If we used the SUMIFS formula, it would require us to pick a specific column to sum e.g. Januar
Model Production Year Product

2018 Speedometer
With SUMPRODUCT, we can apply all of the above 3 conditions for year filter, product and spedometer a
This is achievable by embedding the INDEX and MATCH functions within SUMPRODUCT. To illustrate this
results we would like to return.
Model Production Year Product

2018 Speedometer
=SUMPRODUCT((YEAR($C$153:$C$162)=$C$177)*(($F$153:$F$162)*(INDEX($G$153:$H$162,,MATCH($F
Here we are inserting an INDEX MATCH array instead of selecting the specific unit sales column individua
decide in another area of the sheet or table which month we'd like to pull.
Let's summarize some of the formula we have learned, rank their flexibility, and when they are best used.
Formula Flexibility
SUMPRODUCT with INDEX and MATCH Very High
SUMIF with INDEX, MATCH High
SUMIFS Moderate
VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP with MATCH Low
DGET Low
SUMPRODUCT FORMULA
ding ranges. The default operation is multiplication, but addition, subtraction, and division are also possible. The SUMPRODUCT formula
ore the SUMIFS formula was introduced. However, it still has benefit in its flexibility compared to SUMIFS as we will see in this lesson.
whose components you want to multiply and then add.

5 whose components you want to multiply and then add.
sales for a certain product at each branch location for the current year.
he raw data with sale price, location, description and quantity sold.
es revenue by branch location and product description.
Total number of sales for

each product description on
their respective branch
$ 312.20
$ 30.00
$ 241.50
$ 57.00
Car Dealer Branches Sales Price Quantity Sold

Washington $ 20.00 5
Alabama $ 44.60 7
California $ 10.00 3
Alabama $ 23.00 7
Florida $ 12.50 5
Florida $ 5.30 4
Alabama $ 44.00 7
Florida $ 18.66 3
Alabama $ 3.60 8
Alabama $ 26.00 64
Alabama $ 90.00 1
Florida $ 35.00 23
Alabama $ 33.20 3
Alabama $ 60.00 1
Florida $ 34.50 7
Alabama $ 77.20 7
he exact information as above but the Financial Analyst has only the sales price and quantity sold for numerical metrics
Financial Analyst calculate the sales by branch and product description using sumproduct?

$ 312.20 =SUMPRODUCT(($D$37:$D$56=D65)*($E$37:$E$56=C65)*($F$37:$F$56*$G$37:$G$56))
$ 30.00
$ 241.50
$ 57.00
e by email which contains product sales over the past 2 years with some sales data and wants you to only give him
e sheet he sends is very long and below is a sample.

Alabama $ 44.60 7
Alabama $ 23.00 7
Florida $ 12.50 5
Florida $ 5.30 4
Alabama $ 44.00 7
Florida $ 18.66 3
Alabama $ 3.60 8
enue (unless we manually multiply the sales price and quantity in a separate column), and the date column is an array and
erefore, we must use the SUMPRODUCT formula if we want to avoid manual work.
$ 312.20
$ 55.98
$ 308.00
$ 338.00
eneral Manager wanted us to analyze January, we could have used that instead of 2019 by inserting a month
$C$76:$C$85)=2018)*(($F$76:$F$85)*($G$76:$G$85))*($D$76:$D$85=D95)*($E$76:$E$85=C95))
eved with the following formula:

H($C$76:$C$85)=1)*(YEAR($C$76:$C$85)=2018)*(($F$76:$F$85)*($G$76:$G$85))*($D$76:$D$85=D102)*($E$76:$E$85=C102))

Alabama $ 44.60 7
Alabama $ 23.00 7
Florida $ 12.50 5
Florida $ 5.30 4
Alabama $ 44.00 7
Florida $ 18.66 3
Alabama $ 3.60 8
kly basis their deals closed and forecast metrics for the quarter to date (QTD) to the VP Sales.
he Salesforce CRM software prior to the team meeting and summarizing the team's closed deals
h will close in the quarter. Each of the stages of sales pipeline are attributed a probability percentage
best case is 25%. Based on these metrics, the Sales Operations Analyst is required to bring to the
These calculations are a manual method and not necessary

if you use the sumproduct formula
John Deals Mark Deals John (Prob. Weighted)

2 4 2
3 2 2
2 4 1
4.75
4.75 6.50
be applied when calculating the sum of a range and also calculating the SUMPRODUCT of a range. But what if one of the conditions
es which now contains data for January and February 2019. How can we summarize the product sales for Washington
Unit Sales - Rep A

Car Dealer Branches Sales Price 31-Jan-19
Alabama $ 44.60 7
Alabama $ 23.00 7
Florida $ 12.50 5
Washington $ 5.30 4
Alabama $ 44.00 7
Alabama $ 3.60 8
use the SUMIFS.

cific column to sum e.g. January or February and this does not provide flexibility to calculate extended sales (price x quantity).
Car Dealer Branch Location Result - January (SUMIFS)

Washington 17 24
lter, product and spedometer and multiply the sales price by the unit sales for the month we'd like to perform a lookup to.
SUMPRODUCT. To illustrate this, we can see the filters below and we have switched the placement of the February and January
Sale Month Sale Month

Car Dealer Branch Location 31-Jan-19 28-Feb-19
Washington 338 546
DEX($G$153:$H$162,,MATCH($F$176,$G$152:$H$152,0)))*($D$153:$D$162=$D$177)*($E$153:$E$162=$E$177)))
cific unit sales column individualls (Janauary or February). This is more flexible because now that we have indexed it, we can
y, and when they are best used.
When to use
Calculating the sum of data in a column based on multiple columns of conditions
and 1 row condition (e.g. date). Also enables multiplication of columns based on
critieria met.
Calculating the sum of data in a column based on 1 column condition and 1 row
condition. Looks at range.
Calculating the sum of data in a column based on multiple columns of conditions.

Filtering a table based on 1 column condition and 1 row condition
Filtering a table based on 1 column condition and 1 row condition.
vision are also possible. The SUMPRODUCT formula
ompared to SUMIFS as we will see in this lesson.
Sales Revenue
$ 100.0
$ 312.2
$ 30.0
$ 161.0
$ 338.0
$ 62.5
$ 21.2
$ 308.0
$ 56.0
$ 28.8
$ 1,664.0
$ 90.0
$ 4,928.0
$ 57.0
$ 805.0
$ 99.6
$ 1,100.0
$ 60.0
$ 241.5
$ 540.4
quantity sold for numerical metrics
($E$37:$E$56=C65)*($F$37:$F$56*$G$37:$G$56))
and wants you to only give him
, and the date column is an array and

019 by inserting a month
D$76:$D$85=D102)*($E$76:$E$85=C102))
bility percentage
bring to the
ulations are a manual method and not necessary

if you use the sumproduct formula
Mark (Prob. Weighted)

4
2
1
6.50
CT of a range. But what if one of the conditions
he product sales for Washington
Unit Sales - Rep B

28-Feb-19
4
3
5
12
21
5
3
2
6
7
calculate extended sales (price x quantity).
onth we'd like to perform a lookup to.

he placement of the February and January
*($E$153:$E$162=$E$177)))
use now that we have indexed it, we can

Looks at Array/Range?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
INDEX FOR
Typical use cases:

Returns the value of an item in a table depending on the row and column number chosen to be indexed
Formula Explanation
Array (required) -This is a range of cells.
-If the array contains only one row or column, the corresponding row_num
-If array has more than one row and more than one column, and only row_n
array of the entire row or column in array.
row_num (required) This selects the row in the array from which to return a value. If row_num is
column_num (optional) This selects the column in the array from which to return a value. If column_
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know the quarterly sales of each branch
look it up with ease.
The Financial Analyst generates the Sales Report of the dealership's sales for the current year per below.
However the General Manager doesn't want to have to constantly sort through data. The General Manag
choose which quarter he would like to pull data from with corresponding data for the branch location an
The Financial Analyst is able to reference the quarterly sales by state using the index function and create
to create this financial model for the General Manager.
Solution
Drop Down Menus Setup for the General Manager:
Branch Location Washington
Fiscal Quarter Q3
Type of Vehicle Sedan
Result: $ 55,123.00
Reference Data for the Index Match Formula:

Quarter Reference
Q1 1
Q2 2
Q3 3
Q4 4
This is a two step process:

1. Create an index formula based on the below tables.
2. Create picklists (above) which perform vlookups against a reference table which specify the location o
first branch location, Sedans are the first area location.
Sales Report:
Table 1
Sedan
Alabama California
Q1 $ 34,512.00 $ 62,616.00
Q2 $ 12,412.00 $ 2,326.00
Q3 $ 23,452.00 $ 2,342.00
Q4 $ 5,762.00 $ 34,523.00
SUV
Alabama California
Q1 $ 52,425.00 $ 62,616.00
Q2 $ 56,562.00 $ 85,200.00
Q3 $ 10,214.00 $ 66,335.00
Q4 $ 25,245.00 $ 58,234.00
Hatchback
Alabama California
Q1 $ 45,478.00 $ 54,565.00
Q2 $ 21,444.00 $ 44,455.00
Q3 $ 46,932.00 $ 50,415.00
Q4 $ 21,023.00 $ 20,000.00
Convertible
Alabama California
Q1 $ 12,500.00 $ 45,604.00
Q2 $ 78,540.00 $ 23,500.00
Q3 $ 23,452.00 $ 66,250.00
Q4 $ 46,500.00 $ 45,700.00
INDEX FORMULA
mn number chosen to be indexed in the formula.
mn, the corresponding row_num or column_num argument is optional.

than one column, and only row_num or column_num is used, INDEX returns an
h to return a value. If row_num is omitted, column_num is required.

which to return a value. If column_num is omitted, row_num is required.
he quarterly sales of each branch for a particular quarter and wants to be able to
s for the current year per below.

hrough data. The General Manager wants a picklist to be able to
g data for the branch location and vehicle type.
ng the index function and create 3 picklists (Quarter, Branch Location, Type of Vehicle)
=@INDEX((C57:F60,C64:F67,C71:F74,C78:F81),
(VLOOKUP(D31,$C$38:$D$41,2,FALSE)),
(VLOOKUP(D30,$E$38:$F$41,2,FALSE)),
(VLOOKUP($D$32,$G$38:$H$41,2,FALSE)))
Branch Column Vehicle Type

Alabama 1 Sedan
California 2 SUV
Florida 3 Hatchback
Washington 4 Convertible
able which specify the location of the data within the array table below. i.e. Quarter 1 is the first row, Alabama is the
Column 4
Florida Washington
$ 12,315.00 $ 72,345.00
$ 45,625.00 $ 15,123.00
$ 63,456.00 $ 55,123.00 Row 3
$ 23,423.00 $ 62,343.00
Florida Washington
$ 78,252.00 $ 69,888.00
$ 45,787.00 $ 85,522.00
$ 63,456.00 $ 45,725.00
$ 56,548.00 $ 10,500.00
Florida Washington
$ 45,220.00 $ 14,555.00
$ 98,522.00 $ 5,400.00
$ 11,200.00 $ 8,525.00
$ 12,300.00 $ 48,522.00
Florida Washington
$ 33,000.00 $ 80,500.00
$ 33,650.00 $ 65,800.00
$ 36,900.00 $ 9,500.00
$ 40,200.00 $ 12,460.00
Area Numer
1
2
3
4
t row, Alabama is the
MATCH FORMULA
Typical use cases:

The MATCH formula looks for an item within a range and returns relative position of that item in the rang
Formula Explanation
Lookup_value (required) The value that you want to search within the range i.e. the lookup_array.
Lookup_array (required) The range of cells being searched to find the lookup_value.
Match_type (optional) This is a number being -1, 0, or 1. The match_type argument specifies how E
lookup_array range. The default value for this argument is 1.
Example:
An inventory clerk of a shop keeps track of all purchases in the company's ERP with a serial code attached
The inventory clerk wants to know what sale # a particular item sold was on October 31, 2019 as the exte
inventory clerk to pull the receipt. The receipts are kept in a separate drawer depending on whether it wa
are two staff that work at the shop and they track their receipts separately. Therefore, figuring out wheth
important to be able to pull the receipt.
The Financial Analyst prepares a list of product purchases for October 31, 2019 in the below table as it wa
Using this data, the Financial Analyst wants to use an Excel function to determine what sale of the day the
for the auditor.
Solution:
Using the MATCH function, the Financial Analyst can take the serial code of the item being questioned by
what purchase it was and whether it would have been in the morning shift or afternoon shift. As per the b
the 8th purchase of the day. Based on shop experience, mornings are far more busy with purchasing than
to be part of the morning shift's purchases.
Serial Code Purchase

00012429 8
Raw Data:
Serial Code Product Description

00012345 Headlight motor
00012357 Quarter panel
00012369 Coolant temperature sensor
00012381 Ignition coil
00012393 Speedometer
00012405 Temperature gauge
00012417 Water temperature meter
00012429 Rear Right Side Door Glass
00012441 Window motor
00012453 Rear Left Side Inner door handle
00012465 Radiator core support
00012477 Bumper
00012489 Pillar and hard trim
00012501 Tail light
00012513 Battery
00012525 Power window switch
00012537 Central locking system
00012549 Performance chip
00012561 Transmission computer
00012573 Speedometer calibrator
MATCH FORMULA
urns relative position of that item in the range.
ch within the range i.e. the lookup_array.

ed to find the lookup_value.
1. The match_type argument specifies how Excel matches the lookup_value with values in the
value for this argument is 1.
he company's ERP with a serial code attached to the purchase.

m sold was on October 31, 2019 as the external auditors are questioning it and want the
eparate drawer depending on whether it was in the morning shift or afternoon shift as there
pts separately. Therefore, figuring out whether the sale occurred in the morning or afternoon is
October 31, 2019 in the below table as it was exported from the ERP system in order of time of sale.
nction to determine what sale of the day the item in question relates to so they can pull the receipt
e serial code of the item being questioned by the auditors and look it up in the table to determine
morning shift or afternoon shift. As per the below formula result, the serial code shows that it was
nings are far more busy with purchasing than the afternoons and therefore it is determined likely
Cost per unit

$ 20.00
$ 44.60
$ 10.00
$ 23.00
$ 26.00
$ 12.50
$ 5.30
$ 44.00
$ 18.66
$ 3.60
$ 26.00
$ 90.00
$ 88.00
$ 19.00
$ 35.00
$ 33.20
$ 100.00
$ 60.00
$ 34.50
$ 77.20
SUMIF WITH IND
Typical use cases:

The SUMIF with an embedded INDEX MATCH formula is powerful when you need to summarize the data contain
that need to be summarized.
Formula Explanation
This is the combination of 3 formula (SUMIF, INDEX, AND MATCH) each of which are described below.
The SUMIF formula uses conditional logic to calculate the sum of amounts in an array.
The INDEX formula performs a lookup of an array of data.
The MATCH formula performs a comparison of data to a selected cell to determine whether they are equal to eac
When used in combination, we can INDEX an array, find a MATCH of data and take the SUMIF depending on whe
SUMIF
Range (required) The range of cells that you want evaluated by criteria. Cells in each range must be n
ignored. The selected range may contain dates in standard Excel format.
Criteria (required) The criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function
Sum_Range (optional) The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the ran
in the range argument (the same cells to which the criteria is applied).
INDEX
Array (required) -Range of cells.

-If array contains only one row or column, the corresponding row_num or
column_num argument is optional.
-If array has more than one row and more than one column, and only
row_num or column_num is used, INDEX returns an array of the entire row
or column in array.
row_num (required) Selects the row in array from which to return a value. If row_num is omitted,
column_num is required.
column_num (optional) Selects the column in array from which to return a value. If column_num is
omitted, row_num is required.
MATCH
Lookup_value (required) The value that you want to match in lookup_array.
Lookup_array (required) The range of cells being searched.
Match_type (optional) The number -1, 0, or 1. The match_type argument specifies how Excel matches look
with values in lookup_array. The default value for this argument is 1.
Example:
An Analyst at Goldman Sachs is provided the below P&L for a company being analyzed for potential acquisition.
numbers only in a single table.
P&L Category 12/31/2019

Subscription Revenue Revenue 100,000
Usage Revenue Revenue 80,000
Professional Services Revenue 70,000
Total Revenue 250,000
Cost of services Cost of Services 50,000

Gross Margin Gross Margin 200,000
Consultants Operating Expenses 23,000

Employees Operating Expenses 50,000
Rent Operating Expenses 9,000
Utilities Operating Expenses 2,000
Travel Expenses Operating Expenses 1,000
Office Expenses Operating Expenses 1,000
Dues and Subscriptions Operating Expenses 500
Interest Income Other Income 300
Foreign Exchange Gain Other Income 100
Amortization Other Expenses 200
Depreciation Other Expenses 300
Net Income Net Income 112,600
Solution
The Analyst can use the SUMIF with INDEX and Match to summarize the data into the below table by category an
The formula used is as follows:

=SUMIF($D$60:$D$81,$C97,INDEX($E$60:$L$81,,MATCH(D$96,$E$60:$L$60,0)))
Category range Range of data

Category Month
Months rows from table
Category 12/31/2019 11/30/2019
Revenue 250,000 257,500
Cost of Services 50,000 51,500
Gross Margin 200,000 206,000
Operating Expenses 86,500 89,095
Other Income 400 412
Other Expenses 500 515
Net Income 112,600 115,978
SUMIF WITH INDEX AND MATCH
you need to summarize the data contained in a table and you have unique headers in the columns and the rows contain duplicates
of which are described below.

ts in an array.
determine whether they are equal to each other.

a and take the SUMIF depending on whether the conditions are met.
by criteria. Cells in each range must be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are
ates in standard Excel format.
sion, a cell reference, text, or a function that defines which cells will be added.
ells other than those specified in the range argument. If the sum_range argument is omitted, Excel adds the cells that are specified
hich the criteria is applied).
he corresponding row_num or
han one column, and only

turns an array of the entire row
n a value. If row_num is omitted,
eturn a value. If column_num is

ument specifies how Excel matches lookup_value
ue for this argument is 1.
being analyzed for potential acquisition. The Analyst is required to summarize the P&L by category and show the Q4 monthly
11/30/2019 10/31/2019 9/30/2019 8/31/2019 7/31/2019

103,000 106,090 109,273 112,551 115,927
82,400 84,872 87,418 90,041 92,742
72,100 74,263 76,491 78,786 81,149
257,500 265,225 273,182 281,377 289,819
51,500 53,045 54,636 56,275 57,964

206,000 212,180 218,545 225,102 231,855
23,690 24,401 25,133 25,887 26,663

51,500 53,045 54,636 56,275 57,964
9,270 9,548 9,835 10,130 10,433
2,060 2,122 2,185 2,251 2,319
1,030 1,061 1,093 1,126 1,159
1,030 1,061 1,093 1,126 1,159
515 530 546 563 580
309 318 328 338 348
103 106 109 113 116
206 212 219 225 232
309 318 328 338 348
115,978 119,457 123,041 126,732 130,534
data into the below table by category and show the Q3 figures (from left to right in chronological order).
10/31/2019
265,225
53,045
212,180
91,768
424
530
119,457
nd the rows contain duplicates
s. Blank and text values are
dds the cells that are specified

nd show the Q4 monthly
6/30/2019 5/31/2019
119,405 122,987
95,524 98,390
83,584 86,091
298,513 307,468
59,703 61,494
238,810 245,975
27,463 28,287
59,703 61,494
10,746 11,069
2,388 2,460
1,194 1,230
1,194 1,230
597 615
358 369
119 123
239 246
358 369
134,450 138,484
INDEX MATCH
Typical use cases:

The index match is a good alernative to a nested if formula or using the Ifs formula.
For instance, if you have a table of data that you need to reference in a formula and there
table you are working on and the reference table (e.g. customer ID), then you can use the
data between the two tables.
Formula Explanation
This formula combines both the Index and Match formulas together in one equation.
Refer to the Index and Match tabs for independent explanations of those formula.
When using the Index and Match formula together, the Match formula is inserted where
The first part of the formula references the "array" which is the table upone which you a
Example:
The Investment Banking Analyst at a top Investment Bank in New York would like to calcu
the Bank is considering investing in. The Analyst received the number of sales made per s
Using this data the Analyst needs to estimate the monthly sales dollar amount by state.
Raw Data:
State January
New York NoAM East 1
California NoAM West 2
Texas NoAM West 3
Rhode Island NoAM East 4
Massachusetts NoAM East 5
Seattle NoAM West 6
Colorado NoAM West 7
Average Deal Size $256,218
Formula:
Below is a screenshot of the Index(Match) formula in action:
Screenshot:
In this formula, we reference the array (number of sales by month), and use the match f
and then multiply the result buy the average deal size for January. This formaul can then
by State and by month. Below is the result.
Summary of Data Using Index(Match)
State Segment January

New York NoAM East $256,218
California NoAM West $512,436
Texas NoAM West $768,654
Rhode Island NoAM East $1,024,872
Massachusetts NoAM East $1,281,090
Seattle NoAM West $1,537,308
Colorado NoAM West $1,793,526
NoAM East $2,562,180

NoAM West $4,611,924
DGET
Formula Explanation
The DGET formula is a database lookup function which references an array, and returns
multiple criteria for the lookup.
Typical Use Cases
DGET is useful for quick lookups but not as flexible as INDEX(MATCH)
The benefit of this formula is mainly in cases where you need to perform a lookup using
is not appropriate since a vlookup only works with one criterion. Therefore, either you u
DGET is short and can be simple to use in many cases.
Example:
For instance, if you'd like to perform a quick lookup of data and only retreive a certain va
scenarios it also works well. Using the data above, assume we create 2 drop downs for S
We can achieve this easily using the DGET formula rather than INDEX(MATCH). A compa
State Segment Month

California NoAM West March
Regardless of how you change these drop downs, DGET an

Therefore, one is no better than the other for this use case
DGET Limitations:
However, DGET becomes less flexible when you want to portray the data in a different f
For instance, let's rearrange the sales data by Segment, then by State, and then show th
Using the DGET formula, we are successful in retrieving the result for California in Janua
perform a lookup on the second row (Texas) as the formula now includes a range. There
datasets using formula.
Table Reiteration Using DGET:

Segment State January
NoAM West California 512,436
NoAM West Texas Err:502
Instead, we can easily rearrange the data as we had wanted to using the INDEX(MATCH)
Table Reiteration Using INDEX(MATCH):

Segment State January
NoAM West California 512,436
NoAM West Texas 768,654
INDEX MATCH FORMULA
formula or using the Ifs formula.

ed to reference in a formula and there is a common connection between the
.g. customer ID), then you can use the Index Match formula together to sync
ormulas together in one equation.

t explanations of those formula.
r, the Match formula is inserted where the row syntax is located within the Index formula.
" which is the table upone which you are referencing.
t Bank in New York would like to calculate the total sales bookings by state for a company
ceived the number of sales made per state along with average deal size per month.
monthly sales dollar amount by state.
February March April May June July

2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8
4 5 6 7 8 9
5 6 7 8 9 10
6 7 8 9 10 11
7 8 9 10 11 12
8 9 10 11 12 13
$189,891 $189,187 $196,321 $173,841 $289,111 $243,985

sales by month), and use the match function to lookup the quantity of sales deals in California in January)
size for January. This formaul can then be dragged throughout the sales summary to calculate the sales

$379,782 $567,561 $785,284 $869,205 $1,734,666 $1,707,895
$569,673 $756,748 $981,605 $1,043,046 $2,023,777 $1,951,880
$759,564 $945,935 $1,177,926 $1,216,887 $2,312,888 $2,195,865
$949,455 $1,135,122 $1,374,247 $1,390,728 $2,601,999 $2,439,850
$1,139,346 $1,324,309 $1,570,568 $1,564,569 $2,891,110 $2,683,835
$1,329,237 $1,513,496 $1,766,889 $1,738,410 $3,180,221 $2,927,820
$1,519,128 $1,702,683 $1,963,210 $1,912,251 $3,469,332 $3,171,805
$2,468,583 $3,026,992 $3,730,099 $3,824,502 $7,227,775 $6,831,580

$4,177,602 $4,918,862 $5,889,630 $5,910,594 $10,986,218 $10,247,370
DGET
hich references an array, and returns a result (i.e. the field referenced), with the option of setting
as INDEX(MATCH)
e you need to perform a lookup using multiple criteria and a vlookup
one criterion. Therefore, either you use a SUMPRODUCT formula, INDEX(MATCH) or DGET.
p of data and only retreive a certain value, then it works well. If you want to toggle between different
assume we create 2 drop downs for State and month to be able to quickly reference sales data for the year.
rather than INDEX(MATCH). A comparison is below and they return the same result.
DGET INDEX(MATCH)
$756,748 $756,748
ou change these drop downs, DGET and INDEX(MATCH) above will return the same result for this example.
better than the other for this use case.
ant to portray the data in a different format.

ment, then by State, and then show the respective sales by month in columnar format.
eving the result for California in January through July (row 1) but DGET breaks when we try to
e formula now includes a range. Therefore, DGET is appropriate for simple lookcups but not for recreating

569,673 756,748 981,605 1,043,046 2,023,777 1,951,880
Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
d wanted to using the INDEX(MATCH) formula below while creating match conditions for State and month.

