TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS

PAGE NO.
SI. NO. CONTENTS

1 DESIGN OF DECK SLAB 1 - 14

2 DESIGN OF DIAPHRAGM 15 - 23

3 DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL CANTILEVER SLAB 24 - 26

SUBJECT : Transverse Analysis of Two Cell Box Girder

TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS OF ThREE CELL BOX - DECK

Transverse analysis of two cell box is done using STAAD-Pro 2007plane frame to evaluate the forces
due to self weight, superimposed dead load, live load 3 lanes of Class-A or class 70R+CLASS-A
including impact.

The box is analysed for mid section only. The same reinforcement will be provided at support sections
where the thickness of the web is increased. The cross section of the box at mid span and at support are
given on separate sheets.

The transverse bending moments are incresed by 5% to cater for the distorsion of box due to eccentric
live loads.

Effective span of box girder = 27.9 m

The folowing materials and permissible stresses are considered in the design of Box.

Grade of concrete - M 45
Grade of steel - HYSD Fe 415

Permissible stresses

max compression in concrete 0.33fck = 14.99 Mpa

max tensile stress in steel = 200.0 Mpa
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 