569,673 756,748 981,605 1,043,046 2,023,777 1,951,880
759,564 945,935 1,177,926 1,216,887 2,312,888 2,195,865
TEXTJOIN FOR
Typical use cases:

Concatenating cells together using a delimiter to separate them. This is especially more
cells together if you are working with a large data set and just need to concatenate them
Formula Explanation
Delimiter (required) The delimiter is the character that separates the text joined
Ignore_empty (required) There is an option as to whether you'd like to ignore empty
Text1 (required) The text syntax refers to the text cell that you'd like to join.
Example #1
When a car is sold, the Financial Analyst is supposed to create a receipt ID for the sale an
for the dealership. Receipt ID is supposed to be equal to the concatenation of the car br
these characteristics are supposed to be separated by a hyphen ("-").
Solution #1:
There are a couple of ways of achieving this as shown below. The TEXTJOIN method ach
The year formula is used to extract the year from the date of sale field.
On the other hand, a manual process could have also been used for creating the receipt
While this seems intuitive, it is not scalable. Let's presume you had another task where y
with a common delimiter for upload to a software or for record keeping. The TEXTJOIN f
once while the manual method of joining cells requires it to be performed manually betw
TEXTJOIN FORMULA:
MANUAL CONCATENATION:
Car Brand Date of Sale

Volkswagen 12/25/2019
Porsche 12/11/2019
BMW 5/22/2019
Mercedes 3/22/2019
Honda 8/14/2019
Toyota 8/9/2019
GMC 1/6/2019
Example #2:
A Financial Analyst wants to summarize which vehicle brands are sold by the dealership
that is automatically refreshed each time the ERP system's excel export is loaded into a w
is a sales ledger showing sales by sales rep with the fields populated with the vehicle typ
Date of Sale John Markus

12/25/2019
12/11/2019
5/22/2019
3/22/2019 BMW
8/14/2019 GMC
8/9/2019
1/6/2019
4/23/2019
2/2/2019
Solution #2:
First, we need a list of all potential cars available for sale in a column (see column A belo
Using the TEXTJOIN formula, we are able to make a list of the sales reps who have sold e
First, note that our delimiter is a comma followed by a space to separate the sales reps in
=TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,IF($D$59:$F$67=C89,$D$58:$F$58,""))
Next note, that we are ignoring empty cells by indicating "TRUE". The following part of t
and determines whether it contains the car type and if it does it returns the header name
a blank hence why we put "". You can see that there are no sales reps who have sold a Je
The final thing to note on this formula is that doing a lookup to another table like this w
when you are complete when formula, you must hold control + shift and then hit enter i
and see that they are arrays as they contain the { } brackets around it. Once you create th
Car Type Sales Reps (Using TEXTJOIN)

BMW John Markus, Alannah Wicks
Mercedes Alannah Wicks
GMC John Markus, Henry Davidson
Honda Alannah Wicks
Volkswagen Alannah Wicks
Porsche Henry Davidson
Toyota Henry Davidson
Jeep
TEXTJOIN FORMULA
hem. This is especially more efficient to use versus a manual method of concatenating
st need to concatenate them together with a common delimiter.
hat separates the text joined together. For instance, the cat could be separated as the-cat with a hyphen.
er you'd like to ignore empty cells or still join them.
xt cell that you'd like to join. There are the option of joining multiple cells.
te a receipt ID for the sale and input the Receipt ID into the ERP system
concatenation of the car brand, car model ID, and year of sale. Each of
. The TEXTJOIN method achieves the desired result with the hyphen as the delimiter.
used for creating the receipt ID by joining cells with &"-"& one at a time.
ou had another task where you needed to join hundreds of rows of data
ord keeping. The TEXTJOIN formula only requires the user to enter the delimiter
be performed manually between each and every cell.
In this case the delimiter is -
=TEXTJOIN("-",TRUE,C37,YEAR(D37),E37)
=C41&"-"&YEAR(D41)&"-"&E41
CAR MODEL ID Receipt ID (TEXTJOIN) Receipt ID (Manual)

CA143 Volkswagen-2019-CA143 Volkswagen-2019-CA143
CA438 Porsche-2019-CA438 Porsche-2019-CA438
CA348 BMW-2019-CA348 BMW-2019-CA348
CA324 Mercedes-2019-CA324 Mercedes-2019-CA324
CA094 Honda-2019-CA094 Honda-2019-CA094
CA574 Toyota-2019-CA574 Toyota-2019-CA574
CA403 GMC-2019-CA403 GMC-2019-CA403
s are sold by the dealership sales reps. The Analyst wants to have a table created
xcel export is loaded into a workbook. The excel report from the ERP system
opulated with the vehicle type.
Alannah Wicks Henry Davidson

Toyota
BMW
Mercedes
GMC
Honda
Porsche
Volkswagen
column (see column A below). These are all the vehicle brands that the dealership sells.
e sales reps who have sold each fo these car brands.
e to separate the sales reps in our list we are making. You can make this whatever you'd like.
RUE". The following part of the formula is the most important which does a lookup to the source table
es it returns the header name of the table which is the sales rep. If ther is no match found, then it inserts
sales reps who have sold a Jeep and therefore the Jeep row in the below table is blank.
p to another table like this while using the TEXTJOIN formula requires the use of an array formula. Therefore,
ol + shift and then hit enter in order for the formula to work. You can click on one of the formula below
around it. Once you create the formula once, you can drag it down (see sales reps column below).
(require
MAX, MIN and MEDIAN FORMULA
Typical use cases:

You can use MIN and MAX formula to determine the smallest and largest values in a field based on the s
number in the middle of a set of numbers.
Formula Explanation
Number1… (required) Number range in which you want to find the maximum, minimum or median va
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know the largest, smallest and median sa
The Finance Analyst generates from its Sales Journal the raw data of the dealership's sales for the current
the calculation.
Solution:
The results are summarized below. Note that if you wanted to apply conditions to the max and min form
which are part of the next lesson.
Function Amount
MAX $ 19,000
MIN $ 1,250
MEDIAN $ 11,215
Here,
i. MAX(number) formula was used to set a range of data on sales revenue field to determine the
ii. MIN(number) formula was used to set a range of data on sales revenue field to determine the
iii. MEDIAN(number) formula was used to set a range of data on sales revenue field to determine the
Raw Data:
Date Product Code Product Description

1/4/2019 01-SE Sedan
1/24/2019 01-SE Sedan
2/28/2019 01-SE Sedan
3/8/2019 01-SE Sedan
10/1/2019 01-SE Sedan
10/12/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/11/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/19/2019 01-SE Sedan
11/25/2019 01-SE Sedan
12/8/2019 01-SE Sedan
12/19/2019 01-SE Sedan
and MEDIAN FORMULA
values in a field based on the specified aggregation or grouping. The MEDIAN is the
aximum, minimum or median value.
largest, smallest and median sale of the current year.
dealership's sales for the current year and uses the MIN, MAX AND MEDIAN formula to perform
itions to the max and min formula, you would need to use the MINIFS and MAXIFS formula
e field to determine the largest value on the field.

e field to determine the smallest value on the field.
venue field to determine the median value on the field.
Car Dealer Branches Sales Revenue

Alabama 12,000
California 14,000
California 12,500
Alabama 11,540
California 5,500
Florida 15,000
Alabama 9,900
Alabama 10,200
Florida 13,130
Alabama 4,000
Alabama 6,500
Washington 3,000
Washington 4,500
Washington 7,580
Florida 8,750
Alabama 9,890
California 8,000
Alabama 9,990
Florida 11,000
Alabama 14,110
California 11,200
Alabama 13,090
Florida 8,990
California 7,000
California 11,100
California 12,450
Florida 7,780
Florida 13,502
California 10,200
Florida 11,032
Alabama 11,405
Florida 13,045
Florida 12,450
Washington 5,500
California 8,800
California 11,410
Alabama 19,000
California 18,500
Florida 17,410
Washington 15,000
Florida 16,400
California 15,800
California 12,900
California 13,700
Alabama 9,000
Washington 9,500
California 16,000
Florida 10,000
Alabama 14,111
California 14,500
Florida 2,000
Alabama 1,250
California 13,690
Florida 12,456
Florida 11,230
California 14,500
Florida 1,500
California 19,000
Florida 5,000
Alabama 11,020
MAXIFS, MINIFS FORMULA
Typical use cases:

This formula is helpful in determining the minimum or maximum values when you have certain condition
Formula Explanation
Max_range or Min_range The range where we are searching for the minimum or maximum value.
Criteria_range1 The range of the criteria where we want to search for the result.
Criteria1
The item we are looking for in the criteria range which meets the minim
Both the MINIFS and MAXIFS formula are the same structurally:
Example #1:
The Financial Analyst at a car dealership wants to know the smallest and largest sales were by Branch loca
Solution #1:
Using the MINIFS and MAXIFS formula, the Analyst can perform a lookup against the sales revenue colum
brach location.
In this example, the min and max ranges are the sales revenue column, the critieria range is the car deale
depending on the branch being looked up. For instance for the first formula, the Washington branch is th
branch is the criteria, and so on.
Below is the summary of the results found.
Branch MINIFS
Washington $ 57.00
Alabama $ 28.80
California $ 7.00
Florida $ 21.20
Example #2:
Next, the Financial Analyst wants to know what the smallest and largest sale by branch location for the sp
must be met in order to return a result of min or max value.
Solution #2:
Using the MINIFS and MAXIFS formula, the Analyst can perform a lookup against the sales revenue colum
brach location and product description.
In this example, the min and max ranges are the sales revenue column, the critieria 1 range is the car dea
depending on the branch being looked up. For instance for the first formula, the Washington branch is th
branch is the criteria, and so on. The criteria 2 range is the product description and the criteria 2 is speed
analysis on.
Below is the summary of the results found.
Branch Product MINIFS

Washington Speedometer $ 100.00
Alabama Speedometer $ -
California Speedometer $ 45.00
Florida Speedometer $ 54.00
Raw Data:
Date Product Description Car Dealer Branches

1/4/2019 Speedometer Washington
1/9/2019 Quarter panel Alabama
1/16/2019 Speedometer California
1/24/2019 Ignition coil California
2/1/2019 Temperature gauge Florida
2/7/2019 Water temperature meteFlorida
2/16/2019 Rear Right Side Door GlaAlabama
2/22/2019 Window motor Florida
2/28/2019 Rear Left Side Inner doo Alabama
3/3/2019 Radiator core support Alabama
3/6/2019 Bumper Alabama
3/8/2019 Pillar and hard trim Washington
3/9/2019 Tail light Washington
3/11/2019 Speedometer Florida
3/16/2019 Power window switch Alabama
3/28/2019 Performance chip Alabama
3/31/2019 Transmission computer Florida
4/5/2019 Speedometer calibrator Alabama
IFS FORMULA
you have certain conditions that need to be applied in a scenario.
nimum or maximum value.

earch for the result.
nge which meets the minimum or maximum value.
st sales were by Branch location. The sales ledger is below under raw data.
inst the sales revenue column of the sales ledger, and apply the criteria for
tieria range is the car dealer branches column, and the criteria varies
he Washington branch is the crtieria, for the second instance, the Alabama
MAXIFS
$ 4,928.00
$ 1,664.00
$ 1,100.00
$ 460.00
y branch location for the speedometer product. Therefore, two conditions
inst the sales revenue column of the sales ledger, and apply the criteria for
tieria 1 range is the car dealer branches column, and the criteria 1 varies
he Washington branch is the crtieria, for the second instance, the Alabama
n and the criteria 2 is speedometer since that is the item we want to perform
MAXIFS
$ 100.00
$ -
$ 1,100.00
$ 460.00
Sales Price Quantity Sold Sales Revenue

$ 20.00 5 $ 100.0
$ 44.60 7 $ 312.2
$ 15.00 3 $ 45.0
$ 1.00 7 $ 7.0
$ 21.00 13 $ 273.0
$ 12.50 5 $ 62.5
$ 5.30 4 $ 21.2
$ 44.00 7 $ 308.0
$ 18.66 3 $ 56.0
$ 3.60 8 $ 28.8
$ 26.00 64 $ 1,664.0
$ 90.00 1 $ 90.0
$ 88.00 56 $ 4,928.0
$ 19.00 3 $ 57.0
$ 20.00 23 $ 460.0
$ 18.00 3 $ 54.0
$ 16.00 23 $ 368.0
$ 33.20 3 $ 99.6
$ 100.00 11 $ 1,100.0
$ 60.00 1 $ 60.0
$ 34.50 7 $ 241.5
$ 77.20 7 $ 540.4
IF FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The IF function is used to make a logical comparison between two values either within a formula or by co
arguments of two cells. The IF function then determines whether the argument is TRUE or FALSE.
Formula Explanation
Logical_test (required) The condition you want to test the logic of.
Value_if_true (required) The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is TRUE.
Value_if_false (optional) The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is FALSE.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership has a bidding on its cars and he wants to know if
bidders price or reject it. The General Manager doesn't want to accept any bids lower than the floor price
The Finance Analyst generates from its Bidding Summary the raw data of its floor price versus bid price a
against floor price to determine if it meets the minimum threshold to accept the bid.
Solution:
Using the IF formula, the Analyst determines whether the bid price exceeds the floor price. If the bid price
floor price, the Financial Analyst marks the decision in the decision column as "Accept Offer." If the bid pr
the Financial Analyst marks the decision in the decision column as "Reject Bid."
Decision
Reject Bid
Here,
i. Logical_test formula was used to set a condition that if the floor price exceeds the bid price or vice ver
ii. Value_if_true formula was used to set a decision as "Reject Offer" if bid price is lower than floor price.
iii. Value_if_false formula was used to set a decision as "Accept Offer" if bid price is higher than floor pric
Raw Data with Decisions Based on Floor and Bid Pricing:
Car Model Plate Number Floor Price

Honda Civic PFX213 $ 15,000.00
Audi A3 FJE6034 $ 30,000.00
Honda Ridgeline DNA053 $ 13,000.00
Ford Fiesta SDMJG-24 $ 9,000.00
Audi R8 FJA0-451 $ 25,000.00
Ford Fusion QWO232 $ 23,000.00
Toyota Corolla SJKF033 $ 25,000.00
Toyota Corolla SKF-44 $ 26,500.00
Toyota Camry SMG-153 $ 28,000.00
Honda Accord SDJS111 $ 11,000.00
Subaro Forester SFLR565 $ 12,000.00
Subaru Trezia OHP563 $ 22,900.00
Audi Roadster GDEK-503 $ 19,500.00
Suzuki Swift AKG-53 $ 6,900.00
Suzuki Jimmy DKG-55 $ 22,300.00
Peugot RCZ DKGLX-111 $ 31,000.00
Peugot 508 GPYU-344 $ 29,500.00
MULA
values either within a formula or by comparison the values /

he argument is TRUE or FALSE.
if the result of logical_test is TRUE.

if the result of logical_test is FALSE.
ng on its cars and he wants to know if he should accept the

cept any bids lower than the floor price.
data of its floor price versus bid price and is told to compare
d to accept the bid.
e exceeds the floor price. If the bid price is higher than the
n column as "Accept Offer." If the bid price is lower than the floor prie,
"Reject Bid."
r price exceeds the bid price or vice versa it will result a decision.
er" if bid price is lower than floor price.
ffer" if bid price is higher than floor price.
Bid Price Decision

$ 10,000.00 Reject Bid
$ 31,000.00 Accept Offer
IF (AND) FORMULA
Typical use cases:

The IF function can be used to perform a logical comparison between two values by testing for a conditio
on whether that condition is TRUE or FALSE. You can also use the AND function, one of the logical functi
function to determine if multiple conditions have been met and return the value TRUE or FALSE accordin
Formula Explanation
Logical_test (required) The condition you want to test.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know which salesperson met the Compa
The sales goal is used to determine which salespersons are eligible for the company bonus of 5%. The sal
criteria which need to be met. The two criteria are:
a) Units sold during the month must exceed 6 cars.
b) Total sales $ must be greater than $10k for the month.
The Finance Analyst produces a sales report from the ERP system with sales by salesperson for the curren
provides details on the number of sales made and total sales dollars.
Solution:
Based on the below analysis, only Erika and Josephine have meet the two criteria and is eligible for the 5%
Inputs
Criteria Amount
Sales Goal $ 10,000
Minimum Cars Sold 6
Commission % 4%
Bonus % 5%
Raw Data:
Salesperson Total Sales Units Sold

Erika Hexacta $ 12,000 8
Evan Alex $ 6,500 7
William Jacobs $ 9,900 6
Adam Benko $ 16,000 2
Josephine London $ 21,000 7
Jenny Tanyo $ 11,000 2
Here,
i. Logical_test (AND) formula was used to set a condition that BOTH criterias should be met
ii. Value_if_true formula was used to calculate the "Bonus" if two criterias was satisfied.
iii. Value_if_false formula was used to set the cell as "0" (Zero) if any or both of the criteria was not satisfi
ND) FORMULA
ween two values by testing for a condition and returning the result based
e AND function, one of the logical functions, in combination with the IF
eturn the value TRUE or FALSE accordingly.

know which salesperson met the Company's sales goal.

le for the company bonus of 5%. The sales goal has two
with sales by salesperson for the current month and the report
the two criteria and is eligible for the 5% month end bonus.
Commission Bonus
$ 480 $ 600
$ 260 $ -
$ 396 $ -
$ 640 $ -
$ 840 $ 1,050
$ 440 $ -
OTH criterias should be met before a value will be set as "true".

criterias was satisfied.
any or both of the criteria was not satisfied.
IF (OR) FORMULA
Typical use cases:

The IF function can be used to perform a logical comparison between two values by testing for a conditio
condition is TRUE or FALSE. You can also use the OR function, one of the logical functions, in combinatio
in a test are TRUE or FALSE.
Formula Explanation
Logical_test (required) The condition you want to test.
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to know which salespersons met any of the
salespersons meet at least one sales target, they are eligible for the month end bonus.
The two critieria are:
a) Units sold during the month must exceed 6 cars.
b) Total sales $ must be greater than $10k for the month.
The Finance Analyst produces a sales report from the ERP system with sales by salesperson for the curren
provides details on the number of sales made and total sales dollars.
Solution:
Based on the below analysis, both Erika and Evan have met at least one of the two sales performance crit
Erika has sold over $10k of cars and 8 units while Evan has only sold $6.5k of cars but has met the minimu
Salesperson Bonus
Erika Salazar $ 600.00
Evan Alex $ 325.00
Inputs:
Criteria Amount
Sales Goal $ 10,000
Minimum Cars Sold 6
Commission % 4%
Bonus % 5%
Raw Data:
Salesperson Total Sales Units Sold

Erika Salazar $ 12,000 8
Evan Alex $ 6,500 7
William Jacobs $ 9,900 5
Arlene Ben $ 9,000 2
Josephine London $ 9,500 4
Jenny Liu $ 4,000 2
Here,
i. Logical_test (OR) formula was used to set a condition that ANY of the criterias should be met before a
ii. Value_if_true formula was used to calculate the "Bonus" if any of the criterias was satisfied.
iii. Value_if_false formula was used to set the cell as "0" (Zero) if both of the criteria was not satisfied.
IF (OR) FORMULA
ween two values by testing for a condition and returning the result based on whether that
e of the logical functions, in combination with the IF function to determine if any conditions

now which salespersons met any of the sales targets. If the

he month end bonus.
with sales by salesperson for the current month and the report
st one of the two sales performance criteria. Therefore, they are both eligible for the month end bonus.
old $6.5k of cars but has met the minimum number of cars sold quota of 6 by selling 7 during the month.
Commission Bonus
$ 480 $ 600
$ 260 $ 325
$ 396 $ -
$ 360 $ -
$ 380 $ -
$ 160 $ -
Y of the criterias should be met before a value will be set as "true".

of the criterias was satisfied.
both of the criteria was not satisfied.
ABS FORMULA
Typical use Cases:

This formula returns the absolute value of a number. The absolute value of a number is the number witho
This can be useful when you are working with debits and credits in a trial balance or general ledger and ju
to find the sum of the numbers, or for other purposes e.g. presentations.
Formula Explanation
Number1… (required) The cell containing the number which you want to perform the ab
Example:
The General Manager of a second-hand car dealership wants to remove the negative sign in its trial balan
The trial balance, located below, shows all of the liability accounts with negative signs/ brackets.
Solution:
In order to remove the negative bracket sign, the General Manager just needs to use the absolute formul
Account Name Consolidated Balance

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE $ -295,379,647
Here,
i. ABS(number) formula was used to removed any negative signs from the Company's Trial Balance.
TRIAL BALANCE
Account Code Account Name
2105 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE-TRADE
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE-TRADE
2130 ACCRUED EXPENSES
ACCRUED EXPENSES
2110 WITHHOLDING TAX PAYABLES
2111 CREDITABLE WITHHOLDING TAX (SUPPLIER)
2112 EXPANDED WITHHOLDING TAX PAYABLES
2113 ROYALTY TAX PAYABLE
2114A MINIMUM CORPORATE INCOME TAX PAYABLE
2115 OUTPUT TAX PAYABLE
2120 SSS, MEDICARE AND ECC PAYABLES
2121 PAG-IBIG/HDMF PAYABLE
2123 SSS LOAN PAYABLE
2124 HDMF LOAN PAYABLE
PAYABLE TO REGULATORY AGENCY
2109 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE-OTHERS
2145 DUE TO OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES
2150.2 DUE TO/FROM MEPEO-EMC
2126 CAR LOAN PAYABLE
2155 ADVANCES FROM BUYERS
OTHER PAYABLES
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
ABS FORMULA
number is the number without its positive or negative integer signs.

nce or general ledger and just need the number to appear in one direction
you want to perform the absolute formula on.
egative sign in its trial balance for presentation purposes.

ve signs/ brackets.
s to use the absolute formula and click on the number cell.
Absolute Value
$ 295,379,647
ompany's Trial Balance.
Alabama Branch California Branch Consolidated Balance Absolute Value

(295,369,843) (9,804) (295,379,647) 295,379,647
(295,369,843) (9,804) (295,379,647) 295,379,647
(10,799,079) (5,633,542) (16,432,621) 16,432,621
(10,799,079) (5,633,542) (16,432,621) 16,432,621
(74,086) (60,386) (134,471) 134,471
(34,358) 10,852 (23,507) 23,507
(31,051) (14,207,291) (14,238,342) 14,238,342
- (25,999,746) (25,999,746) 25,999,746
- - - -
(1,766,286) (1,766,286) 1,766,286
- - - -
- - - -
- (1,873) (1,873) 1,873
- 804 804 804
(1,905,781) (40,257,640) (42,163,421) 42,165,029
(12,144,007) - (12,144,007) 12,144,007
(272,593) (59,204) (331,797) 331,797
- - -
(7,241,927) (7,241,927) 7,241,927
(1,074,843) (31,306,367) (32,381,210) 32,381,210
(20,733,370) (31,365,570) (52,098,941) 52,098,941
(626,083,697) (77,276,361) (701,454,277) 701,454,277
ROUND, ROUNDUP and ROUNDDOW
Typical use cases:

The round function is used to round numbers to the a whole number or decimal.
Formula Explanation
Number (required) The number that you want to round.
Num_digits (required) The number of digits to which you want to round the number.
Example #1:
The University of Waterloo is reviewing student admissions into it's undergraduate program based on hig
for students who had applied. Their IT system does not accept decimals. They would like to round the gra
Additionally, the School Board is contemplating changing its policy to round down or round up the grade
the average will be affected overall if they change the policy.
Solution #1:
Using the round, roundup, and rounddown formula, the Analyst at the University can calculate the round
database of average grades as the source. The results are below.
Table
Subject Average Grade

Math 89.5
Reading 69.1
Accounting 90.9
Natural Science 88.8
Sciences 81.4
Physical Education 69.4
Spanish 84.6
Average: 82
Here,
i. Round formula was used to make a number with decimal simple by rounding it to the nearest ten.
ii. Roundup formula was used to make a number with decimal point higher or equal to .5 to be rounded
ii. Rounddown formula was used to make a number with decimal point lower or equal to .4 to be rounde
Example #2:
The Data Scientist at Google is often analyzing cost per click data and conversion rates across the world.
often needs to round decimals to the nearest 1 decimal point, 2 decimal points, nearest hundred or thou
helpful if there was a cheat sheet of rounding formula in excel to reference to in order to complete this ta
Solution:
The Data Scientist created the below cheat sheet as a reference on the rounding formula.
Round Type Formula

Round to nearest dollar =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,0)
Round to nearest 1 decimal place =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,1)
Round to nearest 2 decimal places =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,2)
Round up to nearest dollar =ROUNDUP(REFERENCE CELL,0)
Round down to nearest dollar =ROUNDDOWN(REFERENCE CELL,0)
Round to the nearest 10 =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,-1)
Round to the nearest 100 =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,-2)
Round to the nearest 1,000 =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,-3)
Round to the nearest 1,000,000 =ROUND(REFERENCE CELL,-6)
UNDUP and ROUNDDOWN FORMULA
want to round the number.
raduate program based on high school grades

hey would like to round the grades to the nearest dollar.
nd down or round up the grades and wants to know whether
versity can calculate the rounded numbers using the original
Round Roundup Rounddown

90 90 89
69 70 69
91 91 90
89 89 88
81 82 81
69 70 69
85 85 84
82 82 81
ding it to the nearest ten.

r or equal to .5 to be rounded to the next ten.
wer or equal to .4 to be rounded to the prior of ten.
ersion rates across the world. The Data Scientist

oints, nearest hundred or thousand. It would be very
to in order to complete this task depending on the requirement.
nding formula.
Example Raw Data Example with Rounding Formula

$ 1,000.6000 $ 1,001.00
$ 100.6600 $ 100.70
$ 100.6690 $ 100.67
$ 1,000.6000 $ 1,001.00
$ 1,000.6000 $ 1,000.00
$ 223,436.3422 $ 223,440.00
$ 223,436.3422 $ 223,400.00
$ 223,436.3422 $ 223,000.00
$ 223,436.3422 $ 220,000.00
$ 223,436.3422 $ 200,000.00
$ 1,223,436.3422 $ 1,000,000.00
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) FOR
Typical use cases:

To determine the present value of future cash flows on an investment and thereby how much money it w
Formula Explanation
Rate The discount rate to be used in the calculation to discount future cash flo
Value The amount of cash flows that will be returned by the investment
Using simple math, let's understand how he NPV formula works:

NPV = - (initial cash outflow) + (sum of discounted future cash flows)
NPV = - (initial cash outflow) + ( (cash inflow year 1) / (1 + discount rate) ) + ( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + d
Example:
An investment firm is contemplating investing in a high tech company with its capital of $120,000. Profi
It wants a return of 1% per month and therefore this should be used as the discount rate. What is the N
Discount Rate 1%
Month Amount of Undiscounted Future Cash

Flows
1 25000
2 25000
3 25000
4 25000
5 25000
6 25000
7 25000
8 25000
9 25000
10 25000
11 25000
12 25000
Total 300000
Upfront cost (120,000)
Solution
The Analyst at the investment firm calculates NPV as follows:
NPV Calculation $161,377
Another way to calculate this manually, one month at a time to break down the future cash flows, is to
takes the future cash flow of the specific month and discounts it by the discount rate of 1% for month o
The sum of the discounted future cash flows is $281,377. The initial investment was $120,000. Therefor
Month Discounted Cash Flows

1 24,752
2 24,507
3 24,265
4 24,025
5 23,787
6 23,551
7 23,318
8 23,087
9 22,858
10 22,632
11 22,408
12 22,186
Total 281,377
NPV 161,377
Let's illustrate how discounting works so that it's clear how to determine the present value of future ca
expected each month, then the value of money received in month 2 is not as valuable as money receive
valuable as the money received in month 1 through 11. The present value of the 1% in month 0 is 1% b
it is worth 0.89%. We can see the effect this has on the future cash flows per month below.
Month Discount Rate
1 1%
2 1%
3 1%
4 1%
5 1%
6 1%
7 1%
8 1%
9 1%
10 1%
11 1%
12 1%
Total
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) FORMULA
estment and thereby how much money it will return over the term for decision making purposes.
in the calculation to discount future cash flows

t will be returned by the investment
scount rate) ) + ( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + discount rate) )…etc, depending on number of years of future cash inflows
company with its capital of $120,000. Profits for the next five years are expected to be the below amounts.
be used as the discount rate. What is the NPV?
Rate
Undiscounted future cash flows
Initial investment
=NPV(D24,D27:D38)+D41
to break down the future cash flows, is to discount each month individually as follows. The below table
ts it by the discount rate of 1% for month one. A discount rate of 1% is then applied twice to the second month.
e initial investment was $120,000. Therefore, NPV is $161.377.
=NPV!D23/(1+$D$20)^C47
o determine the present value of future cash flows. If each period has a discount rate of 1%, i.e. a 1% return is
month 2 is not as valuable as money received in month 1. Similarly, money received in month 12 is not as
present value of the 1% in month 0 is 1% but in month 1 it is 0.99%, month 2 it is 0.98% and month 12
e cash flows per month below.
Present Value
Present Value % Present value of 1%
$
99% 0.99% $24,752.48
98% 0.98% $24,507.40
97% 0.97% $24,264.75
96% 0.96% $24,024.51
95% 0.95% $23,786.64
94% 0.94% $23,551.13
93% 0.93% $23,317.95
92% 0.92% $23,087.08
91% 0.91% $22,858.50
91% 0.91% $22,632.17
90% 0.90% $22,408.09
89% 0.89% $22,186.23
$281,376.94
e cash inflows
INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN
Typical use cases:

To determine the discount rate which makes the NPV equal to zero. If you calculate the IRR and it is greater than
accept the project as an investment. Higher IRR projects have higher growth potential.
Formula Explanation
Rate In the IRR calculation, the discount rate is not known and is a variable that is bei
Value The amount of cash flows that will be returned by the investment
Recall that the NPV formula was as follows:

NPV = - (initial cash outflow) + (sum of discounted future cash flows)
NPV = - (initial cash outflow) + ( (cash inflow year 1) / (1 + discount rate) ) + ( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + discoun
The IRR formula is similar to the NPV formula except the NPV is replaced with zero and the rate of return is an u
0 = - (initial cash outflow) + (sum of discounted future cash flows)
0 = - (initial cash outflow) + ( (cash inflow year 1) / (1 + discount rate) ) + ( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + discount ra
Note:
- In the case of calculating the NPV, the discount rate is known as it is considered the expected rate of return on
- Conversely, in the case of calculating the IRR, the discount rate to make NPV zero is not initially known. That is
we can then compare the IRR % to the NPV discount rate %. If it is higher than the acceptable rate of return, th
- 'If a project is undertaken, and the IRR is equal to the company's cost of capital (acceptable discount rate), it m
of capital and no accretion is given to shareholder value. Therefore, IRR must be higher than the cost of capital i
For example, if a company's weighted average cost of capital is 8% and the IRR is 7%, the project showing a pot
company more money through its debt and equity financing than it would yield beneift.
IRR can be calculated in Excel using the XIRR formula. XIRR is more accurate than the IRR function in Excel. IRR i
specific dates to be considered.
Values (required) Amount of cash flows returned

Dates (required) The dates the cash flow will be realized
Guess (optional) Guess means the assumption of users about the possible internal rate of return.
Example #1:
Assume upfront investment on a project is $100 and the return in year 1 is $120. The company's cost of capital i
Solution #1:
NPV: IRR (Manual Calculation) IRR Excel Calculation
NPV = -(100) + (120/(1+8%)) 0 = -(100) + (120/(1+R%)) Date
11.11 100 = 120/(1+R%) 1-Jan-19
100/120 = 1/(1+R%) 1-Jan-20
0.833 = 1/1+R% IRR:
0.833(1 + R%) = 1
1 + R% = 1/0.83
R% = 1/0.833 - 1
R% = 0.20 or 20%
Therefore, since the IRR is 20% and the company's cost of capital is 8%, they should pursue this project.
Example 2:
The upfront investment on a project is $120k. The company's weighted average cost of capital is 8%. The timin
company accept the project?
Solution #2:
Discount Rate 8.00%
Amount of Undiscounted
Month
Future Cash Flows
2020/01/01 (120,000) Upfront Cost
2021/01/01 10,000 Cash inflow
2022/01/01 10,000 Cash inflow
2023/01/01 10,000 Cash inflow
2024/01/01 15,000 Cash inflow
2025/01/01 15,000 Cash inflow
2026/01/01 15,000 Cash inflow
2027/01/01 18,000 Cash inflow
2028/01/01 18,000 Cash inflow
2029/01/01 18,000 Cash inflow
2030/01/01 24,000 Cash inflow
2031/01/01 24,000 Cash inflow
2032/01/01 24,000 Cash inflow
Total 201,000 Total cash inflow
Net cash flow 81,000

NPV Calculation (3,370)
IRR 7.53%
Therefore, the IRR of 7.53% is less than the discount rate of 8% and the project should not be pursured. The N
future cash flows.
Example #3:
Applebranch & Co. made two investments named Zebra and Xacto. Owners of the company want to find out t
The cash flows along with dates of returns are given below:
Particulars Investment 1 - Zebra Zebra Discounted
Date Cash flows

Investment 2012/01/01 (15,000)
Cash inflows 2012/04/05 4,000
Cash inflows 2012/10/22 2,500
Cash inflows 2012/11/02 1,200
Cash inflows 2012/12/12 6,000
Cash inflows 2012/12/29 3,150
NPV 1,850
Solution #3:
XIRR (for investment 1) 16.57%
XIRR (for investment 2) 1.26%
Example #4:
A company is considering two mutually exclusive investment options, Option A and Option B. The cash flows f
Year Particulars Option A

0 Capital Outlay (10,200)
1 Net cash inflow 6,000
Which option (A or B) will be preferred by using IRR as the basis of decision making?
Solution #4:
(i) Manual method

We can calculate the IRR manually using the following formula:
IRR=A+(P/(P+N))*(B-A)
Where,
A is the (lower) rate of return with a positive NPV
B is the (higher) rate of return with a negative NPV
P is the value of the positive NPV
N is the absolute value of the negative NPV
We also have to use discount factor which is formulated by 1/(1+r)^n
Step 1: Finding two NPV (a negative value that is close to zero and a positive value that is close to zero) by usin
Step 2: Calculating the IRR by using above formula with NPVs and discount rate.
For Option A
Here, the total receipts are 14,000 (6,000+5,000+3,000) giving a total profit of 3,800 and average profit of 1,26
(opening + closing / 2) is $5,100. The average return is $1,267/$5,100= 25%. We can take two third of ARR for
approximately 17%.
Year Cash flows Discount factor (17%)
0 (10,200) 1.00
1 6,000 0.85
2 5,000 0.73
3 3,000 0.62
NPV
The IRR must be less than 22%, but higher than 17%.
Here, IRR= 20%
Formula: {17%+(454/(454+271))*(22%-17%)}
For Option B
Here, the total receipts are $48,000 (18,000+15,000+15,000) giving a total profit of $12,750 and average profi
$16,000. The ARR is $4,250/$16,000= 27%. We can take two third of ARR for the initial estimate of the IRR tha
Year Cash flows Discount factor (17%)
0 (35,250) 1
1 18,000 1
2 15,000 1
3 15,000 1
NPV
The IRR must be less than 18%, but higher than17%.
Here, IRR= 18%
Formula: {17%+(458/(458+94))*(18%-17%)}
(ii) IRR calculation by Excel

The calculation of IRR is given below:
Year Particulars Option A

0 Capital Outlay (10,200)
IRR 20%
Here, Option A is the profitable Option, because it gives higher IRR than Option B.
* Here, the formula used is =IRR(B24:B34)
Example #5:
Hazzard Group is considering a proposal to purchase and install a new machine at a cost of $50,000. The mach
The company's tax rate is 35%. Assume the company uses straight line depreciation and the same is allowed fo
before tax from the investment proposal are as follows:
Year 1 2
Cash flows $ 10,000 $ 10,692
Depreciation $ 8,000 $ 8,000
The Company's weighted average cost of capital is 6%. The Company would like to make an investment decisio
Solution #5:
Calculation of profit after tax:
Year Profit before depreciation Depreciation

and tax
1 10,000 8,000
2 10,692 8,000
3 12,769 8,000
4 13,462 8,000
5 20,385 8,000
Calculation of Internal Rate of Return:
Year Profit before depreciation Add back: Depreciation
1/1/2017 (50,000) -
1/8/2017 - 7,000
1/15/2017 450 8,000
1/22/2017 1,800 8,000
1/29/2017 2,250 8,000
2/5/2017 6,750 8,000
IRR
Therefore, The proposal should be accepted as the IRR at 8% is higher than Company weighted average cost o
INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
u calculate the IRR and it is greater than your expected rate of return (discount rate) then you should
wth potential.
not known and is a variable that is being solved for.

urned by the investment
) + ( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + discount rate) )…etc, depending on number of years of future cash inflows
with zero and the rate of return is an unknown and replaced with the "IRR" variable to find. Therefore:
( (cash inflow year 2) / (1 + discount rate) )…etc, depending on number of years of future cash inflows
nsidered the expected rate of return on the investment

NPV zero is not initially known. That is the value we are seeking to understand. Once we have it,
r than the acceptable rate of return, then it is a good investment decision.
capital (acceptable discount rate), it means the present value of future cash flows is only covering the cost
must be higher than the cost of capital in order to have a project that will create value to shareholders.
he IRR is 7%, the project showing a potential IRR of 7% should be declined because it would cost the
d yield beneift.
ate than the IRR function in Excel. IRR in Excel considers all time periods equal whereas XIRR allows for
out the possible internal rate of return.
s $120. The company's cost of capital is 8%. What is the NPV and IRR?
Cash flow
-100
120
20%
hey should pursue this project.
average cost of capital is 8%. The timing of future cash flows is in the below table. Should the
project should not be pursured. The NPV is negative even though it yields positive total undiscounted
ners of the company want to find out that which investment provided them more return.
Investment 2 - Xacto Xacto Discounted
Date Cash flows

2020/01/01 (20,000)
2021/01/01 3,500
2022/01/01 4,280
2023/01/01 3,500
2024/01/01 3,860
2025/01/01 5,670
NPV 810
ption A and Option B. The cash flows for each are as follows:
Option B
(35,250)
18,000
15,000
15,000
ion making?
itive value that is close to zero) by using discounted cash flows.

unt rate.
ofit of 3,800 and average profit of 1,267 per year. The average investment
25%. We can take two third of ARR for the initial estimate of the IRR that will be
Discount Factor
Present value Present value
(22%)
(10,200) 1.00 (10,200)
5,128 0.82 4,918
3,653 0.67 3,359
1,873 0.55 1,652
454 NPV (271)
tal profit of $12,750 and average profit of $4,250. The average investment is
R for the initial estimate of the IRR that will be approximately 18%.
Discount factor
Present value Present value
(18%)
(35,250) 1.00 (35,250)
15,385 0.85 15,254
10,958 0.72 10,773
9,366 0.61 9,129
458 NPV (94)
Option B
(35,250)
18,000
15,000
15,000
18%
Option B.
machine at a cost of $50,000. The machine has life expectancy of five years and no salvage value.
epreciation and the same is allowed for tax purposes. The estimated profit before depreciation and
3 4 5
$ 12,769 $ 13,462 $ 20,385
$ 8,000 $ 8,000 $ 8,000
ould like to make an investment decision using IRR.
Profit after depreciation Tax (@35%) Profit after tax
2,000 700 1,300

2,692 942 1,750
4,769 1,669 3,100
5,462 1,912 3,550
12,385 4,335 8,050
Total $ 17,750
Value of future cash flows
(50,000)
7,000
8,450
9,800
10,250
14,750
8%
han Company weighted average cost of capital of 6%.

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
Conflict between NPV and IRR

NPV and IRR will provide the same indicator about the decision of accept or rejection of the project. Ho
conflicting results while comparing two or more projects. For instance, one may show a higher NPV whi
This difference occurs due to the different cash flow patterns in the two projects.
Example
An example of this conflicting situation is given below.
Discount rate 10%
Year Cash flows

(Project 1)
0 (50,000)
1 22,500
2 17,500
3 21,000
4 19,000
5 20,000
NPV 23,719
IRR 29%
When a company faces this type of situation, they should choose the project that has the higher NPV. T
reinvestment assumption. In other words, there is an assumption in our calculation that the cash flows
used in the calculation. For NPV, the implicit reinvestment rate assumption is 10%. However, in IRR, the
or 25% between the two investments. The reinvestment rate of 29% or 25% in IRR is high and unrealisti
the NPV results superior than the IRR results. In this example, project 2 should be chosen.
RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
accept or rejection of the project. However, the NPV and IRR may provide
nce, one may show a higher NPV while the other has a higher IRR and vice versa.
e two projects.
Cash flows
(Project 2)
(50,000)
-
-
-
-
150,000
39,217
25%
he project that has the higher NPV. This is because there is an inherent
n our calculation that the cash flows will be reinvested at the same discount rate
umption is 10%. However, in IRR, the implicit reinvestment rate assumption is 29%
% or 25% in IRR is high and unrealistic when we compare it to the NPV. This makes
ect 2 should be chosen.
PMT FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Formula Explanation
Rate (required) The interest rate for the loan.
Nper (required) The total number of payments for the loan.
Pv (required) The present value, or the total amount that a series of future
Fv (optional) The future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after th
be 0 (zero), that is, the future value of a loan is 0.
Type (optional) The number 0 (zero) or 1 and indicates when payments are du
(one) for "at the beginning of the period"
Formula:
Example:
On January 1, 2020 Jupiter Company bought equipment through loan for $1,000,000. The Loan has differ
rates differ depending on the option selected. The loan financing company needs to provide the monthly
borrower.
Formula Option A
Loan Amount pv $ 1,000,000
Annual Interest Rate 5.00%
Payments per Year 12
Interest Rate per Period Rate 0.42%
Number of Years 6
Total Payments nper 72
Contribute @ Beginning
(1) or End (0) of the Period Type 1
Solution:
The below table provides insight into the monthly, annual, and total payment requirements while taking
interest. The payment formula is used to calculate the payments made monthly based on the interest rate
Monthly Payments $ 16,038.11

Annual Payments $ 192,457.29
Total Payments $ 1,154,743.72
$ 154,743.72
25,790.62
PMT FORMULA
nts and a constant interest rate.
or the loan.
of payments for the loan.
, or the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now; also known as the principal.
or a cash balance you want to attain after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to
s, the future value of a loan is 0.
ro) or 1 and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero) for when "at the end of the period" and 1
beginning of the period"
ugh loan for $1,000,000. The Loan has different options available as per the below table. Interest
cing company needs to provide the monthly, annual, and total payment information to the
Option B Option C
$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000
5.00% 10.00%
12 12
0.42% 0.83%
6 20
72 240
0 1
nd total payment requirements while taking into consideration the paydown of principal and
nts made monthly based on the interest rate, loan amount, and number of periods.
$ 16,104.93 $ 9,570.46
$ 193,259.19 $ 114,845.55
$ 1,159,555.15 $ 2,296,911.02
$ 159,555.15 $ 1,296,911.02
26,592.53 64,845.55
PPMT FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The PPMT function calculates the principal payment of a given period for an investment or loan based on peri
Formula Explanation
Rate (required) This is the interest rate per period
Per (required) The period for which you want to find the principal and must be in the range 1 to
Nper (required) The total number of payment periods in the annuity.
Pv (required) The present value is the amount the amount that the sum of the future payments
Fv (optional) The future value, or a cash balance you want to attain, after the last payment is ma
Type (optional) The number 0 (zero) or 1 and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero) for when
period"
Example:
On January 1, 2020 FlexCo acquired equipment through a loan for $1,000,000. The loan is payable depending
varies by option from 5% to 10%. The individual applying for the loan would like to understand what the princ
Formula
Loan Amount pv
Annual Interest Rate
Payments per Year
Interest Rate per Period Rate
Number of Years
Total Payments nper
Contribute @ Beginning
or End of the Year Type
Solution:
The PPMT formula can be used to calculate the principal payment due under each of the loan options. In our s
In our formula is as follows:

=PPMT(E28,E42,E30,-E25,0,E31)
Type - beginning of year or end of year

Future value
Loan amount
Total number of payments in the loan
Period to find the principal
Interest Rate per Period
What Period?
Monthly Principal Payments
PPMT FORMULA
ayment of a given period for an investment or loan based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
st rate per period

hich you want to find the principal and must be in the range 1 to nper.
r of payment periods in the annuity.
e is the amount the amount that the sum of the future payments is worth today.
or a cash balance you want to attain, after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0
ero) or 1 and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero) for when "at the end of the period" and 1 (one) for "at the beginning of the
ent through a loan for $1,000,000. The loan is payable depending on the options selected below. The rate of interest
ual applying for the loan would like to understand what the principal payment looks like under each of the options.
Option A Option B
$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000
5.00% 8.00%
12 12
0.42% 0.67%
6 12
72 144
1 0
he principal payment due under each of the loan options. In our solution we use the 12th month as the example period.
g of year or end of year
payments in the loan

12 12
$ 12,445.12 $ 4,473.14
nts and a constant interest rate.
is assumed to be 0
riod" and 1 (one) for "at the beginning of the
ed below. The rate of interest

ke under each of the options.
Option C
$ 1,000,000
10.00%
12
0.83%
20
240
2th month as the example period.

12
$ 1,442.76
Application of PMT, IPMT & PPMT
Formula Review:
PMT Formula: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest ra
IPMT Formula: The IPMT formula returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment base
a constant interest rate.
PPMT Formula: The PPMT function calculates the principal payment of a given period for an investment
a constant interest rate.
Example:
On January 1, 2020 Flexco purchased equipment through loan for $1,000,000 which is payable under a fe
vary between 5% and 10%. The loan applicant has decided that they would like to pursue the loan arrang
table.
Formula
Loan Amount pv
Annual Interest Rate
Payments per Year
Interest Rate per Period Rate
Number of Years
Total Payments nper
Contribute @ Beginning or End of the
Year Type
Solution:
What Period?
Monthly Payment
Payment Applicable to Interest
Payment Applicable to Principal
Using the PMT, IPMT and PPMT formula in excel, we can create the amortization table below for loan opt
the interest, and PMT calculates the blended payment.
Period Periodic Payment

0 -
1 $ 16,038.11
2 $ 16,038.11
3 $ 16,038.11
4 $ 16,038.11
5 $ 16,038.11
6 $ 16,038.11
7 $ 16,038.11
8 $ 16,038.11
9 $ 16,038.11
10 $ 16,038.11
11 $ 16,038.11
12 $ 16,038.11
13 $ 16,038.11
14 $ 16,038.11
15 $ 16,038.11
16 $ 16,038.11
17 $ 16,038.11
18 $ 16,038.11
19 $ 16,038.11
20 $ 16,038.11
21 $ 16,038.11
22 $ 16,038.11
23 $ 16,038.11
24 $ 16,038.11
25 $ 16,038.11
26 $ 16,038.11
27 $ 16,038.11
28 $ 16,038.11
29 $ 16,038.11
30 $ 16,038.11
31 $ 16,038.11
32 $ 16,038.11
33 $ 16,038.11
34 $ 16,038.11
35 $ 16,038.11
36 $ 16,038.11
37 $ 16,038.11
38 $ 16,038.11
39 $ 16,038.11
40 $ 16,038.11
41 $ 16,038.11
42 $ 16,038.11
43 $ 16,038.11
44 $ 16,038.11
45 $ 16,038.11
46 $ 16,038.11
47 $ 16,038.11
48 $ 16,038.11
49 $ 16,038.11
50 $ 16,038.11
51 $ 16,038.11
52 $ 16,038.11
53 $ 16,038.11
54 $ 16,038.11
55 $ 16,038.11
56 $ 16,038.11
57 $ 16,038.11
58 $ 16,038.11
59 $ 16,038.11
60 $ 16,038.11
61 $ 16,038.11
62 $ 16,038.11
63 $ 16,038.11
64 $ 16,038.11
65 $ 16,038.11
66 $ 16,038.11
67 $ 16,038.11
68 $ 16,038.11
69 $ 16,038.11
70 $ 16,038.11
71 $ 16,038.11
72 $ 16,038.11
Application of PMT, IPMT & PPMT
constant payments and a constant interest rate.

ment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and
payment of a given period for an investment or loan based on periodic, constant payments and
an for $1,000,000 which is payable under a few options. The loan options have interest rates which
hat they would like to pursue the loan arrangement under option A and asks for the amortization
Option A Option B Option C

$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000
5.00% 8.00% 10.00%
12 12 12
0.42% 0.67% 0.83%
6 12 20
72 144 240
1 0 0
12 11 5
$ 16,038.11 $ 10,824.53 $ 9,650.22
$ 3,592.98 $ 6,381.01 $ 8,288.89
$ 12,445.12 $ 4,443.52 $ 1,361.33
ate the amortization table below for loan option A. PPMT calculates the principal, IPMT calculates
Principal Interest Balance

- - $ 1,000,000
$ 16,038.11 $ - $ 983,961.89
$ 11,938.27 $ 4,099.84 $ 972,023.63
$ 11,988.01 $ 4,050.10 $ 960,035.62
$ 12,037.96 $ 4,000.15 $ 947,997.66
$ 12,088.12 $ 3,949.99 $ 935,909.54
$ 12,138.48 $ 3,899.62 $ 923,771.06
$ 12,189.06 $ 3,849.05 $ 911,582.00
$ 12,239.85 $ 3,798.26 $ 899,342.15
$ 12,290.85 $ 3,747.26 $ 887,051.30
$ 12,342.06 $ 3,696.05 $ 874,709.24
$ 12,393.49 $ 3,644.62 $ 862,315.75
$ 12,445.12 $ 3,592.98 $ 849,870.63
$ 12,496.98 $ 3,541.13 $ 837,373.65
$ 12,549.05 $ 3,489.06 $ 824,824.60
$ 12,601.34 $ 3,436.77 $ 812,223.26
$ 12,653.84 $ 3,384.26 $ 799,569.42
$ 12,706.57 $ 3,331.54 $ 786,862.85
$ 12,759.51 $ 3,278.60 $ 774,103.34
$ 12,812.68 $ 3,225.43 $ 761,290.66
$ 12,866.06 $ 3,172.04 $ 748,424.60
$ 12,919.67 $ 3,118.44 $ 735,504.93
$ 12,973.50 $ 3,064.60 $ 722,531.42
$ 13,027.56 $ 3,010.55 $ 709,503.86
$ 13,081.84 $ 2,956.27 $ 696,422.02
$ 13,136.35 $ 2,901.76 $ 683,285.67
$ 13,191.08 $ 2,847.02 $ 670,094.59
$ 13,246.05 $ 2,792.06 $ 656,848.54
$ 13,301.24 $ 2,736.87 $ 643,547.31
$ 13,356.66 $ 2,681.45 $ 630,190.65
$ 13,412.31 $ 2,625.79 $ 616,778.33
$ 13,468.20 $ 2,569.91 $ 603,310.14
$ 13,524.31 $ 2,513.79 $ 589,785.82
$ 13,580.67 $ 2,457.44 $ 576,205.15
$ 13,637.25 $ 2,400.85 $ 562,567.90
$ 13,694.07 $ 2,344.03 $ 548,873.83
$ 13,751.13 $ 2,286.97 $ 535,122.69
$ 13,808.43 $ 2,229.68 $ 521,314.27
$ 13,865.96 $ 2,172.14 $ 507,448.30
$ 13,923.74 $ 2,114.37 $ 493,524.56
$ 13,981.75 $ 2,056.35 $ 479,542.81
$ 14,040.01 $ 1,998.10 $ 465,502.79
$ 14,098.51 $ 1,939.59 $ 451,404.28
$ 14,157.26 $ 1,880.85 $ 437,247.03
$ 14,216.24 $ 1,821.86 $ 423,030.78
$ 14,275.48 $ 1,762.63 $ 408,755.30
$ 14,334.96 $ 1,703.15 $ 394,420.34
$ 14,394.69 $ 1,643.42 $ 380,025.65
$ 14,454.67 $ 1,583.44 $ 365,570.99
$ 14,514.89 $ 1,523.21 $ 351,056.09
$ 14,575.37 $ 1,462.73 $ 336,480.72
$ 14,636.10 $ 1,402.00 $ 321,844.61
$ 14,697.09 $ 1,341.02 $ 307,147.53
$ 14,758.33 $ 1,279.78 $ 292,389.20
$ 14,819.82 $ 1,218.29 $ 277,569.38
$ 14,881.57 $ 1,156.54 $ 262,687.81
$ 14,943.57 $ 1,094.53 $ 247,744.24
$ 15,005.84 $ 1,032.27 $ 232,738.40
$ 15,068.36 $ 969.74 $ 217,670.03
$ 15,131.15 $ 906.96 $ 202,538.89
$ 15,194.20 $ 843.91 $ 187,344.69
$ 15,257.50 $ 780.60 $ 172,087.19
$ 15,321.08 $ 717.03 $ 156,766.11
$ 15,384.92 $ 653.19 $ 141,381.19
$ 15,449.02 $ 589.09 $ 125,932.18
$ 15,513.39 $ 524.72 $ 110,418.79
$ 15,578.03 $ 460.08 $ 94,840.76
$ 15,642.94 $ 395.17 $ 79,197.82
$ 15,708.12 $ 329.99 $ 63,489.70
$ 15,773.57 $ 264.54 $ 47,716.14
$ 15,839.29 $ 198.82 $ 31,876.85
$ 15,905.29 $ 132.82 $ 15,971.56
$ 15,971.56 $ 66.55 $ 0.00
IPMT FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The IPMT formula returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, co
constant interest rate.
Formula Explanation
Rate (required) The interest rate per period
Per (required) The period number for which you want to find the interest.
Nper (required) The total number of payment periods in the annuity.
The present value, or the lump-sum amount that a series of future payments is w
Pv (required) the loan amount.
Fv (optional) The future value, or a cash balance after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted
Type (optional) The number 0 (zero) or 1 and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero) for whe
and 1 (one) for "at the beginning of the period"
Example:
On January 1, 2020 Davidson and Co. acquired equipment through loan for $1,000,000 payable. The loan
available (A,B,C below) which vary in interest rate (5% to 10%) and length.
Formula Option A Option B

Loan Amount pv $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000
Annual Interest Rate 5.00% 8.00%
Payments per Year 12 12
Interest Rate per Perio Rate 0.42% 0.67%
Number of Years 6 12
Total Payments nper 72 144
Contribute @
Beginning or End of
the Year Type 1 0
Davidson & Co. would like to know what the interest payment would be in the 12th month of the first ye
Solution:
We can use the IPMT formula to determine the amount of interest payment in the 12th month under eac
What Period? 12 12
Monthly Interest Payments $ 3,592.98 $ 6,351.39
ent based on periodic, constant payments and a
s of future payments is worth right now. Also, this is
nt is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0

are due. 0 (zero) for when "at the end of the period"
00,000 payable. The loan has different loan options
Option C
$ 1,000,000
10.00%
12
0.83%
20
240
12th month of the first year
he 12th month under each loan option.
12
$ 8,207.46
EFFECT FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

Returns the effective annual interest rate, given the nominal annual interest rate and the number of comp
The effective annual interest rate is the interest rate that is earned or paid over the life of an investment. I
because it takes into consideration compounding while the nominal interest rate does not. Therefore effe
nominal interest rate.
Formula Explanation
Nominal_rate (required) The nominal interest rate.
Npery (required) The number of compounding periods per year.
Formula:
Excel
Example:
On January 1, 2020 Davidson & Co. acquired equipment through loan for $1,000,000 payable. The loan c
the options selected December 31 of each year with a market rate of interest betweeen 8% - 12%. Determ
Scenario 1
Nominal Rate 8.00%
Periods per Year 2
Rate per Period 4.000%
Solution:
In this example, the effective interest rate is calculated using the nominal rate of 0.667% for scenario 1 (si
12 periods. We can calculate the effective interest rate manually and through the Excel formula to arrive a
the nominal interest rate due to compounding. We can similarly calculate the effective annual interest ra
Effective Annual Rate Manual Method 8.16%

Effective Annual Rate Excel 8.16%
EFFECT FORMULA
nal annual interest rate and the number of compounding periods per year.
s earned or paid over the life of an investment. It differs from nominal interest rate
he nominal interest rate does not. Therefore effective interest rate is higher than the
nterest rate.
f compounding periods per year.
Manual Calculation
Effective annual interest rate = ( 1 + ( I / n)^n - 1

where I = nominal interest rate
through loan for $1,000,000 payable. The loan characteristics differ depending on
rket rate of interest betweeen 8% - 12%. Determine the effective interest rate.
Scenario 2 Scenario 3
10.00% 12.00%
12 12
0.833% 1.000%
ng the nominal rate of 0.667% for scenario 1 (since interest is paid monthly) and there are
anually and through the Excel formula to arrive at the same result below. It's higher than
imilarly calculate the effective annual interest rate under scenarios 2 and 3.
10.47% 0.127
Same Result!
10.47% 0.127
DB FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

This formula returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance
Formula Explanation
Cost (required) The historical cost of the asset.
Salvage (required) The value of the asset at the end of the depreciation period (salvage value of the
Life (required) The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated (i.e. this is the u
asset).
Period (required) The period for which you want to calculate the depreciation. Period must use the
life. E.g. if you use years for life, you should use years for period.
Month (optional) The number of months in the first year. If month is omitted, it is assumed to be 1
Example:
Johnson & Co. purchases 3 pieces of equipment for its business at the cost, useful life, and salvage values
Calculate the depreciation per year using the DB formula in Excel.
Cost $ 2,500,000 $ 1,100,000
Salvage 50,000 220,000
Life 8 5
Solution:
Using the DB formula in excel, we can calculate the amount of depreciation per year for each of the 3 sce
declining balance method.
Year Depreciation Depreciation

1 $ 967,500 $ 302,500
2 $ 593,078 $ 219,313
3 $ 363,557 $ 159,002
4 $ 222,860 $ 115,276
5 $ 136,613 $ 83,575
6 $ 83,744 $ -
7 $ 51,335 $ -
8 $ 31,468 $ -
TOTAL $ 2,450,155 $ 879,665
Salvage Value $ 49,845 $ 220,335
Difference $ 155 $ -335
ng the fixed-declining balance method.
on period (salvage value of the asset).

ng depreciated (i.e. this is the useful life of the
preciation. Period must use the same units as

ars for period.
s omitted, it is assumed to be 12 months.
, useful life, and salvage values noted below.
Scenario 3
$ 500,000
10,000
3
n per year for each of the 3 scenarios using the
Depreciation
$ 364,500
$ 98,780
$ 26,769
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 490,049
$ 9,951
$ 49
RATE FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The RATE formula is used to calculate the interest rate per period of an annuity.
Formula Explanation
Nper (required) The total number of payment periods in an annuity.
Pmt (required) The payment made each period and cannot change over the life of the
but no other fees or taxes.
Pv (required) The present value is the total amount that a series of future payments is
Fv (optional) The future value is the value of the annuity after the last payment is ma
(zero), that is, the future value of a loan is 0.
Type (optional) The number 0 (zero) or 1 and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero
(one) for "the beginning of the period"
Example #1:
A company is considering taking a loan to finance working capital. Three options are avaiable to them as
the loan amount, payments per month, and number of payments vary between the loans. The company w
facts and wants to know what the interest rate is, both monthly and annually, under each loan scenario. P
Loan Amount Pv
Payment amount per month Pmt
Years of Loan
Payments per year
Total Payments Nper
Solution #1:
Monthly Interest Rate RATE
Annual Interest Rate RATE
In the scenario above, RATE formula was used to calculate the interest rate of the loan using the loan am
per year inputs.
Example #2:
The CFO of a tech company regularly has monthly profits of $20,000 available to invest. The CFO wants to
What rate of interest is required for an investment to hit this goal if profits are invested at the end of each
Solution #2:
The monthly interest rate required is calculated as:
Monthly interest rate:
RATE FORMULA
period of an annuity.
ment periods in an annuity.

period and cannot change over the life of the annuity. This includes principal and interest
.
otal amount that a series of future payments is worth today.
ue of the annuity after the last payment is made. If FV is omitted, it is assumed to be 0
alue of a loan is 0.
and indicates when payments are due. 0 (zero) for when "at the end of the period" and 1
of the period"
capital. Three options are avaiable to them as noted in the below table. However,
ments vary between the loans. The company would like to make a decision with all the
thly and annually, under each loan scenario. Payments are made at the end of the period.
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

$ 3,500,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 500,000
$ -100,000 $ -80,000 $ -50,000
20 10 1
12 12 12
240 120 12
2.85% 8.00% 2.92%

34.25% 95.99% 35.07%
the interest rate of the loan using the loan amount, payments per month and payments
f $20,000 available to invest. The CFO wants to save 500,000 over a 18 month period.
s goal if profits are invested at the end of each month?
=RATE(18,-20000, 0, 500000, 0)
3.7%
360,000.00
PV FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:
The PV formula is used to calculates the present value of a loan or an investment based on a constant int
Formula Explanation
Rate (required) The interest rate per period.
Nper (required) The total number of payment periods in an annuity
Pmt (required) The payment made each period and cannot change over the life of th
and interest but no other fees or taxes.
FV (optional) The future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after the last pa
assumed to be 0 (the future value of a loan, for example, is 0).
Type (optional) Optional. The number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due (0
If type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
Example:
A company is considering investing excess cash into a project. There are 3 project options available, each
contributions and total payments. The company would like to better understand the present value of futu
projects. Project funding is required at the beginning of each month.
Payment Amount Pmt

Company discount rate
Years of Loan
Payment per Year
Rate per period Rate
Total Payments Nper
Contribute @ Beginning or End
of the Year Type
Solution:
We can use the PV formula in Excel to calculate the present value of future cash flows required to fund ea
Present Value
Total Payments
PV FORMULA
ue of a loan or an investment based on a constant interest rate.
r of payment periods in an annuity

de each period and cannot change over the life of the annuity. Typically, pmt includes principal
no other fees or taxes.
or a cash balance you want to attain after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is
(the future value of a loan, for example, is 0).
mber 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due (0 end of period, 1 beginning).
d, it is assumed to be 0.
a project. There are 3 project options available, each with differing monthly payment
uld like to better understand the present value of future cash flows required to fund each of the
g of each month.
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3

$ -10,000 $ -8,000 $ -20,000
6% 6% 6%
10 10 4
12 12 12
0.5% 0.5% 0.5%
120 120 48
1 1 1
present value of future cash flows required to fund each of the 3 projects.
$ 905,238 $ 724,191 $ 855,864

$ -1,200,000 $ -960,000 $ -960,000
FV FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The FV formula calculates the future value of an investment based on a constant interest rate and takes in
Formula Explanation
Rate (required) The interest rate per period.
Nper (required) The total number of payments for the loan.
Pmt (required) The payment amount made each period; it cannot change over the life of the an
and interest but no other fees or taxes.
Pv (optional) The present value, or the lump-sum amount that a series of future payments is w
assumed to be 0 (zero), and you must include the pmt argument.
Optional. The number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due (0 end of per
Type (optional) If type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
Example:
A company is considering loaning money to a potential borrower under the three scenarios outline below
term of loan differ under each scenario discussed with the borrower. They would like to know how much
scenario for the duration of the loan.
Scenario 1
Loan Amount Pv $ -5,000
Rate Rate 10%
Years of Loan Nper 3
Contribute @
Beginning or End of
the Year Type 0
Solution:
Using the FV formula, we can calculate the final repayment (principal + interest) and then subtract future
determine the amount of interest earned over the life of the loan.
Future Value $ 6,655

Interest earned over life of loan $ 1,655
ULA
tant interest rate and takes into consideration compounding of interest.
hange over the life of the annuity. Typically, pmt contains principal
series of future payments is worth right now. If pv is omitted, it is

mt argument.
yments are due (0 end of period, 1 beginning).
three scenarios outline below. The interest rates, principal amounts and
ould like to know how much total interest would be earned under each
$ -5,000 $ -6,000
12% 11%
4 4
0 1
est) and then subtract future value from loan present value to
$ 7,868 $ 9,108
$ 2,868 $ 3,108
SLOPE FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The SLOPE formula is a statistical function in excel that can be used to return the slope of the linear regre
is the vertical distance divided by the horizontal distance between any two points on the line, which is the
gives you the rise (y axis) over run (x axis)
Formula Explanation
Known_y's (required) An array or cell range of numeric values for the y axis data points.
Known_x's (required) An array or cell range of numeric values for the x axis data points.
In mathematical terms, slope = y2 - y1 / x2 - x1
Example & Solution:

FastCar Company is a car manufacturer. They want to compare plan vs. actual on the performance of the
actual unit sales by month for fiscal 2019. We can calculate slope using the SLOPE formula below the tab
Months Plan (x) Actual (y)

January 2 4
February 3 1
March 6 5
April 8 12
May 12 15
June 12 13
July 14 2
August 16 6
September 19 7
October 15 12
November 22 30
December 40 34
Slope 82.6%
MULA
slope of the linear regression line through data points. The SLOPE formula
on the line, which is the rate of change along the regression line. This
data points.
data points.
the performance of their new car for fiscal year 2019. Below is a summry of the plan and
E formula below the table and graph the plan and actual figures to show the correlation.
Car Sold
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Plan Actual
HLOO
Typical use cases:

When you have a specific item you'd like to lookup in a table and there is only one of that item in the table i.e. it
Formula Explanation:
Lookup value: Cell which you would like to reference and lookup in the table.
Table array: It means the set of data from which we want to lookup our lookup value.
row_Index_num: It is the row number from where we want to return the result.
Range_lookup: This refers to either wanting an exact match or close match.
Example #1:
You are a Sales Executive of a company named Fresh Market. You have a list of product sales in a sales report sp
The unit price is in a separate table and you want to be able to pull it into the sales report table and show unit
Solution #1:
Using the HLOOKUP function, we can perform a lookup of the product type (e.g. apple) to the second table wh
to determine the total sales amount. i.e. price x quantity = revenue.
Example #2:
Assume you are working with a very large data set and the rows are occassionally shifted. If you were to insert a
If we insert a row to the table after the header row, the second row will be blank and we are referencing row 2 of
Also, example 1 assumed the pricing was static throughout the year. What if the pricing increased in March for e
Solution #2:
Instead of using the simple HLOOKUP formula, we can use the HLOOKUP formula in combination with the MATC
We can also match the month to the date in the table so that we are pulling in the correct pricing based on the d
Updated formula with MATCH: =HLOOKUP(E42,J47:L49,MATCH(D42,$I$47:$I$49,0),FALSE)

Old formula without MATCH: =HLOOKUP(E45,HLOOKUP!$J$50:$L$51,2,0)
Notice that the only thing that changed was the insertion of the MATCH formula where row "2" was in the old H
Raw Data:
Johnathan's Fruit Market
Sales report
For the period ended 01 January, 2012 to 31 March, 2012 HLOOKUP
Sales Order # Month Product Units Unit Price January
1 January Apple 2 $0.00
3 January Banana 1 $0.00
5 January Grape 4 $0.00
50 March Apple 7 $0.00
52 March Banana 5 $0.00
53 March Grape 8 $0.00
HLOOKUP FORMULA
of that item in the table i.e. it is unique.
our lookup value.
duct sales in a sales report spreadsheet but the report only shows quantity of sales and not the unit price or sales dollar amount sold.
s report table and show unit price and sales dollar amount alongside the rest of the data in the sales report.
apple) to the second table which shows the unit price information. Once that information is puled into the report, we can multiply unit sale
hifted. If you were to insert a row in the table 2 below between the first and second row, the formula would break because the lookup is to r
d we are referencing row 2 of the table in our HLOOKUP formula. How do we overcome this hurdle so that the formula does not break if ro
icing increased in March for each of the products?
n combination with the MATCH function so that we perform a match of the headers we want to pull information for into the table based on
correct pricing based on the date of the sale. Therefore, our formula looks like this:
$47:$I$49,0),FALSE)
where row "2" was in the old HLOOKUP formula.
HLOOKUP WITH MATCH

Sales Amount Unit Price with Month Lookup
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00 Lookup to whole table
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $15.00 Month Apple
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $15.00 January 12
$0.00 $12.00 March 16
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $15.00
$0.00 $10.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $16.00
$0.00 $18.00
$0.00 $12.00
$0.00 $16.00
e or sales dollar amount sold.
he report, we can multiply unit sales by unit price
uld break because the lookup is to row 2.

hat the formula does not break if rows are inserted?
rmation for into the table based on product description..
Data is in row 2 (january)

and 3 for March.
Table 2
Banana Grape
10 15
12 18
Typical use cases:

When you have a specific item you'd like to lookup in a table and there is only one of that item in the table i.e. it is
Lookup value: Cell which you would like to reference and lookup in the table.
Table array: This is the range/array of data from which we want to lookup our lookup value. Note that the lo
Col_Index_num: It is the column number from where we want to return the result.
Range_lookup: This refers to either wanting an exact match or close match.
Example #1:
Employees who work for Home Depot are organized into units and role. They have employee designation codes d
The Financial Analyst needs to be able to obtain information for any particular employee at any time using raw dat
Solution #1:
Name Unit Role Gross Pay
Employee - 12 Unit-2 Other 55,795
Column 2 Column 4 Column 12
The Analyst uses the VLOOKUP formula to lookup the employee name in the HR database table and return the res
Example #2:
Assume the Analyst is working with a very large data set and the columns are occassionally shifted. If you were to i
name column, column 2 will be blank. How do we overcome this hurdle so that the formula does not break if colum
Solution #2:
Instead of using the simple VLOOKUP formula, we can use the VLOOKUP formula in combination with the match fu
Therefore, our formula looks like this:
Updated formula with MATCH: =VLOOKUP($C$36,$C$42:$O$481,MATCH(D$35,$C$42:$O$42,0),FALSE)

Old formula without MATCH: =VLOOKUP(C22,C44:O483,2,0)
Notice that the only thing that changed was the insertion of the MATCH formula where column "2" was in the old
The updated table of results with the VLOOKUP MATCH formula is below.
Name Unit Role Gross Pay

Employee - 12 Unit-2 Other 55795
Now if you try to insert a column in the worksheet after column C, the solution 1 table will break but the solution 2
Raw Data:
Name Unit Department Role

Employee - 1 Unit-1 Indoor Supervisor
Employee - 2 Unit-2 Technical Operations Supervisor
Employee - 3 Unit-3 Engineering Supervisor
Employee - 4 Unit-1 Indoor Staff
Employee - 5 Unit-3 Sales Senior Staff
Employee - 6 Unit-3 Indoor Senior Staff
Employee - 7 Unit-3 Outdoor Staff
Employee - 8 Unit-4 Engineering Senior Staff
Employee - 11 Unit-4 Business Operations Supervisor
Employee - 12 Unit-2 Indoor Other
Employee - 16 Unit-3 Marketing Senior Staff
Employee - 17 Unit-3 Sales Supervisor
Employee - 18 Unit-3 Technical Operations Senior Staff
Employee - 20 Unit-3 Sales Staff
Employee - 21 Unit-2 Business Operations Senior Staff
Employee - 23 Unit-1 Technical Operations Staff
Employee - 25 Unit-3 Business Operations Assisstant Manager
Employee - 27 Unit-2 Outdoor Senior Staff
Employee - 28 Unit-2 Marketing Other
Employee - 30 Unit-4 Engineering Other
Employee - 31 Unit-4 Marketing Support Staff
Employee - 32 Unit-2 Engineering Staff
Employee - 35 Unit-1 Marketing Staff
Employee - 37 Unit-1 Engineering Support Staff
Employee - 39 Unit-2 Technical Operations Other
Employee - 46 Unit-3 Business Operations Staff
Employee - 49 Unit-2 Marketing Supervisor
Employee - 53 Unit-3 Sales Other
Employee - 59 Unit-4 Outdoor Supervisor
Employee - 71 Unit-3 Technical Operations Support Staff
Employee - 72 Unit-4 Outdoor General Manager
Employee - 79 Unit-3 Indoor Assisstant Manager
Employee - 80 Unit-3 Engineering Assisstant Manager
Employee - 84 Unit-3 Sales Assisstant Manager
Employee - 106 Unit-2 Marketing Assisstant Manager
Employee - 117 Unit-4 Sales Support Staff
Employee - 126 Unit-1 Indoor DGeneral Manager
Employee - 137 Unit-1 Outdoor Support Staff
Employee - 144 Unit-1 Outdoor Assisstant Manager
Employee - 147 Unit-3 Outdoor DGeneral Manager
Employee - 178 Unit-4 Technical Operations Assisstant Manager
Employee - 183 Unit-3 Business Operations Other
Employee - 185 Unit-4 Marketing Other
Employee - 204 Unit-2 Sales DGeneral Manager
Employee - 209 Unit-3 Business Operations Support Staff
Employee - 240 Unit-2 Sales General Manager
Employee - 244 Unit-3 Technical Operations General Manager
Employee - 315 Unit-1 Indoor DGeneral Manager
Employee - 326 Unit-3 Outdoor Support Staff
Employee - 336 Unit-3 Outdoor DGeneral Manager
Employee - 372 Unit-2 Business Operations M
Employee - 374 Unit-4 Marketing M
Employee - 393 Unit-3 Sales DGeneral Manager
Employee - 398 Unit-4 Business Operations Support Staff
Employee - 429 Unit-2 Sales General Manager
Employee - 433 Unit-2 Technical Operations General Manager
VLOOKUP FORMULA
ly one of that item in the table i.e. it is unique.
up our lookup value. Note that the lookup value must be in the left most part of the table array.
y have employee designation codes depending on their role.

ar employee at any time using raw data exported from the company's HR database. The Analyst would like to perform a lookup of an employ
HR database table and return the result of unit, desigation and gross pay above.
e occassionally shifted. If you were to insert a column after column C, the above formula break because the unit lookup is to column 2. If we
hat the formula does not break if columns are inserted?
mula in combination with the match function so that we perform a MATCH of the headers we want to pull information for into the above tab
MATCH(D$35,$C$42:$O$42,0),FALSE)
mula where column "2" was in the old VLOOKUP formula.
on 1 table will break but the solution 2 table will remain accurate with the results.
Lookup whole table
Health Spending
Gender Date of Joining Date of Enrollment
Account
Male 26-Apr-02 26-Oct-02 11,000
Male 11-Nov-00 11-May-01 10,000
Male 24-Oct-11 24-Apr-12 10,000
Female 2-Nov-14 2-May-15 17,000
Female 13-Jul-01 13-Jan-02 19,000
Male 17-Jun-03 17-Dec-03 18,000
Male 31-Oct-03 1-May-04 16,000
Male 13-Mar-15 13-Sep-15 18,000
Female 21-Mar-02 21-Sep-02 12,000
Male 13-May-05 13-Nov-05 12,000
Male 29-Mar-12 29-Sep-12 10,000
Male 24-Apr-07 24-Oct-07 26,000
Male 6-Jul-09 6-Jan-10 10,000
Male 13-Mar-14 13-Sep-14 13,000
Male 28-Dec-13 28-Jun-14 12,000
Male 22-Feb-01 22-Aug-01 18,000
Male 25-May-06 25-Nov-06 13,000
Male 1-Feb-14 1-Aug-14 23,000
Male 4-Mar-00 4-Sep-00 12,000
Male 7-Sep-15 7-Mar-16 16,000
Male 16-Feb-10 16-Aug-10 18,000
Female 13-Nov-09 13-May-10 11,000
Female 10-Feb-12 10-Aug-12 18,000
Male 5-Sep-02 5-Mar-03 15,000
Male 18-Mar-13 18-Sep-13 20,000
Male 12-Sep-01 12-Mar-02 11,000
Female 11-May-08 11-Nov-08 22,000
Female 11-Feb-02 11-Aug-02 23,000
Male 22-Jun-14 22-Dec-14 12,000
Male 2-Jan-01 2-Jul-01 29,000
Male 17-Oct-03 17-Apr-04 29,000
Male 27-Jun-08 27-Dec-08 17,000
Male 26-Nov-14 26-May-15 12,000
Male 23-Sep-01 23-Mar-02 11,000
Female 13-Nov-08 13-May-09 18,000
Female 10-Aug-12 10-Feb-13 13,000
Male 15-Feb-05 15-Aug-05 25,000
Male 8-Sep-01 8-Mar-02 16,000
Female 26-Feb-08 26-Aug-08 28,000
Male 15-Aug-04 15-Feb-05 17,000
Male 5-Nov-09 5-May-10 17,000
Female 5-Mar-08 5-Sep-08 11,000
Male 28-Oct-15 28-Apr-16 14,000
Male 19-Nov-00 19-May-01 13,000
Male 5-Dec-12 5-Jun-13 14,000
Female 16-May-11 16-Nov-11 17,000
Female 28-Oct-11 28-Apr-12 11,000
Male 18-Oct-06 18-Apr-07 13,000
Female 13-Apr-02 13-Oct-02 24,000
Female 3-Jan-11 3-Jul-11 11,000
Female 9-May-07 9-Nov-07 11,000
Female 11-Jun-05 11-Dec-05 13,000
Male 4-Mar-12 4-Sep-12 27,000
Female 4-Aug-10 4-Feb-11 12,000
Female 20-Mar-13 20-Sep-13 13,000
Male 27-Aug-00 27-Feb-01 15,000
Male 25-Dec-12 25-Jun-13 22,000
Male 5-Dec-12 5-Jun-13 13,000
Female 15-Jul-06 15-Jan-07 28,000
Female 30-Mar-10 30-Sep-10 12,000
Male 15-Apr-00 15-Oct-00 10,000
Female 15-May-15 15-Nov-15 10,000
Male 14-Dec-06 14-Jun-07 10,000
Female 31-Aug-05 3-Mar-06 14,000
Male 8-Dec-10 8-Jun-11 13,000
Male 13-May-00 13-Nov-00 14,000
Male 30-Aug-02 2-Mar-03 12,000
Male 24-Jun-02 24-Dec-02 17,000
Male 27-Jul-15 27-Jan-16 13,000
Female 17-Dec-09 17-Jun-10 12,000
Female 3-Oct-04 3-Apr-05 29,000
Female 2-Apr-11 2-Oct-11 20,000
Female 29-Apr-12 29-Oct-12 11,000
Male 14-Jun-02 14-Dec-02 12,000
Female 2-May-09 2-Nov-09 12,000
Male 24-Nov-03 24-May-04 12,000
Male 12-Mar-11 12-Sep-11 13,000
Male 26-Jan-04 26-Jul-04 10,000
Female 3-Jan-06 3-Jul-06 22,000
Female 21-May-04 21-Nov-04 21,000
Male 25-May-10 25-Nov-10 16,000
Female 20-Oct-03 20-Apr-04 18,000
Male 5-Nov-01 5-May-02 11,000
Female 13-Sep-07 13-Mar-08 23,000
Male 22-Jul-07 22-Jan-08 17,000
Male 22-Sep-01 22-Mar-02 10,000
Female 20-Aug-04 20-Feb-05 21,000
Male 16-Sep-06 16-Mar-07 17,000
Female 29-Jul-13 29-Jan-14 12,000
Male 13-Jun-06 13-Dec-06 13,000
Male 25-Jul-01 25-Jan-02 15,000
Male 30-Aug-10 2-Mar-11 11,000
Male 20-Oct-06 20-Apr-07 10,000
Male 26-Dec-03 26-Jun-04 10,000
Male 10-Mar-00 10-Sep-00 14,000
Female 21-Nov-15 21-May-16 13,000
Male 2-Mar-11 2-Sep-11 15,000
Male 11-Jul-07 11-Jan-08 23,000
Male 22-Feb-09 22-Aug-09 11,000
Male 28-May-04 28-Nov-04 15,000
Male 19-Dec-08 19-Jun-09 12,000
Female 4-Feb-12 4-Aug-12 10,000
Male 14-Aug-02 14-Feb-03 16,000
Male 19-Dec-10 19-Jun-11 11,000
Male 10-Jun-07 10-Dec-07 13,000
Male 31-Jan-07 31-Jul-07 21,000
Male 21-Nov-02 21-May-03 10,000
Female 1-Oct-08 1-Apr-09 23,000
Male 16-Sep-09 16-Mar-10 11,000
Male 17-Feb-02 17-Aug-02 18,000
Male 10-Mar-09 10-Sep-09 10,000
Male 21-May-08 21-Nov-08 12,000
Male 5-Jan-14 5-Jul-14 12,000
Female 19-Jan-12 19-Jul-12 10,000
Male 26-May-13 26-Nov-13 17,000
Female 22-Jan-16 22-Jul-16 10,000
Female 7-Jan-11 7-Jul-11 26,000
Female 17-May-02 17-Nov-02 18,000
Male 21-Aug-05 21-Feb-06 10,000
Male 26-Mar-06 26-Sep-06 16,000
Female 8-Mar-14 8-Sep-14 16,000
Male 19-Mar-15 19-Sep-15 17,000
Female 28-Jun-02 28-Dec-02 11,000
Male 29-Jan-06 29-Jul-06 16,000
Male 15-Jan-12 15-Jul-12 26,000
Male 24-Jul-08 24-Jan-09 21,000
Female 8-Oct-12 8-Apr-13 13,000
Male 25-Oct-06 25-Apr-07 24,000
Male 29-Dec-06 29-Jun-07 20,000
Female 13-Mar-07 13-Sep-07 23,000
Female 9-Dec-12 9-Jun-13 10,000
Female 13-Aug-07 13-Feb-08 18,000
Male 13-Mar-07 13-Sep-07 17,000
Female 14-Sep-04 14-Mar-05 12,000
Male 5-Jun-01 5-Dec-01 13,000
Female 14-Dec-09 14-Jun-10 13,000
Male 17-Sep-03 17-Mar-04 24,000
Male 7-Nov-01 7-May-02 10,000
Male 31-Mar-06 1-Oct-06 13,000
Male 12-Dec-07 12-Jun-08 11,000
Female 26-Nov-07 26-May-08 16,000
Male 6-Jan-02 6-Jul-02 14,000
Female 1-Sep-14 1-Mar-15 20,000
Male 3-Aug-01 3-Feb-02 18,000
Female 20-Jan-03 20-Jul-03 13,000
Female 23-Aug-13 23-Feb-14 13,000
Female 27-Feb-14 27-Aug-14 23,000
Male 20-Feb-01 20-Aug-01 15,000
Male 16-Jan-04 16-Jul-04 19,000
Male 18-Nov-00 18-May-01 17,000
Male 30-Nov-15 30-May-16 18,000
Male 3-Feb-05 3-Aug-05 11,000
Female 22-Jul-04 22-Jan-05 12,000
Male 28-Oct-09 28-Apr-10 13,000
Female 1-Mar-07 1-Sep-07 10,000
Male 15-Aug-08 15-Feb-09 10,000
Female 27-Feb-09 27-Aug-09 10,000
Female 30-Mar-15 30-Sep-15 14,000
Male 24-Aug-03 24-Feb-04 10,000
Male 18-Aug-08 18-Feb-09 19,000
Male 5-Aug-15 5-Feb-16 12,000
Female 9-Sep-04 9-Mar-05 15,000
Male 10-Sep-14 10-Mar-15 23,000
Male 29-Aug-13 1-Mar-14 24,000
Male 1-Aug-01 1-Feb-02 16,000
Male 8-Sep-13 8-Mar-14 10,000
Female 1-Apr-07 1-Oct-07 27,000
Male 16-Sep-05 16-Mar-06 18,000
Female 13-Oct-14 13-Apr-15 11,000
Male 16-Oct-00 16-Apr-01 17,000
Male 6-May-06 6-Nov-06 15,000
Male 22-Apr-08 22-Oct-08 17,000
Male 16-Feb-01 16-Aug-01 12,000
Female 17-Feb-03 17-Aug-03 18,000
Male 19-Dec-12 19-Jun-13 28,000
Female 25-Mar-04 25-Sep-04 12,000
Female 7-Aug-07 7-Feb-08 16,000
Female 26-Jul-00 26-Jan-01 23,000
Male 25-May-15 25-Nov-15 17,000
Male 1-Feb-06 1-Aug-06 12,000
Male 4-Nov-05 4-May-06 16,000
Male 28-Nov-08 28-May-09 22,000
Female 21-Dec-02 21-Jun-03 30,000
Male 10-Dec-09 10-Jun-10 22,000
Female 2-May-09 2-Nov-09 30,000
Female 27-Dec-08 27-Jun-09 24,000
Female 4-Oct-14 4-Apr-15 24,000
Female 22-Jun-11 22-Dec-11 19,000
Female 23-Apr-11 23-Oct-11 11,000
Male 25-Jun-00 25-Dec-00 13,000
Male 6-Feb-10 6-Aug-10 13,000
Male 18-Apr-06 18-Oct-06 14,000
Female 10-Oct-07 10-Apr-08 14,000
Female 22-May-13 22-Nov-13 11,000
Male 8-May-10 8-Nov-10 23,000
Female 21-Apr-13 21-Oct-13 13,000
Male 4-Jan-14 4-Jul-14 24,000
Male 17-Jan-06 17-Jul-06 11,000
Female 19-Apr-15 19-Oct-15 11,000
Male 22-Sep-09 22-Mar-10 12,000
Female 23-Jan-00 23-Jul-00 28,000
Female 8-Jun-11 8-Dec-11 24,000
Female 26-Mar-00 26-Sep-00 24,000
Female 19-Feb-07 19-Aug-07 18,000
Male 11-Sep-09 11-Mar-10 12,000
Female 14-Jun-13 14-Dec-13 15,000
Male 6-Dec-07 6-Jun-08 13,000
Female 17-Feb-12 17-Aug-12 24,000
Male 15-Jan-09 15-Jul-09 27,000
Female 23-Oct-14 23-Apr-15 10,000
Female 2-Oct-14 2-Apr-15 13,000
Female 16-Aug-09 16-Feb-10 29,000
Male 27-Jan-08 27-Jul-08 29,000
Male 27-Jul-02 27-Jan-03 12,000
Female 16-Aug-00 16-Feb-01 11,000
Male 15-Jan-13 15-Jul-13 14,000
Female 25-Jan-10 25-Jul-10 24,000
Male 18-Feb-10 18-Aug-10 25,000
Female 23-Jul-04 23-Jan-05 16,000
Male 17-Jan-08 17-Jul-08 13,000
Female 2-Aug-08 2-Feb-09 12,000
Female 23-Jun-10 23-Dec-10 13,000
Female 5-Feb-04 5-Aug-04 11,000
Male 10-Jul-12 10-Jan-13 13,000
Female 8-Dec-07 8-Jun-08 16,000
Female 15-Aug-11 15-Feb-12 11,000
Male 22-Feb-05 22-Aug-05 14,000
Male 8-Aug-10 8-Feb-11 11,000
Male 11-Jul-03 11-Jan-04 17,000
Male 20-Mar-05 20-Sep-05 10,000
Female 15-Nov-11 15-May-12 18,000
Male 26-Mar-11 26-Sep-11 23,000
Male 23-May-08 23-Nov-08 16,000
Male 20-Dec-08 20-Jun-09 16,000
Male 14-Oct-08 14-Apr-09 10,000
Male 15-Mar-13 15-Sep-13 10,000
Male 19-Nov-10 19-May-11 19,000
Female 17-Aug-08 17-Feb-09 11,000
Male 2-Dec-12 2-Jun-13 11,000
Male 27-May-07 27-Nov-07 19,000
Male 27-Apr-15 27-Oct-15 17,000
Male 7-Oct-06 7-Apr-07 22,000
Male 29-Jul-11 29-Jan-12 13,000
Female 30-Oct-06 30-Apr-07 21,000
Male 2-Apr-15 2-Oct-15 16,000
Male 4-Oct-14 4-Apr-15 11,000
Female 7-Oct-05 7-Apr-06 30,000
Female 17-Feb-04 17-Aug-04 17,000
Male 3-May-00 3-Nov-00 12,000
Female 2-May-12 2-Nov-12 22,000
Female 15-May-15 15-Nov-15 10,000
Male 14-Dec-06 14-Jun-07 10,000
Female 31-Aug-05 3-Mar-06 14,000
Male 8-Dec-10 8-Jun-11 13,000
Male 13-May-00 13-Nov-00 14,000
Male 30-Aug-02 2-Mar-03 12,000
Male 24-Jun-02 24-Dec-02 17,000
Male 27-Jul-15 27-Jan-16 13,000
Female 17-Dec-09 17-Jun-10 12,000
Male 3-Oct-04 3-Apr-05 29,000
Male 2-Apr-11 2-Oct-11 20,000
Female 29-Apr-12 29-Oct-12 11,000
Male 14-Jun-02 14-Dec-02 12,000
Female 2-May-09 2-Nov-09 12,000
Male 24-Nov-03 24-May-04 12,000
Female 12-Mar-11 12-Sep-11 13,000
Male 26-Jan-04 26-Jul-04 10,000
Female 3-Jan-06 3-Jul-06 22,000
Female 21-May-04 21-Nov-04 21,000
Male 25-May-10 25-Nov-10 16,000
Female 20-Oct-03 20-Apr-04 18,000
Male 5-Nov-01 5-May-02 11,000
Female 13-Sep-07 13-Mar-08 23,000
Male 22-Jul-07 22-Jan-08 17,000
Male 22-Sep-01 22-Mar-02 10,000
Female 20-Aug-04 20-Feb-05 21,000
Male 16-Sep-06 16-Mar-07 17,000
Female 29-Jul-13 29-Jan-14 12,000
Male 13-Jun-06 13-Dec-06 13,000
Female 25-Jul-01 25-Jan-02 15,000
Male 30-Aug-10 2-Mar-11 11,000
Female 20-Oct-06 20-Apr-07 10,000
Male 26-Dec-03 26-Jun-04 10,000
Male 10-Mar-00 10-Sep-00 14,000
Female 21-Nov-15 21-May-16 13,000
Male 2-Mar-11 2-Sep-11 15,000
Male 11-Jul-07 11-Jan-08 23,000
Male 22-Feb-09 22-Aug-09 11,000
Male 28-May-04 28-Nov-04 15,000
Male 19-Dec-08 19-Jun-09 12,000
Female 4-Feb-12 4-Aug-12 10,000
Male 14-Aug-02 14-Feb-03 16,000
Male 19-Dec-10 19-Jun-11 11,000
Male 10-Jun-07 10-Dec-07 13,000
Male 31-Jan-07 31-Jul-07 21,000
Female 21-Nov-02 21-May-03 10,000
Female 1-Oct-08 1-Apr-09 23,000
Male 16-Sep-09 16-Mar-10 11,000
Male 17-Feb-02 17-Aug-02 18,000
Male 10-Mar-09 10-Sep-09 10,000
Male 21-May-08 21-Nov-08 12,000
Male 5-Jan-14 5-Jul-14 12,000
Female 19-Jan-12 19-Jul-12 10,000
Male 26-May-13 26-Nov-13 17,000
Female 22-Jan-16 22-Jul-16 10,000
Female 7-Jan-11 7-Jul-11 26,000
Female 17-May-02 17-Nov-02 18,000
Male 21-Aug-05 21-Feb-06 10,000
Male 26-Mar-06 26-Sep-06 16,000
Female 8-Mar-14 8-Sep-14 16,000
Male 19-Mar-15 19-Sep-15 17,000
Female 28-Jun-02 28-Dec-02 11,000
Male 29-Jan-06 29-Jul-06 16,000
Male 15-Jan-12 15-Jul-12 26,000
Female 24-Jul-08 24-Jan-09 21,000
Female 8-Oct-12 8-Apr-13 13,000
Male 25-Oct-06 25-Apr-07 24,000
Male 29-Dec-06 29-Jun-07 20,000
Female 13-Mar-07 13-Sep-07 23,000
Female 9-Dec-12 9-Jun-13 10,000
Female 13-Aug-07 13-Feb-08 18,000
Male 13-Mar-07 13-Sep-07 17,000
Male 14-Sep-04 14-Mar-05 12,000
Female 5-Jun-01 5-Dec-01 13,000
Male 14-Dec-09 14-Jun-10 13,000
Female 17-Sep-03 17-Mar-04 24,000
Male 7-Nov-01 7-May-02 10,000
Male 31-Mar-06 1-Oct-06 13,000
Female 12-Dec-07 12-Jun-08 11,000
Female 26-Nov-07 26-May-08 16,000
Male 6-Jan-02 6-Jul-02 14,000
Female 1-Sep-14 1-Mar-15 20,000
Male 3-Aug-01 3-Feb-02 18,000
Female 20-Jan-03 20-Jul-03 13,000
Female 23-Aug-13 23-Feb-14 13,000
Female 27-Feb-14 27-Aug-14 23,000
Male 20-Feb-01 20-Aug-01 15,000
Male 16-Jan-04 16-Jul-04 19,000
Female 18-Nov-00 18-May-01 17,000
Female 30-Nov-15 30-May-16 18,000
Female 3-Feb-05 3-Aug-05 11,000
Female 22-Jul-04 22-Jan-05 12,000
Male 28-Oct-09 28-Apr-10 13,000
Female 1-Mar-07 1-Sep-07 10,000
Male 15-Aug-08 15-Feb-09 10,000
Female 27-Feb-09 27-Aug-09 10,000
Male 30-Mar-15 30-Sep-15 14,000
Male 24-Aug-03 24-Feb-04 10,000
Male 18-Aug-08 18-Feb-09 19,000
Male 5-Aug-15 5-Feb-16 12,000
Female 9-Sep-04 9-Mar-05 15,000
Male 10-Sep-14 10-Mar-15 23,000
Male 29-Aug-13 1-Mar-14 24,000
Male 1-Aug-01 1-Feb-02 16,000
Male 8-Sep-13 8-Mar-14 10,000
Female 1-Apr-07 1-Oct-07 27,000
Male 16-Sep-05 16-Mar-06 18,000
Female 13-Oct-14 13-Apr-15 11,000
Male 16-Oct-00 16-Apr-01 17,000
Male 6-May-06 6-Nov-06 15,000
Male 22-Apr-08 22-Oct-08 17,000
Male 16-Feb-01 16-Aug-01 12,000
Female 17-Feb-03 17-Aug-03 18,000
Male 19-Dec-12 19-Jun-13 28,000
Female 25-Mar-04 25-Sep-04 12,000
Female 7-Aug-07 7-Feb-08 16,000
Female 26-Jul-00 26-Jan-01 23,000
Male 25-May-15 25-Nov-15 17,000
Male 1-Feb-06 1-Aug-06 12,000
Male 4-Nov-05 4-May-06 16,000
Male 28-Nov-08 28-May-09 22,000
Female 21-Dec-02 21-Jun-03 30,000
Male 10-Dec-09 10-Jun-10 22,000
Male 2-May-09 2-Nov-09 30,000
Female 27-Dec-08 27-Jun-09 24,000
Male 4-Oct-14 4-Apr-15 24,000
Female 22-Jun-11 22-Dec-11 19,000
Male 23-Apr-11 23-Oct-11 11,000
Male 25-Jun-00 25-Dec-00 13,000
Male 6-Feb-10 6-Aug-10 13,000
Male 18-Apr-06 18-Oct-06 14,000
Female 10-Oct-07 10-Apr-08 14,000
Female 22-May-13 22-Nov-13 11,000
Male 8-May-10 8-Nov-10 23,000
Female 21-Apr-13 21-Oct-13 13,000
Female 4-Jan-14 4-Jul-14 24,000
Female 17-Jan-06 17-Jul-06 11,000
Female 19-Apr-15 19-Oct-15 11,000
Male 22-Sep-09 22-Mar-10 12,000
Female 23-Jan-00 23-Jul-00 28,000
Male 8-Jun-11 8-Dec-11 24,000
Female 26-Mar-00 26-Sep-00 24,000
Female 19-Feb-07 19-Aug-07 18,000
Male 11-Sep-09 11-Mar-10 12,000
Female 14-Jun-13 14-Dec-13 15,000
Male 6-Dec-07 6-Jun-08 13,000
Female 17-Feb-12 17-Aug-12 24,000
Male 15-Jan-09 15-Jul-09 27,000
Female 23-Oct-14 23-Apr-15 10,000
Female 2-Oct-14 2-Apr-15 13,000
Female 16-Aug-09 16-Feb-10 29,000
Male 27-Jan-08 27-Jul-08 29,000
Male 27-Jul-02 27-Jan-03 12,000
Female 16-Aug-00 16-Feb-01 11,000
Male 15-Jan-13 15-Jul-13 14,000
Female 25-Jan-10 25-Jul-10 24,000
Male 18-Feb-10 18-Aug-10 25,000
Female 23-Jul-04 23-Jan-05 16,000
Male 17-Jan-08 17-Jul-08 13,000
Female 2-Aug-08 2-Feb-09 12,000
Female 23-Jun-10 23-Dec-10 13,000
Female 5-Feb-04 5-Aug-04 11,000
Male 10-Jul-12 10-Jan-13 13,000
Female 8-Dec-07 8-Jun-08 16,000
Female 15-Aug-11 15-Feb-12 11,000
Male 22-Feb-05 22-Aug-05 14,000
Male 8-Aug-10 8-Feb-11 11,000
Male 11-Jul-03 11-Jan-04 17,000
Male 20-Mar-05 20-Sep-05 10,000
Female 15-Nov-11 15-May-12 18,000
Male 26-Mar-11 26-Sep-11 23,000
Male 23-May-08 23-Nov-08 16,000
Male 20-Dec-08 20-Jun-09 16,000
Male 14-Oct-08 14-Apr-09 10,000
Male 15-Mar-13 15-Sep-13 10,000
Male 19-Nov-10 19-May-11 19,000
Female 17-Aug-08 17-Feb-09 11,000
Male 2-Dec-12 2-Jun-13 11,000
Male 27-May-07 27-Nov-07 19,000
Male 27-Apr-15 27-Oct-15 17,000
Male 7-Oct-06 7-Apr-07 22,000
Male 29-Jul-11 29-Jan-12 13,000
Female 30-Oct-06 30-Apr-07 21,000
Male 2-Apr-15 2-Oct-15 16,000
Male 4-Oct-14 4-Apr-15 11,000
Female 7-Oct-05 7-Apr-06 30,000
Male 17-Feb-04 17-Aug-04 17,000
Male 3-May-00 3-Nov-00 12,000
Female 2-May-12 2-Nov-12 22,000
st would like to perform a lookup of an employee's unit, designation and gross, pay.
Specify which column to return results for
because the unit lookup is to column 2. If we insert a column to the table after the
want to pull information for into the above table (unit, role, and gross pay.
Housing Allowance Other Special Allowance Gross Pay

9,900 2,500 4,761 28,161
9,000 2,500 4,134 25,634
9,000 2,500 4,962 26,462
15,300 3,000 4,526 39,826
17,100 3,300 4,300 43,700
16,200 3,300 2,569 40,069
14,400 3,000 4,804 38,204
16,200 3,300 2,518 40,018
10,800 2,500 4,827 30,127
10,800 2,500 4,122 29,422
9,000 2,500 4,502 26,002
23,400 3,500 2,895 55,795
9,000 2,500 4,705 26,205
11,700 2,500 3,221 30,421
10,800 2,500 3,940 29,240
16,200 3,300 3,620 41,120
11,700 2,500 4,366 31,566
20,700 3,300 4,566 51,566
10,800 2,500 4,901 30,201
14,400 3,000 4,362 37,762
16,200 3,300 3,365 40,865
9,900 2,500 4,031 27,431
16,200 3,000 4,165 41,365
13,500 3,000 3,466 34,966
18,000 3,300 4,137 45,437
9,900 2,500 3,103 26,503
19,800 3,300 4,641 49,741
20,700 3,500 3,399 50,599
10,800 2,500 3,098 28,398
26,100 3,500 4,191 62,791
26,100 3,500 3,616 62,216
15,300 3,000 4,127 39,427
10,800 2,500 3,991 29,291
9,900 2,500 4,374 27,774
16,200 3,000 2,962 40,162
11,700 2,500 4,045 31,245
22,500 3,500 3,097 54,097
14,400 3,000 4,747 38,147
25,200 3,500 4,014 60,714
15,300 3,000 3,735 39,035
15,300 3,000 4,584 39,884
9,900 2,500 3,082 26,482
12,600 3,000 4,789 34,389
11,700 2,500 4,268 31,468
12,600 3,000 3,253 32,853
15,300 3,000 3,002 38,302
9,900 2,500 3,977 27,377
11,700 2,500 4,907 32,107
21,600 3,300 3,847 52,747
9,900 2,500 4,903 28,303
9,900 2,500 4,502 27,902
11,700 2,500 3,035 30,235
24,300 3,500 4,678 59,478
10,800 2,500 3,615 28,915
11,700 2,500 3,145 30,345
13,500 3,000 4,833 36,333
19,800 3,300 3,331 48,431
11,700 2,500 3,161 30,361
25,200 3,500 3,653 60,353
10,800 2,500 3,737 29,037
9,000 2,500 3,423 24,923
9,000 2,500 3,500 25,000
9,000 2,500 3,774 25,274
12,600 3,000 3,993 33,593
11,700 2,500 3,637 30,837
12,600 3,000 4,476 34,076
10,800 2,500 4,156 29,456
15,300 3,000 4,390 39,690
11,700 2,500 4,275 31,475
10,800 2,500 4,934 30,234
26,100 3,500 3,678 62,278
18,000 3,300 4,067 45,367
9,900 2,500 2,788 26,188
10,800 2,500 4,967 30,267
10,800 2,500 3,400 28,700
10,800 2,500 2,503 27,803
11,700 2,500 3,981 31,181
9,000 2,500 2,565 24,065
19,800 3,300 2,982 48,082
18,900 3,300 4,624 47,824
14,400 3,000 4,276 37,676
16,200 3,000 4,487 41,687
9,900 2,500 3,624 27,024
20,700 3,300 3,855 50,855
15,300 3,000 2,534 37,834
9,000 2,500 3,473 24,973
18,900 3,300 3,860 47,060
15,300 3,000 3,073 38,373
10,800 2,500 3,795 29,095
11,700 2,500 4,038 31,238
13,500 3,000 2,800 34,300
9,900 2,500 3,672 27,072
9,000 2,500 4,135 25,635
9,000 2,500 4,262 25,762
12,600 3,000 2,722 32,322
11,700 2,500 4,830 32,030
13,500 3,000 4,265 35,765
20,700 3,300 3,599 50,599
9,900 2,500 3,096 26,496
13,500 3,000 3,296 34,796
10,800 2,500 3,443 28,743
9,000 2,500 4,250 25,750
14,400 3,000 4,943 38,343
9,900 2,500 4,623 28,023
11,700 2,500 2,945 30,145
18,900 3,300 3,092 46,292
9,000 2,500 4,128 25,628
20,700 3,300 4,003 51,003
9,900 2,500 4,556 27,956
16,200 3,000 4,494 41,694
9,000 2,500 4,837 26,337
10,800 2,500 4,402 29,702
10,800 2,500 4,535 29,835
9,000 2,500 3,770 25,270
15,300 3,000 3,251 38,551
9,000 2,500 3,412 24,912
23,400 3,500 3,193 56,093
16,200 3,000 3,410 40,610
9,000 2,500 4,870 26,370
14,400 3,000 3,292 36,692
14,400 3,000 4,225 37,625
15,300 3,000 3,848 39,148
9,900 2,500 3,735 27,135
14,400 3,000 4,573 37,973
23,400 3,500 4,212 57,112
18,900 3,300 4,169 47,369
11,700 2,500 3,818 31,018
21,600 3,300 3,028 51,928
18,000 3,300 4,890 46,190
20,700 3,300 2,575 49,575
9,000 2,500 4,019 25,519
16,200 3,000 2,889 40,089
15,300 3,000 3,378 38,678
10,800 2,500 4,578 29,878
11,700 2,500 3,150 30,350
11,700 2,500 3,662 30,862
21,600 3,500 4,229 53,329
9,000 2,500 2,995 24,495
11,700 2,500 3,865 31,065
9,900 2,500 3,712 27,112
14,400 3,000 4,177 37,577
12,600 3,000 3,914 33,514
18,000 3,300 2,579 43,879
16,200 3,300 4,512 42,012
11,700 2,500 3,371 30,571
11,700 2,500 3,776 30,976
20,700 3,300 3,298 50,298
13,500 3,000 2,873 34,373
17,100 3,300 3,372 42,772
15,300 3,000 3,694 38,994
16,200 3,300 2,880 40,380
9,900 2,500 3,878 27,278
10,800 2,500 3,968 29,268
11,700 2,500 2,776 29,976
9,000 2,500 4,541 26,041
9,000 2,500 3,990 25,490
9,000 2,500 3,441 24,941
12,600 3,000 3,002 32,602
9,000 2,500 4,190 25,690
17,100 3,300 3,812 43,212
10,800 2,500 3,482 28,782
13,500 3,000 4,155 35,655
20,700 3,300 4,668 51,668
21,600 3,300 3,845 52,745
14,400 3,000 3,605 37,005
9,000 2,500 2,971 24,471
24,300 3,500 4,372 59,172
16,200 3,000 3,743 40,943
9,900 2,500 2,529 25,929
15,300 3,000 4,287 39,587
13,500 3,000 3,542 35,042
15,300 3,000 4,466 39,766
10,800 2,500 3,721 29,021
16,200 3,300 2,925 40,425
25,200 3,500 3,399 60,099
10,800 2,500 2,872 28,172
14,400 3,000 3,815 37,215
20,700 3,300 4,952 51,952
15,300 3,000 4,215 39,515
10,800 2,500 4,278 29,578
14,400 3,000 2,803 36,203
19,800 3,300 4,876 49,976
27,000 3,500 4,769 65,269
19,800 3,300 4,634 49,734
27,000 3,500 2,818 63,318
21,600 3,300 3,491 52,391
21,600 3,300 4,076 52,976
17,100 3,300 4,403 43,803
9,900 2,500 4,839 28,239
11,700 2,500 4,310 31,510
11,700 2,500 4,308 31,508
12,600 3,000 2,752 32,352
12,600 3,000 4,575 34,175
9,900 2,500 2,908 26,308
20,700 3,300 2,540 49,540
11,700 2,500 4,756 31,956
21,600 3,300 4,845 53,745
9,900 2,500 4,252 27,652
9,900 2,500 4,656 28,056
10,800 2,500 4,284 29,584
25,200 3,500 3,836 60,536
21,600 3,300 3,718 52,618
21,600 3,500 2,749 51,849
16,200 3,300 2,595 40,095
10,800 2,500 2,574 27,874
13,500 3,000 4,648 36,148
11,700 2,500 4,723 31,923
21,600 3,300 4,005 52,905
24,300 3,500 4,876 59,676
9,000 2,500 3,100 24,600
11,700 2,500 4,103 31,303
26,100 3,500 3,935 62,535
26,100 3,500 3,446 62,046
10,800 2,500 4,684 29,984
9,900 2,500 2,831 26,231
12,600 3,000 3,538 33,138
21,600 3,300 3,077 51,977
22,500 3,500 3,354 54,354
14,400 3,000 4,814 38,214
11,700 2,500 3,224 30,424
10,800 2,500 3,345 28,645
11,700 2,500 4,925 32,125
9,900 2,500 4,857 28,257
11,700 2,500 4,926 32,126
14,400 3,000 4,197 37,597
9,900 2,500 3,148 26,548
12,600 3,000 4,257 33,857
9,900 2,500 4,496 27,896
15,300 3,000 4,483 39,783
9,000 2,500 3,082 24,582
16,200 3,000 4,511 41,711
20,700 3,300 3,427 50,427
14,400 3,000 3,197 36,597
14,400 3,000 4,857 38,257
9,000 2,500 4,333 25,833
9,000 2,500 3,876 25,376
17,100 3,300 3,287 42,687
9,900 2,500 4,486 27,886
9,900 2,500 4,461 27,861
17,100 3,300 3,896 43,296
15,300 3,000 3,843 39,143
19,800 3,300 2,807 47,907
11,700 2,500 3,994 31,194
18,900 3,300 2,622 45,822
14,400 3,000 3,985 37,385
9,900 2,500 4,633 28,033
27,000 3,500 3,816 64,316
15,300 3,000 4,487 39,787
10,800 2,500 4,155 29,455
19,800 3,300 3,056 48,156
9,000 2,500 3,500 25,000
9,000 2,500 3,774 25,274
12,600 3,000 3,993 33,593
11,700 2,500 3,637 30,837
12,600 3,000 4,476 34,076
10,800 2,500 4,156 29,456
15,300 3,000 4,390 39,690
11,700 2,500 4,275 31,475
10,800 2,500 4,934 30,234
26,100 3,500 3,678 62,278
18,000 3,300 4,067 45,367
9,900 2,500 2,788 26,188
10,800 2,500 4,967 30,267
10,800 2,500 3,400 28,700
10,800 2,500 2,503 27,803
11,700 2,500 3,981 31,181
9,000 2,500 2,565 24,065
19,800 3,300 2,982 48,082
18,900 3,300 4,624 47,824
14,400 3,000 4,276 37,676
16,200 3,000 4,487 41,687
9,900 2,500 3,624 27,024
20,700 3,300 3,855 50,855
15,300 3,000 2,534 37,834
9,000 2,500 3,473 24,973
18,900 3,300 3,860 47,060
15,300 3,000 3,073 38,373
10,800 2,500 3,795 29,095
11,700 2,500 4,038 31,238
13,500 3,000 2,800 34,300
9,900 2,500 3,672 27,072
9,000 2,500 4,135 25,635
9,000 2,500 4,262 25,762
12,600 3,000 2,722 32,322
11,700 2,500 4,830 32,030
13,500 3,000 4,265 35,765
20,700 3,300 3,599 50,599
9,900 2,500 3,096 26,496
13,500 3,000 3,296 34,796
10,800 2,500 3,443 28,743
9,000 2,500 4,250 25,750
14,400 3,000 4,943 38,343
9,900 2,500 4,623 28,023
11,700 2,500 2,945 30,145
18,900 3,300 3,092 46,292
9,000 2,500 4,128 25,628
20,700 3,300 4,003 51,003
9,900 2,500 4,556 27,956
16,200 3,000 4,494 41,694
9,000 2,500 4,837 26,337
10,800 2,500 4,402 29,702
10,800 2,500 4,535 29,835
9,000 2,500 3,770 25,270
15,300 3,000 3,251 38,551
9,000 2,500 3,412 24,912
23,400 3,500 3,193 56,093
16,200 3,000 3,410 40,610
9,000 2,500 4,870 26,370
14,400 3,000 3,292 36,692
14,400 3,000 4,225 37,625
15,300 3,000 3,848 39,148
9,900 2,500 3,735 27,135
14,400 3,000 4,573 37,973
23,400 3,500 4,212 57,112
18,900 3,300 4,169 47,369
11,700 2,500 3,818 31,018
21,600 3,300 3,028 51,928
18,000 3,300 4,890 46,190
20,700 3,300 2,575 49,575
9,000 2,500 4,019 25,519
16,200 3,000 2,889 40,089
15,300 3,000 3,378 38,678
10,800 2,500 4,578 29,878
11,700 2,500 3,150 30,350
11,700 2,500 3,662 30,862
21,600 3,500 4,229 53,329
9,000 2,500 2,995 24,495
11,700 2,500 3,865 31,065
9,900 2,500 3,712 27,112
14,400 3,000 4,177 37,577
12,600 3,000 3,914 33,514
18,000 3,300 2,579 43,879
16,200 3,300 4,512 42,012
11,700 2,500 3,371 30,571
11,700 2,500 3,776 30,976
20,700 3,300 3,298 50,298
13,500 3,000 2,873 34,373
17,100 3,300 3,372 42,772
15,300 3,000 3,694 38,994
16,200 3,300 2,880 40,380
9,900 2,500 3,878 27,278
10,800 2,500 3,968 29,268
11,700 2,500 2,776 29,976
9,000 2,500 4,541 26,041
9,000 2,500 3,990 25,490
9,000 2,500 3,441 24,941
12,600 3,000 3,002 32,602
9,000 2,500 4,190 25,690
17,100 3,300 3,812 43,212
10,800 2,500 3,482 28,782
13,500 3,000 4,155 35,655
20,700 3,300 4,668 51,668
21,600 3,300 3,845 52,745
14,400 3,000 3,605 37,005
9,000 2,500 2,971 24,471
24,300 3,500 4,372 59,172
16,200 3,000 3,743 40,943
9,900 2,500 2,529 25,929
15,300 3,000 4,287 39,587
13,500 3,000 3,542 35,042
15,300 3,000 4,466 39,766
10,800 2,500 3,721 29,021
16,200 3,300 2,925 40,425
25,200 3,500 3,399 60,099
10,800 2,500 2,872 28,172
14,400 3,000 3,815 37,215
20,700 3,300 4,952 51,952
15,300 3,000 4,215 39,515
10,800 2,500 4,278 29,578
14,400 3,000 2,803 36,203
19,800 3,300 4,876 49,976
27,000 3,500 4,769 65,269
19,800 3,300 4,634 49,734
27,000 3,500 2,818 63,318
21,600 3,300 3,491 52,391
21,600 3,300 4,076 52,976
17,100 3,300 4,403 43,803
9,900 2,500 4,839 28,239
11,700 2,500 4,310 31,510
11,700 2,500 4,308 31,508
12,600 3,000 2,752 32,352
12,600 3,000 4,575 34,175
9,900 2,500 2,908 26,308
20,700 3,300 2,540 49,540
11,700 2,500 4,756 31,956
21,600 3,300 4,845 53,745
9,900 2,500 4,252 27,652
9,900 2,500 4,656 28,056
10,800 2,500 4,284 29,584
25,200 3,500 3,836 60,536
21,600 3,300 3,718 52,618
21,600 3,500 2,749 51,849
16,200 3,300 2,595 40,095
10,800 2,500 2,574 27,874
13,500 3,000 4,648 36,148
11,700 2,500 4,723 31,923
21,600 3,300 4,005 52,905
24,300 3,500 4,876 59,676
9,000 2,500 3,100 24,600
11,700 2,500 4,103 31,303
26,100 3,500 3,935 62,535
26,100 3,500 3,446 62,046
10,800 2,500 4,684 29,984
9,900 2,500 2,831 26,231
12,600 3,000 3,538 33,138
21,600 3,300 3,077 51,977
22,500 3,500 3,354 54,354
14,400 3,000 4,814 38,214
11,700 2,500 3,224 30,424
10,800 2,500 3,345 28,645
11,700 2,500 4,925 32,125
9,900 2,500 4,857 28,257
11,700 2,500 4,926 32,126
14,400 3,000 4,197 37,597
9,900 2,500 3,148 26,548
12,600 3,000 4,257 33,857
9,900 2,500 4,496 27,896
15,300 3,000 4,483 39,783
9,000 2,500 3,082 24,582
16,200 3,000 4,511 41,711
20,700 3,300 3,427 50,427
14,400 3,000 3,197 36,597
14,400 3,000 4,857 38,257
9,000 2,500 4,333 25,833
9,000 2,500 3,876 25,376
17,100 3,300 3,287 42,687
9,900 2,500 4,486 27,886
9,900 2,500 4,461 27,861
17,100 3,300 3,896 43,296
15,300 3,000 3,843 39,143
19,800 3,300 2,807 47,907
11,700 2,500 3,994 31,194
18,900 3,300 2,622 45,822
14,400 3,000 3,985 37,385
9,900 2,500 4,633 28,033
27,000 3,500 3,816 64,316
15,300 3,000 4,487 39,787
10,800 2,500 4,155 29,455
19,800 3,300 3,056 48,156
Typical Use Cases:

The OFFSET formuls is used to return a range that is a specified number of rows and columns from a reference c
Reference: The starting point reference. This is a cell reference.
Rows: The number of rows to offset below or above (if a negative value is used) the starting
Cols: The number of columns to offset to the right or left (if a negative value is used) of the
Height: [optional] The height in rows of the returned reference.
Width: [optional] The width in columns of the returned reference.
Note that a negative value can be used in the formula. If a negative is used, then instead of having the OFFSET lo
Example #1:
We have a list of grades of students below. The goal is to find:
a) Math grade for John
b) Sum of John's grades for all subjects.
Student English Biology Math

Henry 75 68 64
Samuel 69 76 79
Alex 82 69 77
John 81 91 65
Jenny 94 95 72
Malcolm 72 83 91
Solution #1:
We can use the OFFSET function with the first cell of the table "Student" being our relative reference point for th
John's marks in Math is: 65 ͢

John's total marks are: 398 ͢
Example #2:
The OFFSET function is also convenient when you need to lookup data in a table which has dates that are in a co
For example, below is the P&L of HBC Inc. The earliest date appears in the left column and the most recent date
Row Column 1 2 3
P&L 31-Jan-19 28-Feb-19 31-Mar-19
1 Subscription revenue 100,000 104,000 108,160
2 Usage revenue 77,000 80,080 83,283
3 Professional service revenu 60,000 62,400 64,896
4 Total revenue 237,000 246,480 256,339
5 Cost of services 75,840 78,874 82,029
6 Gross margin 161,160 167,606 174,311
Solution #2:
In order to reverse the order of the data, we can use the OFFSET function with the P&L header first cell to be the
For example, for the subscription revenue September 30, 2019 cell, we will reference the first row below P&L an
=OFFSET(C46,1,9) returns the result: $136,856.91
Taking this a step further, we can automate the formula so that we can drag it throughout the table and have it
the September column as being offset to column reference 9, the August column being offset to column referen
columns which exist in the table, and subtract the current column reference in the above table. For example, the
Therefore, 10-1 = 9 and should be used as the column OFFSET when rearranging the data in the below table. We
row offset.
For the September 30, 2019 column below, we use this formula:
=OFFSET($C$46,COUNTA($C$71:$C71),COUNTA($C$45:$L$45)-D$45)
P&L 30-Sep-19 31-Aug-19 30-Jul-19

Subscription revenue 136,857 131,593 126,532
Usage revenue 105,380 101,327 97,430
Professional service revenu 82,114 78,956 75,919
Total revenue 324,351 311,876 299,881
Cost of services 103,792 99,800 95,962
Gross margin 220,559 212,076 203,919
OFFSET FORMULA
olumns from a reference cell or range.
e value is used) the starting reference.

egative value is used) of the starting reference.
ead of having the OFFSET lookup a value below (row) or to the right (column), a negative value will lookup above (row) or to the left (colum
Chemistry Physics
82 79
84 60
91 71
77 84
81 68
78 74
lative reference point for the formula.
Here, reference is 'Student', row is 'John' ("Student" is counted as 0, so John is counted as cell reference 4), and column is 'Ma
from the refernece cell Student.
Here, reference is '"Student", row is 'John' ("Student" is counted as 0, so John is counted as 4), and column is "English"' i.e. the
("Student" is counted as 0, so English is counted as the first cell away), Height is 1 (as we want to find out the total marks of Jo
total quantity of subjects).
h has dates that are in a contradictory order to the table you are creating.
n and the most recent date appears in the right column. Let's assume we need this data in reverse chronological order.
4 5 6 7
30-Apr-19 31-May-19 30-Jun-19 30-Jul-19
112,486 116,986 121,665 126,532
86,615 90,079 93,682 97,430
67,492 70,192 72,999 75,919
266,593 277,256 288,347 299,881
85,310 88,722 92,271 95,962
181,283 188,534 196,076 203,919
&L header first cell to be the reference cell.

the first row below P&L and column 9 that comes after the P&L cell.
hout the table and have it pull the correct cell reference. In order to do this we need the OFFSET formula to calculate
ng offset to column reference 8, etc. This can be achieved by embedding the COUNTA formula in the OFFSET formula and counting the nu
ove table. For example, the first month'ss column in the above table is 1 and last month is 9. Total column count = 10 including the P&L co
data in the below table. We can take a similar approach for the rows (i.e. subscription revenue being the first row offset, and gross margin
30-Jun-19 31-May-19 30-Apr-19 31-Mar-19

121,665 116,986 112,486 108,160
93,682 90,079 86,615 83,283
72,999 70,192 67,492 64,896
288,347 277,256 266,593 256,339
92,271 88,722 85,310 82,029
196,076 188,534 181,283 174,311
ue will lookup above (row) or to the left (column).
ounted as cell reference 4), and column is 'Math' which is 3 cells away
counted as 4), and column is "English"' i.e. the first subject of the list
1 (as we want to find out the total marks of John only), Width is 5 (i.e. the
verse chronological order.
8 9
31-Aug-19 30-Sep-19
131,593 136,857
101,327 105,380
78,956 82,114
311,876 324,351
99,800 103,792
212,076 220,559
FSET formula to calculate

la in the OFFSET formula and counting the number of
Total column count = 10 including the P&L column.
e being the first row offset, and gross margin being the sixth
28-Feb-19 31-Jan-19
104,000 100,000
80,080 77,000
62,400 60,000
246,480 237,000
78,874 75,840
167,606 161,160
LEF
Typical use Cases:

These formula display a specified number of characters from the left/right hand side of a piece of text. They
text: Original text from which we need the characters
[num_chars]: Number of charaters required
Example #1 - LEFT
Use the left formula to keep only a certain number of the left characters:
Text Number Of Left String Using

Characters to Keep LEFT formula
Example formula:
Chris Alexander 1 C =LEFT(C20,D20)
Chris Alexander 2 Ch
Chris Alexander 3 Chr
Matthew 6 Matthe
Breanna 4 Brea
Example #2 - LEFT
The following table was used to extract the first name of a person from their full name.
The =FIND() function was used to locate position of the space between the first and second name.
The length of the first name is therefore the position of the space minus one character.
The =LEFT() function can now extract the first name based on the position of the space.
Full Name First Name Example formula:

Chris Alexander Chris =LEFT(D33,FIND(" ",D33)-1)
Matthew Simpson Matthew
Alannah Johnson Alannah
LEFT, RIGHT FORMULA
t hand side of a piece of text. They are useful if you want to extract part of the contents of a cell.
Example #1 - RIGHT
Use the right formula to keep only a certain number of the right characters:
Right
Original Number Of String Using
Text Characters to Keep
RIGHT formula
Chris Alexander 1 r
Chris Alexander 2 er
Chris Alexander 3 der
Matthew 6 atthew
Breanna 4 anna
Example #2 - RIGHT
heir full name. The following table was used to extract the last name of a person from their ful
he first and second name. The =FIND() function locates the position of the space between the first and sec
one character. The length of the last name is calculated by subtracting the position of the spac
n of the space. the overall length of the full name.
The =RIGHT() function can then extract the person's last name.
,FIND(" ",D33)-1) Full Name Second Name

Chris Alexander Alexander
Matthew Simspon Simspon
Alannah Johnson Johnson
ber of the right characters:
Example formula:
=RIGHT(L20,M20)
ame of a person from their full name.

pace between the first and second name.
acting the position of the space from
n's last name.
Example formula:
=RIGHT(M34,LEN(M34)-FIND(" ",M34))
COLUMN FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

To find out the number of a column where a reference cell is located in the worksheet.
Formula explanation :
Reference: The cell which is selected to find out the position of it.
Example:
In this example, we are going to find out the column number of selected cell from data table.
Date Customer ID Sale Location Product ID Quantity

1/1/2014 CUST00001 LOCATION00018 P00002 6
1/1/2014 CUST00002 LOCATION00013 P00019 13
1/1/2014 CUST00003 LOCATION00008 P00019 3
1/1/2014 CUST00004 LOCATION00011 P00022 4
1/1/2014 CUST00005 LOCATION00011 P00025 7
1/1/2014 CUST00006 LOCATION00003 P00004 4
1/1/2014 CUST00007 LOCATION00024 P00017 7
1/1/2014 CUST00008 LOCATION00022 P00027 13
1/1/2014 CUST00009 LOCATION00012 P00015 15
1/1/2014 CUST00010 LOCATION00024 P00002 14
1/1/2014 CUST00011 LOCATION00014 P00006 15
1/1/2014 CUST00012 LOCATION00026 P00011 5
1/1/2014 CUST00013 LOCATION00003 P00024 10
1/1/2014 CUST00014 LOCATION00028 P00013 7
1/1/2014 CUST00015 LOCATION00025 P00026 2
1/2/2014 CUST00016 LOCATION00019 P00018 9
1/2/2014 CUST00017 LOCATION00025 P00029 10
1/2/2014 CUST00018 LOCATION00019 P00030 9
1/2/2014 CUST00019 LOCATION00019 P00014 15
1/2/2014 CUST00020 LOCATION00020 P00018 11
1/2/2014 CUST00021 LOCATION00009 P00022 12
1/2/2014 CUST00022 LOCATION00021 P00001 5
1/2/2014 CUST00023 LOCATION00018 P00023 14
1/2/2014 CUST00024 LOCATION00013 P00015 12
1/2/2014 CUST00025 LOCATION00001 P00029 6
1/2/2014 CUST00026 LOCATION00005 P00016 10
1/2/2014 CUST00027 LOCATION00001 P00012 9
1/2/2014 CUST00028 LOCATION00006 P00022 3
1/3/2014 CUST00029 LOCATION00011 P00030 3
1/3/2014 CUST00030 LOCATION00023 P00001 3
1/3/2014 CUST00031 LOCATION00008 P00022 2
1/3/2014 CUST00032 LOCATION00010 P00002 5
FORMULA
m data table.
Solution:
Color COLUMN
Yellow 5
Red 7
Brown 3
Green 4
ROW FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

To find out the number of a row where a reference cell is located in the worksheet.
Formula explanation:
Reference: The cell which is selected to find out the position of it.
Example:
In this example, we are going to find out the row number of selected cell from data table using the ROW

1/1/2014 CUST00001 LOCATION00018 P00002 6
1/1/2014 CUST00002 LOCATION00013 P00019 13
1/1/2014 CUST00003 LOCATION00008 P00019 3
1/1/2014 CUST00004 LOCATION00011 P00022 4
1/1/2014 CUST00005 LOCATION00011 P00025 7
1/1/2014 CUST00006 LOCATION00003 P00004 4
1/1/2014 CUST00007 LOCATION00024 P00017 7
1/1/2014 CUST00008 LOCATION00022 P00027 13
1/1/2014 CUST00009 LOCATION00012 P00015 15
1/1/2014 CUST00010 LOCATION00024 P00002 14
1/1/2014 CUST00011 LOCATION00014 P00006 15
1/1/2014 CUST00012 LOCATION00026 P00011 5
1/1/2014 CUST00013 LOCATION00003 P00024 10
1/1/2014 CUST00014 LOCATION00028 P00013 7
1/1/2014 CUST00015 LOCATION00025 P00026 2
1/2/2014 CUST00016 LOCATION00019 P00018 9
1/2/2014 CUST00017 LOCATION00025 P00029 10
1/2/2014 CUST00018 LOCATION00019 P00030 9
1/2/2014 CUST00019 LOCATION00019 P00014 15
1/2/2014 CUST00020 LOCATION00020 P00018 11
1/2/2014 CUST00021 LOCATION00009 P00022 12
1/2/2014 CUST00022 LOCATION00021 P00001 5
1/2/2014 CUST00023 LOCATION00018 P00023 14
1/2/2014 CUST00024 LOCATION00013 P00015 12
1/2/2014 CUST00025 LOCATION00001 P00029 6
1/2/2014 CUST00026 LOCATION00005 P00016 10
1/2/2014 CUST00027 LOCATION00001 P00012 9
1/2/2014 CUST00028 LOCATION00006 P00022 3
1/3/2014 CUST00029 LOCATION00011 P00030 3
1/3/2014 CUST00030 LOCATION00023 P00001 3
1/3/2014 CUST00031 LOCATION00008 P00022 2
1/3/2014 CUST00032 LOCATION00010 P00002 5
ORMULA
m data table using the ROW formula.
Solution:
Color ROW
Yellow 30
Red 34
Brown 39
Green 46
COLUMNS FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

To count the number of columns which are selected in a range.
Array : The cells which are selected to find out the number of columns within the selected area.
Example :
In this example, we are going to find out the number of columns of the selected cells from the following

1/1/2014 CUST00001 LOCATION00018 P00002 6
1/1/2014 CUST00002 LOCATION00013 P00019 13
1/1/2014 CUST00003 LOCATION00008 P00019 3
1/1/2014 CUST00004 LOCATION00011 P00022 4
1/1/2014 CUST00005 LOCATION00011 P00025 7
1/1/2014 CUST00006 LOCATION00003 P00004 4
1/1/2014 CUST00007 LOCATION00024 P00017 7
1/1/2014 CUST00008 LOCATION00022 P00027 13
1/1/2014 CUST00009 LOCATION00012 P00015 15
1/1/2014 CUST00010 LOCATION00024 P00002 14
1/1/2014 CUST00011 LOCATION00014 P00006 15
1/1/2014 CUST00012 LOCATION00026 P00011 5
1/1/2014 CUST00013 LOCATION00003 P00024 10
1/1/2014 CUST00014 LOCATION00028 P00013 7
1/1/2014 CUST00015 LOCATION00025 P00026 2
1/2/2014 CUST00016 LOCATION00019 P00018 9
1/2/2014 CUST00017 LOCATION00025 P00029 10
1/2/2014 CUST00018 LOCATION00019 P00030 9
1/2/2014 CUST00019 LOCATION00019 P00014 15
1/2/2014 CUST00020 LOCATION00020 P00018 11
1/2/2014 CUST00021 LOCATION00009 P00022 12
1/2/2014 CUST00022 LOCATION00021 P00001 5
1/2/2014 CUST00023 LOCATION00018 P00023 14
1/2/2014 CUST00024 LOCATION00013 P00015 12
1/2/2014 CUST00025 LOCATION00001 P00029 6
1/2/2014 CUST00026 LOCATION00005 P00016 10
1/2/2014 CUST00027 LOCATION00001 P00012 9
1/2/2014 CUST00028 LOCATION00006 P00022 3
1/3/2014 CUST00029 LOCATION00011 P00030 3
1/3/2014 CUST00030 LOCATION00023 P00001 3
1/3/2014 CUST00031 LOCATION00008 P00022 2
1/3/2014 CUST00032 LOCATION00010 P00002 5
COLUMNS FORMULA
olumns within the selected area.
e selected cells from the following data table.
Color COLUMNS
Yellow 4
Red 3
Brown 5
Green 3
ROWS FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

To count the number of rows which are selected in a range.
Array: The cells which are selected to find out the number of rows within the selected area.
Example:
In this example, we are going to find out the number of rows from the selected cells from the following d

1/1/2014 CUST00001 LOCATION00018 P00002 6
1/1/2014 CUST00002 LOCATION00013 P00019 13
1/1/2014 CUST00003 LOCATION00008 P00019 3
1/1/2014 CUST00004 LOCATION00011 P00022 4
1/1/2014 CUST00005 LOCATION00011 P00025 7
1/1/2014 CUST00006 LOCATION00003 P00004 4
1/1/2014 CUST00007 LOCATION00024 P00017 7
1/1/2014 CUST00008 LOCATION00022 P00027 13
1/1/2014 CUST00009 LOCATION00012 P00015 15
1/1/2014 CUST00010 LOCATION00024 P00002 14
1/1/2014 CUST00011 LOCATION00014 P00006 15
1/1/2014 CUST00012 LOCATION00026 P00011 5
1/1/2014 CUST00013 LOCATION00003 P00024 10
1/1/2014 CUST00014 LOCATION00028 P00013 7
1/1/2014 CUST00015 LOCATION00025 P00026 2
1/2/2014 CUST00016 LOCATION00019 P00018 9
1/2/2014 CUST00017 LOCATION00025 P00029 10
1/2/2014 CUST00018 LOCATION00019 P00030 9
1/2/2014 CUST00019 LOCATION00019 P00014 15
1/2/2014 CUST00020 LOCATION00020 P00018 11
1/2/2014 CUST00021 LOCATION00009 P00022 12
1/2/2014 CUST00022 LOCATION00021 P00001 5
1/2/2014 CUST00023 LOCATION00018 P00023 14
1/2/2014 CUST00024 LOCATION00013 P00015 12
1/2/2014 CUST00025 LOCATION00001 P00029 6
1/2/2014 CUST00026 LOCATION00005 P00016 10
1/2/2014 CUST00027 LOCATION00001 P00012 9
1/2/2014 CUST00028 LOCATION00006 P00022 3
1/3/2014 CUST00029 LOCATION00011 P00030 3
1/3/2014 CUST00030 LOCATION00023 P00001 3
1/3/2014 CUST00031 LOCATION00008 P00022 2
1/3/2014 CUST00032 LOCATION00010 P00002 5
ORMULA
the selected area.
ells from the following data table.
Solution:
Color ROWS
Yellow 6
Red 11
Brown 3
Green 4
FORMULATE
Typical Use Cases:

Return a formula as text.
Formula explanation
Reference: The cell which contains formula for which we want to retreive the text.
Example:
A Financial Analyst has obtained a compensation sheet from the HR department. He wants to print out th
easily explain how the fully loaded salary is calculated for financial modeling purposes in the company's b
Solution:
The Financial Analyst can use the formula text formula and place the formula to the right side of the table
it during the meeting and explain how the fully loaded compensation was calculated.
House Provident
Basic Travelling Medical Advance
Name rent Fund
salary allowance allowance adjustment
allowance deduction
Sabbir 10000 5000 500 500 1000 500

Shafin 11000 5500 550 550 1100 0
Jisan 12000 6000 600 600 1200 1000
Jewel 12500 6250 625 625 1250 0
Hulk 9000 4500 450 450 900 0
Jack 22000 11000 1100 1100 2200 1200
Andrew 16000 8000 800 800 1600 0
Hillary 13600 6800 680 680 1360 800
Adam 21500 10750 1075 1075 2150 0
Julie 18000 9000 900 900 1800 1000
Robert 16000 8000 800 800 1600 0
Roy 14200 7100 710 710 1420 2000
Here, the net salary amounts are used as reference.

FORMULATEXT FORMULA
. He wants to print out the document for an upcoming management meeting and be able to
poses in the company's budget.
the right side of the table. Then, when the document is printed, he will be able to reference
Total Assumed Fully

Tax FORMULATEXT
compensation Overhead loaded
2000 12500 42% 17,750 =(D29+E29+F29+G29-H29-I29-J29)*(1+L29)

2200 14300 42% 20,306 =(D30+E30+F30+G30-H30-I30-J30)*(1+L30)
2400 14600 42% 20,732 =(D31+E31+F31+G31-H31-I31-J31)*(1+L31)
2500 16250 42% 23,075 =(D32+E32+F32+G32-H32-I32-J32)*(1+L32)
1800 11700 42% 16,614 =(D33+E33+F33+G33-H33-I33-J33)*(1+L33)
4400 27400 42% 38,908 =(D34+E34+F34+G34-H34-I34-J34)*(1+L34)
3200 20800 42% 29,536 =(D35+E35+F35+G35-H35-I35-J35)*(1+L35)
2720 16880 42% 23,970 =(D36+E36+F36+G36-H36-I36-J36)*(1+L36)
4300 27950 42% 39,689 =(D37+E37+F37+G37-H37-I37-J37)*(1+L37)
3600 22400 42% 31,808 =(D38+E38+F38+G38-H38-I38-J38)*(1+L38)
3200 20800 42% 29,536 =(D39+E39+F39+G39-H39-I39-J39)*(1+L39)
2840 16460 42% 23,373 =(D40+E40+F40+G40-H40-I40-J40)*(1+L40)
COUNTBLANK FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

Count the blank cells in the selected range.
Range: The range from which you want to count the blank cells.
Example:
In this example, we are going to count the blank cells from the number table below.
Each row is a range

Solution:
A B C D E F G
37510 34738 38935 33393 30804
34119 20207 19424 30452 25369 43435 11906
43347 24589 25116 45669
46767 19995 20147 39231 44165 31361 21535
22953 28809 13356 32645 29601
18920 10741 27923 41804 25518 32715 34340
48698 34511 48133 39713 19172
16967 47612 18645 31303
11594 44399 12833 24057 29975 27657
27809 38284 20395
24613 34549 11409 31730 24743 23885
31111 19878 23566 38821 44667
45641 39073 13493 28129 42193
15751 40264 45227 43839 38741
36809 48535
27006 21795 44108 11541 29671
30344 35169 11931 39478 40330
44995 27117 46224 13528 10106 21055
34568 27652 34766 35121 19412
49094 12942 45213 36359
46850 18334 24366 42163 29995 44069
29586 11002 10119 44848 22106
48653 12231 43889 31525 13085
44974 31245 37365
27710 35666 37772 41753 16241
20565 39533 14370 33436 30758 36027
40998 37275 45309 28988 13506 37225 48437
46476 39384 25495 14916
13812 36923 25480 49844 22734 11730
FORMULA
H COUNTBLANK
12299 2
24366 0
30769 3
32188 0
3
37610 0
17518 2
32619 3
2
16929 4
19172 1
16790 2
36810 2
3
21073 5
39517 2
33466 2
2
31207 2
25666 3
2
31563 2
15550 2
44991 4
12973 2
34581 1
1
41149 3
2
DMIN FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

Find the smallest number in the database that matches the specific condition set.
Database: Range of data within which we want to perform the analysis.
Field: The item which we want to find within the database (e.g. price, category, etc.).
Criteria: The given criteria that have to be matched with.
Example:
Financial analyst has a sales report of some fruit which were sold in January, 2019 at a variety of rates.
In his analysis he would like to determine what the minimum price was charged based on certain conditio
Criteria:
Fruit Unit Rate Fruit

Apple >3 Banana
Solution:
Fruit DMIN
Apple 4 This is the minimum rate at which apples were sold when more than 3 w
Banana 5 This is the minimum rate at which bananaas were sold when less than 5
Grapes 10 This is the minimum rate at which grapes were sold when more than 10
Raw data:
Date Fruit Unit Rate Value

1/1/2019 Apple 2 12 24
1/1/2019 Apple 3 13 39
1/1/2019 Banana 1 4 10
1/2/2019 Apple 5 14 70
1/2/2019 grapes 4 15 60
1/2/2019 grapes 7 14 98
1/2/2019 Banana 11 10 110
1/2/2019 Banana 3 5 20
1/2/2019 Apple 3 11 33
1/2/2019 grapes 8 17 136
1/2/2019 grapes 7 17 119
1/2/2019 Apple 4 4 48
1/2/2019 Apple 5 13 65
1/2/2019 Banana 6 11 66
1/3/2019 Apple 1 15 15
1/4/2019 grapes 8 10 80
1/4/2019 grapes 5 12 60
1/4/2019 Apple 7 15 105
1/4/2019 Banana 3 10 30
1/5/2019 Apple 6 14 84
1/5/2019 grapes 9 14 126
1/6/2019 Banana 6 11 66
1/6/2019 grapes 9 13 117
1/7/2019 Banana 7 11 77
1/8/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/9/2019 Apple 10 9 100
1/10/2019 Banana 21 12 252
1/11/2019 Apple 6 13 78
1/12/2019 Banana 7 11 77
1/12/2019 Apple 8 13 104
1/12/2019 grapes 6 15 90
1/12/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/12/2019 grapes 7 16 112
1/12/2019 Apple 8 14 112
1/12/2019 grapes 7 16 112
1/12/2019 Banana 9 12 108
1/12/2019 Apple 11 11 121
1/12/2019 Banana 2 15 30
1/12/2019 Banana 4 15 60
1/13/2019 grapes 8 14 112
1/13/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/14/2019 Banana 9 14 126
1/14/2019 grapes 5 17 85
1/14/2019 Apple 7 14 98
1/14/2019 grapes 6 16 96
1/15/2019 Banana 8 15 120
1/16/2019 Banana 4 16 64
1/16/2019 grapes 6 16 96
1/16/2019 Banana 9 13 117
1/17/2019 Apple 7 13 91
1/18/2019 Apple 5 15 75
1/19/2019 Banana 5 16 80
1/20/2019 grapes 8 14 112
1/21/2019 Banana 3 14 42
1/21/2019 Apple 5 13 65
1/21/2019 Apple 9 12 108
1/22/2019 Banana 7 16 112
1/23/2019 Apple 11 11 121
1/23/2019 Apple 20 11 220
1/23/2019 grapes 1 15 15
1/24/2019 Banana 7 12 84
1/24/2019 Apple 8 15 120
1/24/2019 Banana 7 14 98
1/25/2019 Apple 4 14 56
1/26/2019 grapes 12 12 144
1/27/2019 grapes 3 15 45
1/28/2019 Banana 8 14 112
1/28/2019 Banana 6 15 90
1/29/2019 Apple 9 14 126
1/29/2019 Apple 7 15 105
1/29/2019 Banana 5 14 70
1/30/2019 Apple 8 16 128
1/31/2019 Banana 6 18 108
ORMULA
(e.g. price, category, etc.).
nuary, 2019 at a variety of rates.

s charged based on certain conditions set forth in the below tables:
Unit Rate Fruit Unit Rate

>2 Grapes >5
ples were sold when more than 3 were sold in an instance.

nanaas were sold when less than 5 were sold in an instance.
apes were sold when more than 10 were sold in an instance.
DMAX FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

Find the largest number in the database that matches the specific condition set.
Database: Range of data within which we want to perform the analysis.
Field: The item which we want to find within the database (e.g. price, category, etc.).
Criteria: The given criteria that have to be matched with.
Example:
Financial analyst has a sales report of some fruit which were sold in January, 2019 at a variety of rates.
In his analysis he would like to determine what the maximum price was charged based on certain conditi
Criteria:
Fruit Unit Rate Fruit

Apple <5 Banana
Formula:
Fruit DMAX
Apple 15 This is the maximum rate at which apples were sold when less than 5 w
Banana 18 This is the maximum rate at which bananas were sold when more than
Grapes 17 This is the maximum rate at which grapes were sold when more than 10
Raw data:
Date Fruit Unit Rate Value

1/1/2019 Apple 2 12 24
1/1/2019 Apple 3 13 39
1/1/2019 Banana 1 10 10
1/2/2019 Apple 5 14 70
1/2/2019 grapes 4 15 60
1/2/2019 grapes 7 14 98
1/2/2019 Banana 11 10 110
1/2/2019 Banana 2 10 20
1/2/2019 Apple 3 11 33
1/2/2019 grapes 8 17 136
1/2/2019 grapes 7 17 119
1/2/2019 Apple 4 12 48
1/2/2019 Apple 5 13 65
1/2/2019 Banana 6 11 66
1/3/2019 Apple 1 15 15
1/4/2019 grapes 8 10 80
1/4/2019 grapes 5 12 60
1/4/2019 Apple 7 15 105
1/4/2019 Banana 3 10 30
1/5/2019 Apple 6 14 84
1/5/2019 grapes 9 14 126
1/6/2019 Banana 6 11 66
1/6/2019 grapes 9 13 117
1/7/2019 Banana 7 11 77
1/8/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/9/2019 Apple 10 10 100
1/10/2019 Banana 21 12 252
1/11/2019 Apple 6 13 78
1/12/2019 Banana 7 11 77
1/12/2019 Apple 8 13 104
1/12/2019 grapes 6 15 90
1/12/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/12/2019 grapes 7 16 112
1/12/2019 Apple 8 14 112
1/12/2019 grapes 7 16 112
1/12/2019 Banana 9 12 108
1/12/2019 Apple 11 11 121
1/12/2019 Banana 2 15 30
1/12/2019 Banana 4 15 60
1/13/2019 grapes 8 14 112
1/13/2019 Apple 5 12 60
1/14/2019 Banana 9 14 126
1/14/2019 grapes 5 17 85
1/14/2019 Apple 7 14 98
1/14/2019 grapes 6 16 96
1/15/2019 Banana 8 15 120
1/16/2019 Banana 4 16 64
1/16/2019 grapes 6 16 96
1/16/2019 Banana 9 13 117
1/17/2019 Apple 7 13 91
1/18/2019 Apple 5 15 75
1/19/2019 Banana 5 16 80
1/20/2019 grapes 8 14 112
1/21/2019 Banana 3 14 42
1/21/2019 Apple 5 13 65
1/21/2019 Apple 9 12 108
1/22/2019 Banana 7 16 112
1/23/2019 Apple 11 11 121
1/23/2019 Apple 20 11 220
1/23/2019 grapes 1 15 15
1/24/2019 Banana 7 12 84
1/24/2019 Apple 8 15 120
1/24/2019 Banana 7 14 98
1/25/2019 Apple 4 14 56
1/26/2019 grapes 12 12 144
1/27/2019 grapes 3 15 45
1/28/2019 Banana 8 14 112
1/28/2019 Banana 6 15 90
1/29/2019 Apple 9 14 126
1/29/2019 Apple 7 15 105
1/29/2019 Banana 5 14 70
1/30/2019 Apple 8 16 128
1/31/2019 Banana 6 18 108
ORMULA
(e.g. price, category, etc.).
uary, 2019 at a variety of rates.

s charged based on certain conditions set forth in the below tables:
Unit Rate Fruit Unit Rate

>5 Grapes >5
pples were sold when less than 5 were sold in an instance.

ananas were sold when more than 5 were sold in an instance.
apes were sold when more than 10 were sold in an instance.
FIXED FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The FIXED formula is used when you want to modify the value of a cell to remove the decimals or comma
Number : The value or cell which you want to fix.
Decimals : The number of decimal you want to fix.
No commas :Refers to whether you want commas in the value or not (i.e. nothing or FALSE = with comm
Example:
In the following example, we are going to fix the values in the value column based on the details of the "R
Value FIXED Formula

23,234.23455 23,234.23 =FIXED(D25,2)
1,123.21 1,123 =FIXED(D26,0)
46,590 46,590.0 =FIXED(D27,1)
678,900.55 678901 =FIXED(D28,0,1)
12522 12,522.00 =FIXED(D29,2,0)
2346 2,345.679 =FIXED(D30,3,0)
FIXED FORMULA
alue of a cell to remove the decimals or commas.
value or not (i.e. nothing or FALSE = with comma, and TRUE = no comma).
the value column based on the details of the "Required Fix" column.
Required Fix
Two decimals points with comma.
No decimal with comma.
One decimal with comma.
No decimal and no comma.
Two decimals with comma.
Three decimals with comma.
FIND FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

To find any text from a selected range of texts. The FIND formula will return the relative position of where
in the cell it is being searched in.
Find_text: The text which we are attempting to find.
Within_text : The text which we want to search.
Start_num : The numerical position of the text which we are beginning to start the search. If omitted st
Example #1:
In this example, we are going to attempt to find the text in the "Find_text" column from the "Within_text"
Solution #1:
Find_text Within_text [start_num] FIND

are How are you? 5
am I am fine, and you? 3
do Pretty good. Where do you live? 20
in I live in Dhaka in Bangladesh. 8 8
in I live in Dhaka in Bangladesh. 9 17
where However, where do you live? 10

in I live in Ottawa in Canada. 1 8
do What do you do in Canada? 2 6
of I am a student of Canada University. 16
Are Are you living in Canada permanently? 1
I Yes, I am a citizen of Canada. 6
Do you want to settle in Canada after the
study completion of study? 57
my No, I will return to my home country. 22
a Are you a student? 9
my No, I have already completed my study. 30
now Hence, what are you doing now? 27
I have been working in an IT firm since two
IT years. 27
good It's good. 6
bye I have to go now. Good bye. 24
you Thank you. See you another day. 2 7
I I hope I will meet with you again. 2 8
Example #2:
Note that the FIND formula is case sensitive. For example, lets assume we want to perform a lookup of th
has a capital E for the first letter.
Text lookup Lookup value

e Example
Solution #2:
Result: 7
In this solution we can see that the FIND formula returns the 7th character for e which is the last letter of
FIND FORMULA
rn the relative position of where the text being searched is located
to start the search. If omitted start_num=1.
" column from the "Within_text" column.
=FIND(C28,D28) This means that the "are" word is located at the fifth character of the
cell D28 containing the word "How are you"
=FIND(C31,D31,E31) In this example, we are using character 8 as the starting point of the
analysis. Character 8 is where the word "in" begins and therefore
it does not alter the result. The FIND formula will begin searching
at the 8th character and it returns the result that it found it at the 8th
character.
=FIND(C36,D36,E36) Next, we perform the search of the word "in" but this time we start
the search at the 9th character n the "within_text" column. In this case
the search does not pickup the "in" since it has begun the search
at the letter n. It does locate the second word "in" within the sentence
and returns the result 17 since the second word "in" begins at
character 17 in the sentence.
want to perform a lookup of the letter e in the word example and the word example
r for e which is the last letter of the word because our search was a lower case e.
RAND FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The RAND formula is used to insert random numeric values which are greater than 0 but less than 1.
This can be used if you are trying to insert random percentages in a worksheet because decimals in excel
as percentages.
Note that everytime you refresh the screen, the data will randomize. Therefore, if you are looking to rand
then the best practice is to randomize the data, copy it, and paste special the values somewhere elese in
RAND There is no required value to use in this formula. You just need to type =RAND() to use the fo
Example :
In this example, we are going to insert random small value (i.e. between 0 and 1) into a data table below.
Solution:
Name Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

A 0.9629673 0.4828376 0.6450298 0.9223718 0.3064221 0.1539178
B 0.6189694 0.3456729 0.1143128 0.6589752 0.1275302 0.2937566
C 0.4942964 0.384982 0.2073844 0.8742523 0.833256 0.5363439
D 0.2695469 0.8158521 0.2881321 0.1852717 0.961862 0.0061282
E 0.1146361 0.402051 0.8206327 0.5177165 0.2653746 0.6137572
F 0.0156687 0.7446428 0.0888464 0.3848643 0.6451974 0.4938852
G 0.528156 0.079012 0.0233812 0.9066746 0.3057776 0.9881621
H 0.7879944 0.5937577 0.993481 0.6295467 0.9079103 0.5643056
I 0.7020416 0.3576593 0.2056793 0.0944306 0.1633398 0.5363072
J 0.1069289 0.3534083 0.3513103 0.7555017 0.7746552 0.0522625
K 0.1063197 0.4917923 0.6893434 0.3139926 0.0528388 0.8957944
L 0.9031359 0.8296522 0.0338632 0.7968735 0.1990648 0.1273911
M 0.6286417 0.5635383 0.1888682 0.591924 0.013218 0.3807819
N 0.6486002 0.1568129 0.675899 0.2852414 0.6237736 0.4585236
O 0.1664576 0.8084074 0.1139455 0.5537664 0.7725017 0.9022931
P 0.8917058 0.3805086 0.2161818 0.7578474 0.3730199 0.7032827
Q 0.3407376 0.0705879 0.7887924 0.3025801 0.1964805 0.1984193
R 0.0207824 0.2841504 0.0556314 0.2371005 0.2970433 0.4069163
S 0.6121998 0.4505716 0.2524707 0.528177 0.6475658 0.6208189
T 0.4127802 0.0219368 0.4125925 0.1529065 0.1372263 0.1111049
U 0.7880533 0.8991255 0.1306983 0.741797 0.6042831 0.567442
V 0.2557108 0.1520298 0.4470829 0.7784977 0.9364838 0.6150545
W 0.1918001 0.4921762 0.3593895 0.3887455 0.9436796 0.2348612
X 0.8531575 0.298796 0.861604 0.004406 0.0682035 0.0554487
Y 0.188686 0.7502605 0.879474 0.8402009 0.1010524 0.7982312
Z 0.2943846 0.615149 0.8111312 0.8677907 0.2134084 0.8181288
A
an 0 but less than 1.

ecause decimals in excel can also be treated
you are looking to randomize data once and then store it

ues somewhere elese in the worksheet.
e =RAND() to use the formula.
into a data table below.

RANDBETWEEN FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The RANDBETWEEN formula is used to insert random numeric values according to your specification bet
Note that everytime you refresh the screen, the data will randomize. Therefore, if you are looking to rand
then the best practice is to randomize the data, copy it, and paste special the values somewhere elese in
Bottom: The minimum value of our requirement.
Top: The maximum value of our requirement.
Example :
In this example, we are going to insert random values between 20000 to 50000 into a data table below.
=RANDBETWEEN(20000,50000)
Solution:
Name Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

A 32379 39531 36794 38878 38009 28512
B 35086 26033 32474 20459 24942 42017
C 21802 25289 22341 43173 30728 49214
D 33142 34319 33146 29921 21790 29654
E 33013 35178 30669 29546 36638 37107
F 35228 34749 47598 39686 48338 36608
G 35801 21512 29085 32242 22940 30240
H 43737 42176 21756 47827 35025 49431
I 35361 22636 20619 45053 31778 40659
J 30097 45617 24827 42652 23629 45189
K 41994 32357 29491 29015 20573 39292
L 30416 33267 34411 49615 44256 42262
M 42328 37349 42673 21842 29141 27943
N 42003 44802 26489 27696 28974 37711
O 30900 33097 23358 31909 20213 28280
P 25816 39963 33855 38053 33354 30206
Q 28169 46702 37839 30331 28011 49562
R 34627 32376 36069 20002 49362 44369
u 31976 20168 27950 48874 34838 26735
T 35253 47407 36718 49818 47953 35850
U 28538 33389 30883 42470 27188 24126
V 33180 24577 34705 35189 37245 45546
W 20917 30763 33655 27359 27500 49123
X 44974 33227 45592 40391 48166 40018
Y 37210 33713 23364 26049 40151 48132
Z 22275 27084 34680 22853 37098 37488
MULA
to your specification between a bottom and top threshold.

you are looking to randomize data once and then store it
ues somewhere elese in the worksheet.
nto a data table below.

TRIM FORMULA
Typical Use Cases:

The TRIM formula is used to remove all unnecessary spaces from the selected text.
Text The cell that containing text which you want to modify.
Example:
In this example, we have some cells which contain way to many spaces between the words. We will use th
Solution:
Text with extra spaces TRIM text

My name is Nazmul. My name is Nazmul.
I live in Bangladesh. I live in Bangladesh.
I am 25 years old. I am 25 years old.
I am a student of ICAB. I am a student of ICAB.
I love my profession. I love my profession.
ORMULA
the words. We will use the TEXT formula to remove the unwanted spaces.
RANK FORMULA
Typical Use Cases

This formula is normally used to show ranking (high to low, or low to high) of any set of values.
Formula Explanation
Number It means the number for which you want find the rank. You can reference a c
Reference It is an array of, or reference to, a list of numbers. The reference must be num
Order Order means the order about ranking either it will be highest to lowest (desc
Example
In this example we will rank the sales amount ($) of the divisions of a car dealership. We will rank them in
Division Sales Amount ($)

Division 1 1,000,000
Division 3 975,400
Division 4 876,000
Division 7 997,800
Division 10 1,010,000
Division 11 1,000,450
Division 12 987,000
Solution
For the rank analysis we set forth the following:
Number is the individual sales amount to be evaluated for rank.
Reference is the range of numbers where we are evaluating the rank.
Order is given in both the ways i.e. Ascending (lowest one will be no.1 and highest one will be at the
and Descending (highest one will be no.1 and lowest one will be at the last number) by using 0.
The results of the ranking are in columns F and G above.

In the descending rank column, the first rank is the division 9 which has sales of $1.5M (the largest) and t
In the ascending rank column, the first rank is the division 4 which has the smallest amount of sales at $8
RANK FORMULA
ow to high) of any set of values.
want find the rank. You can reference a cell here which contains a number.
st of numbers. The reference must be numeric.
ng either it will be highest to lowest (descending), or lowest to highest (ascending).
s of a car dealership. We will rank them in descending order and then in ascending order.
0 for Descending, and

1 for Ascending
Rank (Descending) Rank (Ascending)

8 5
3 10
11 2
12 1
4 9
2 11
9 4
6 7
1 12
5 8
7 6
10 3
will be no.1 and highest one will be at the last number) by using 1,
ll be at the last number) by using 0.
hich has sales of $1.5M (the largest) and the division 4 is the 12th rank.
ich has the smallest amount of sales at $876k. The division 9 has the highest sales ans is therefore ranked 12.
CHOOSE FORMUL
Typical Use Cases

The CHOOSE formula is used to index a number and return a desired comment based on the number.
Formula Explanation
Index number This specifies which value argument is selected. It must be a number between
Value 1, Value 2… Value 1, value 2, etc can be cell references, defined names, formulas, function
sequential order. For instance, if you choose a range to index and perform th
number indexed.
Example
In this example, we will insert a comment into the right side of the below table based on the GPA scores
outstanding (4).
Solution:
Name GPA
Matthew 3.00
Rehan 4.00
Wyatt 2.00
Malakara 4.00
Harrison 3.00
Adam 3.00
Mark 3.00
Hannah 3.00
Scott 4.00
Kelly 1.00
Tanis 4.00
Amanda 3.00
Heather 4.00
Breanna 3.00
Alannah 4.00
Erik 1.00
Erin 2.00
Blaine 1.00
Georgia 4.00
Patrick 2.00
Pearl 3.00
In the above table:
Index_number is each GPA for which we want to make comment.
Value 1 is 'Poor' which refers to CGPA 1.00
Value 2 is 'Average' which refers to CGPA 2.00
Value 3 is 'Good' which refers to CGPA 3.00
Value 4 is 'Outstanding' which refers to CGPA 4.00
CHOOSE FORMULA
esired comment based on the number.
t is selected. It must be a number between 1 and 254, or a formula or a reference to a number between 1 and 254.
erences, defined names, formulas, functions, or text arguments from which CHOOSE selects. They must be in
u choose a range to index and perform the lookup to a value range, the first value will be returned for the first
the below table based on the GPA scores of students. The value options are poor (1), average (2), good (3), and
Comment Comment
Good Poor Value 1
Outstanding Average Value 2
Average Good Value 3
Outstanding Outstanding Value 4
Good
Good Note the values must be placed in sequential order.
Good
Good
Outstanding
Poor
Outstanding
Good
Outstanding
Good
Outstanding
Poor
Average
Poor
Outstanding
Average
Good
CORREL FORMULA
Typical Use Cases

The CORREL formula is used to find the coefficient correlation between two data sets.
Formula explanation
In the syntax the arguments refer to:
Array 1: The first set of data for analysis
Array 2: The second set of data for analysis
Example #1:
A mathematics professor at a University has asked students to provide an honest poll of how many hours
determine the correlation between study hours and the test result percentages using this data.
Solution #1:
The students provide their study hours per week in the table below and the professor indicaes the succes
Using the correlation formula in excel it has been determined that there is a 97% correlation between the
Coefficient correlation: 97%
Study hours (per Test result

Student
week) Percentage (%)
Student #1 12 52%
Student #2 15 55%
Student #3 18 60%
Student #4 20 66%
Student #5 22 70%
Student #6 25 70%
Student #7 28 80%
Student #8 30 92%
In our formula,
array1 is the set of study hours.
array2 is the set of test result percentages.
Example #2
The manager of an antique shop has rare inventory on hand for items dating back to 1920. The manager
The manager wants to understand the correlation of time (years) to the demand for the antiques using th
Solution #2:
Using the correlation formula in excel, we calculate there to be a 72% correlation between the increase in
This is an indication that the antiques are continuing to grow in demand as time passes by.
Coefficient correlation: 72%
Year Demand (Units)

2007 60
2008 97
2009 82
2010 20
2011 91
2012 92
2013 101
2014 103
2015 110
2016 120
2017 130
2018 120
In our formula,
array1 is the set of years.
array2 is the set of demand in units.
CORREL FORMULA
between two data sets.
provide an honest poll of how many hours per week they each study. The mathematics professor wants to
ult percentages using this data.
elow and the professor indicaes the success percentage below as well.
hat there is a 97% correlation between the number of study hours put in and the test result percentages.
r items dating back to 1920. The manager wants to analyze the demand over time for the antiques.
s) to the demand for the antiques using the data in the below table.
a 72% correlation between the increase in time and the increase in demand for the antiques.
demand as time passes by.
FORECAST FORMUL
Typical Use Cases

The FORECAST formula is used to create a prediction about an item (e.g. sales, profit, etc.) by using previo
There is a limitation in the simplicity of this forecast formula. This formula provides a prediction based on
forecast if other variables may influence the outcome.
Formula explanation
x It is the data point for which you want to predict a value and must be numer
known_ys It is the dependant array or range of numeric data.
known_xs It is the independent array or range of numeric data. The variance of known_
Example #1
We have the monthly sales for cars at a Toronto dealership for part of 2020 in the below table. Based on
for the year 2021.
Month Car sales

Jan-20 16
Feb-20 20
Mar-20 18
Apr-20 22
May-20 30
Jun-20 19
Solution #1:
We can use the FORECAST formula in excel to create the forecast based on the months
we are analyzing for 2020 and the forecast months for 2021.
Month Car sales

Jan-21 34
Feb-21 36
Mar-21 37
Apr-21 38
May-21 40
Jun-21 41
In our formula:
x is the month for which we want predict the car sales.
known_ys are the historical months.
known_xs are the historical car sales in the historical months.
Example #2:
The below report shows monthly income and expense for XYZ company for 2020. The company's FP&A a
as the basis of the forecast.
Month Income
Jan-20 $ 3,000
Feb-20 $ 3,150
Mar-20 $ 2,900
Apr-20 $ 2,980
May-20 $ 3,020
Jun-20 $ 3,290
Solution #2:
Using the above table and the FORECAST formula in excel, we can forecast the 2022 monthly income and
Month Income
Jan-22 $ 3,771
Feb-22 $ 3,805
Mar-22 $ 3,836
Apr-22 $ 3,870
May-22 $ 3,902
Jun-22 $ 3,936
In our formula,
x is the month for which we want to predict Income and Expense.
known_ys are the set of income (when forecasting income) and expense (when forecasting expense) of 2
known_xs are the set months of 2020.
FORECAST FORMULA
item (e.g. sales, profit, etc.) by using previous results as a basis.

is formula provides a prediction based on historical results and trends. It cannot be taken as an accurate
ant to predict a value and must be numeric value.

of numeric data.
e of numeric data. The variance of known_xs must not be zero.
part of 2020 in the below table. Based on this data, we would like to forecast the sales for the same periods
st based on the months

company for 2020. The company's FP&A analyst wants to forecast the same months for 2022 using this data
Expense
$ 2,750
$ 2,800
$ 2,520
$ 2,600
$ 2,700
$ 2,710
can forecast the 2022 monthly income and expense for the same months.
Expenses
$ 2,428
$ 2,416
$ 2,406
$ 2,394
$ 2,382
$ 2,370
d expense (when forecasting expense) of 2020.

FREQUENCY FORMUL
Formula explanation
data_array This is an array of data where we want count frequencies. Note that blanks an
bin_array This is an array of data where we want to group the values in data_array.
Typical Use Cases

The FREQUENCY formula in excel is used to count the number of times an item appears in an array. It is u
a range. An alternative to this is to use a COUNTIFS function
Example:
We have a list of employees of a company. The HR analyst would like to determine the total number of e
i. Number of employees who have salary of $10,000.

ii. Number of employees who have salary of more than $10,000 and up to $15,000.
iii. Number of employees who have salary of more than $15,000 but less than $20,000.
iv. Number of employees who have salary of more than $20,000 but less than $25,000.
v. Number of employees who have salary of more than $25,000 but less than $30,000.
Solution:
Using the FREQUENCY formula, we are going to count the total number of employees which meet the ab
Salary Count
$ 10,000 8
$ 14,999 19
$ 19,999 16
$ 24,999 5
$ 29,999 1
Raw data
Employee ID Name Department

1001 Employee - 1 ACT
1002 Employee - 2 PRD
1003 Employee - 3 HRD
1005 Employee - 5 SLS
1007 Employee - 7 MKT
1011 Employee - 11 WRH
1016 Employee - 16 PCT
FREQUENCY FORMULA
ant count frequencies. Note that blanks and text are ignored.
ant to group the values in data_array.
of times an item appears in an array. It is useful to count the number of times a numerical value appears in
ld like to determine the total number of employees which fall into the below categories:
0 and up to $15,000.
0 but less than $20,000.
number of employees which meet the above conditions.
Number of employees who have salary of $10,000.

Number of employees who have salary of more than $10,000 but less than $15,000.
Number of employees who have salary between $15,000 - $19,999
Designation Present Salary

EX $ 11,000
EX $ 10,000
EX $ 10,000
SE $ 17,000
SM $ 19,000
SM $ 18,000
SE $ 16,000
SM $ 18,000
EX $ 12,000
EX $ 12,000
EX $ 10,000
M $ 26,000
EX $ 10,000
EX $ 13,000
EX $ 12,000
SM $ 18,000
EX $ 13,000
SM $ 23,000
EX $ 12,000
SE $ 16,000
SM $ 18,000
EX $ 11,000
SE $ 18,000
SE $ 15,000
AM $ 20,000
EX $ 11,000
AM $ 18,000
EX $ 11,000
EX $ 12,000
EX $ 13,000
EX $ 10,000
EX $ 10,000
EX $ 10,000
SE $ 14,000
EX $ 10,000
AM $ 19,000
EX $ 12,000
EX $ 11,000
EX $ 11,000
GM $ 19,000
SE $ 17,000
AM $ 22,000
EX $ 13,000
GM $ 21,000
SE $ 16,000
EX $ 11,000
DM $ 30,000
SE $ 17,000
EX $ 12,000
GM $ 22,000
ISNUMBER FORMULA
Typical Use Cases

The ISNUMBER formula is used to determine whether a cell contains a number or not. This can be useful
which contains data but you want to only apply the formula to cells which have numbers.
Formula explanation
value This is the cell in which we want to analyze for whether it is a number or not.
Example
We have a sales sheet and want to make a column for the annualized sales amount on the right column o
and multiplying it by 365 days. However, some amounts in the amount column contain letters which nee
Solution:
Using the ISNUMBER formula, we can calculate the annualized sales amount only on the values which co
below for the result.
SL. Name Date
1 Betsy 2004/04/01
2 Hallagan 2004/03/10
3 Ashley 2005/02/25
4 Hallagan 2006/05/22
5 Colleen 2006/12/17
6 Ashley 2006/07/05
7 Betsy 2006/08/07
8 Ashley 2004/11/29
9 Zaret 2006/09/20
10 Emilee 2004/04/12
11 Colleen 2006/04/30
12 Jen 2005/08/31
13 Jen 2004/10/27
14 Zaret 2005/11/27
15 Zaret 2006/06/02
16 Colleen 2004/06/06
17 Emilee 2006/09/20
18 Cici 2005/07/07
19 Cristina 2005/04/10
20 Jen 2006/05/22
21 Cristina 2004/04/12
22 Cici 2004/06/28
23 Cristina 2004/04/12
24 Cristina 2005/12/08
25 Hallagan 2005/11/05
26 Zaret 2006/07/16
27 Ashley 2004/04/12
28 Jen 2005/01/23
29 Emilee 2005/08/31
30 Zaret 2005/12/19
31 Cici 2005/03/19
32 Cici 2006/06/13
33 Betsy 2006/08/18
34 Jen 2004/05/26
35 Zaret 2004/04/12
36 Colleen 2006/05/11
37 Cici 2004/11/18
38 Emilee 2006/12/06
39 Betsy 2005/09/22
40 Zaret 2006/06/02
41 Cici 2005/05/24
42 Colleen 2006/05/22
43 Hallagan 2005/10/25
44 Zaret 2006/02/12
45 Ashley 2006/11/14
46 Jen 2004/06/28
47 Jen 2006/12/28
48 Betsy 2006/02/01
49 Colleen 2005/02/03
50 Betsy 2005/02/03
51 Emilee 2005/12/30
52 Emilee 2005/09/11
53 Emilee 2005/03/30
54 Betsy 2004/03/21
55 Jen 2004/05/04
56 Colleen 2005/06/15
ISNUMBER FORMULA
ntains a number or not. This can be useful if you want to write conditional logic based on a column
cells which have numbers.
analyze for whether it is a number or not.
alized sales amount on the right column of the spreadsheet by taking the daily sales amount
amount column contain letters which need to be excluded.
sales amount only on the values which contain numbers. Refer to the right side of the table
=IF(ISNUMBER(G29)=TRUE,G29*365,0)
In our example, we use an IF statement with a nested ISNUMBER formula
to check whether the amount is a number and then perform the calculation
Products sold Amount ISNUMBER Annualized Amount
lip gloss $ 137 $ 1 $ 50,080

foundation $ 152 $ 1 $ 55,483
lipstick as45- $ - $ -
lip gloss $ 167 $ 1 $ 60,982
lip gloss $ 218 $ 1 $ 79,511
eye liner $ 227 $ 1 $ 82,724
lip gloss fd $ - $ -
mascara $ 131 $ 1 $ 47,755
foundation $ (22) $ 1 $ (8,027)
mascara vd $ - $ -
mascara $ 200 $ 1 $ 72,874
lip gloss $ 265 $ 1 $ 96,793
eye liner … $ - $ -
lip gloss $ 173 $ 1 $ 63,187
mascara $ 38 $ 1 $ 13,900
lip gloss gf $ - $ -
lip gloss $ 8 $ 1 $ 2,865
eye liner $ 149 $ 1 $ 54,205
lip gloss $ 80 $ 1 $ 29,272
lip gloss $ 108 $ 1 $ 39,417
lip gloss er $ - $ -
mascara $ 149 $ 1 $ 54,304
foundation $ 104 $ 1 $ 37,994
lip gloss $ 26 $ 1 $ 9,576
foundation @ $ - $ -
lip gloss $ 2 $ 1 $ 864
mascara fa $ - $ -
eye liner $ (19) $ 1 $ (6,764)
eye liner $ 17 $ 1 $ 6,215
eye liner $ 80 $ 1 $ 29,308
foundation $ 5 $ 1 $ 1,829
lipstick $ (8) $ 1 $ (2,780)
eye liner $ 251 $ 1 $ 91,682
mascara kj $ - $ -
foundation $ 188 $ 1 $ 68,644
eye liner $ 176 $ 1 $ 64,412
mascara vf $ - $ -
mascara $ 80 $ 1 $ 29,378
lipstick $ 233 $ 1 $ 85,166
foundation $ 206 $ 1 $ 75,105
foundation $ 179 $ 1 $ 65,230
eye liner % $ - $ -
mascara $ 185 $ 1 $ 67,365
mascara )) $ - $ -
foundation $ (25) $ 1 $ (9,147)
eye liner $ 242 $ 1 $ 88,511
eye liner gt $ - $ -
lip gloss $ (9) $ 1 $ (3,467)
foundation $ 140 $ 1 $ 51,011
mascara vf $ - $ -
foundation $ 245 $ 1 $ 89,414
lip gloss $ 257 $ 1 $ 93,643
eye liner ss $ - $ -
lip gloss $ 64 $ 1 $ 23,479
mascara cs $ - $ -
foundation $ 247 $ 1 $ 90,324
CONVERT COLUMN LETTER TO NUMBER F
Typical Use Cases

This formula is used to find out the number of any column letter (e.g. A,B,C,D, etc).
This can have many purposes. For instance, in the OFFSET formula, we make reference to a specific cell an
the number of rows or columns from it. If you use the COLUMN formula, you can count how many colum
Formula explanation
There are two ways in which we can use the COLUMN formula.
1) =COLUMN(REFERENCE CELL)
This formula will return the column number of the reference cell.
2) =COLUMN(INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1]))
This formula will allow you enter a column letter in the ref_text part of the formula to return the column n
COLUMN To get the column number.

INDIRECT To find the ref_text.
ref_text Cell containing the column letter for which we are finding it's number.
a1 Logical value that helps to specify the reference.
Example #1:
Let's say we have a number in cell I23 of 100 and want to make reference to it's column number.
Solution #1:
We could use the above formula option #1 to determine this as follows:
Column: 9 =COLUMN(I23)
Example #2:
Let's say we have a table full of column letters and we want to make a list of their column numbers. We c
INDIRECT formula to determine this.
Solution #2:
In order to find out the required result, we have complete following procedure:
1. Go to the cell where you want to find out the result.
2. Write the formula according to above syntax =COLUMN(INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1]))
3. For the ref_text, make it equal to the column letter and type & "1"
COLUMN(INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1]))
Column Number
A 1
G 7
N 14
AA 27
BA 53
CX 102
DB 106
EY 155
JC 263
LP 328
TC 523
VD 576
BCD #REF!
CCC #REF!
XFD #REF!
T COLUMN LETTER TO NUMBER FORMULA
er (e.g. A,B,C,D, etc).

ula, we make reference to a specific cell and then the lookup to that cell can be offset by
N formula, you can count how many columns away a particular cell is.
part of the formula to return the column number of that column letter.
or which we are finding it's number.

he reference.
reference to it's column number. 100
make a list of their column numbers. We can use the COLUMN formula with the nested
wing procedure:
IRECT(ref_text, [a1]))
UMN(INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1]))
Formula:
=COLUMN(INDIRECT(D45&"1"))
1
STRIP NON-NUMERIC CHARACTER
Typical Use Case

There is a string of formula that can be written to strip out only the non-numerical values from a cell and
in situations where you need to calculate the sum of data contained in a cell which has non-numeric valu
e.g. for serial numbers or other purposes.
Formula explanation
Syntax: =TEXTJOIN("",TRUE,IFERROR(MID(A1,ROW(INDIRECT("1:100")),1)+0,""))
In the above formula, every item except A1 will be same for every situation. Instead of typing A1 you wou
This formula uses the MID formula which works from the inside out to remove non-numeric characters.
The ROW and INDIRECT functions act to reference an array of the numbers between 1 and 100.
Example:
We have the below raw data in the "Original Data" column and would like to make a column of only the n
Original Data Revised Data

asd5-??2637vbhu 52637
21hr982h498h23 2198249823
ui432hr4iuh2iu 43242
43ui3hfiu32hf 43332
wqfiu3iu2hfiuh 32
234hiu32hf 23432
3h42 342
f23iu4h2fu 2342
f843298 843298
f23iu4h2fu8f2 234282
TRIP NON-NUMERIC CHARACTERS FORMULA
the non-numerical values from a cell and only return the numerical values. This is useful
ained in a cell which has non-numeric values or if you need only numeric portions of a text string
A1,ROW(INDIRECT("1:100")),1)+0,""))
ry situation. Instead of typing A1 you would select the cell containing the value you would like to strip.
out to remove non-numeric characters.
he numbers between 1 and 100.
would like to make a column of only the numeric values beside it in the "Revised Data" column.
SUM OF SMALLEST OR LARGES
Typical Use Cases

To calculate the sum of the smallest or largest set of numbers in an array.
Formula explanation
Syntax: =SUM(SMALL(array,{1,2,n})) or SUMPRODUCT(SMALL(array,{1,2,n})) --> both
=SUM(LARGE(array,{1,2,n})) or SUMPRODUCT(LARGE(array,{1,2,n})) --> both
In the above syntax the formulas and arguments refer:

1,2,n The chronological order of a particulars number of values you'd like to calcul
array The set of values from which we want to find out the SUM.
SMALL Find the smallest values from the array.
LARGE Find the largest values from the array.
SUM or SUMPRODUCT make the total of selected orders of values.
Example
We have a set of values in the below table containing daily sales. We would like to find out the sum of th
Solution:
Using the SUM formula nested with the SMALL formula we can calculate the sum of the smallest 5 sales q
SUM of 5 bottom values: 51
Date Sales Quantities

1-Jan-20 15
8-Jan-20 22
9-Jan-20 11
15-Jan-20 10
16-Jan-20 9
17-Jan-20 13
20-Jan-20 32
21-Jan-20 65
22-Jan-20 24
23-Jan-20 75
24-Jan-20 71
25-Jan-20 45
26-Jan-20 89
27-Jan-20 29
28-Jan-20 66
29-Jan-20 8
30-Jan-20 21
31-Jan-20 41
Here, we have determined the sum i.e. 51 of 5 bottom values i.e. 8,9,10,11, and
SUM OF SMALLEST OR LARGEST N VALUES FUNCTION
MPRODUCT(SMALL(array,{1,2,n})) --> both of these formula achieve the same result.

MPRODUCT(LARGE(array,{1,2,n})) --> both of these formula achieve the same result.
ulars number of values you'd like to calculate the summation of.

ant to find out the SUM.
s. We would like to find out the sum of the smallest 5 sales for the month.
calculate the sum of the smallest 5 sales quantities for Janary 2020.
=SUM(SMALL(D26:D43,{1,2,3,4,5}))
SUM the 5 values that are smallest in the list
=SUM(SMALL(B16:B33,{1,2,3,4,5}))
e. 8,9,10,11, and 13.

Excel Course Part 3 - Formula

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Excel Course Part 3 - Formula

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Copyright Commerce Curve www.commercecurve.

thout the express written consent of Commerce Curve.

UPPER, LOWER, PROPER FOR

Typical use cases:

Product Description (From System)

Car Dealer Branch Location (From System) Product Description (Lower)

ation. The product description raw data exported in

anch locations should have a capital

se formulas to the right side fo the data

Car Dealer Branch Location (Proper)

Typical use case:

Solution - Method With Formula

Solution - Method Without Formula:

zontal view and you need it in the opposite direction.

ce the data to be transposed.

200 300 400 550

Typical use cases:

Branch Sales Revenue

Date Product Code

that meet criteria that you specify.

ng the branch location.

Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use cases:

Date Product Code Product Description

he criterion to perform the count.

ow many cars were sold in California for the current year.

Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use cases:

Date Product Code

) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria.

cing the branch location column.

Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use cases:

Branch Location Product Description

Date Product Code

s which contain the numerical values to added together.

e are found, their corresponding values in Sum_range are added.

Total sales for each product description

ge of a specific branch location.

ge of what type of product description should be summed in a specified branch location.

Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use cases:

Branch Location Product Description

Date Product Code

the number of times all criteria are met.

e in which to evaluate the criteria set in criteria1.

Total number of sales for each product

data range of a specific branch location.

Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use cases:

Criteria1, Criteria2 (required) Criteria1 is required, subsequent criteria are optional. 1 to 12

Date Product Code

including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.

Average sales for each product description

specific branch location.

hat type of product should be averaged in a specified branch location.

Product Description Branch Location Sales Revenue

Typical use Cases:

Alabama Quarter panel

Date Product Description

Alabama Quarter panel

Date Product Description

Alabama Quarter panel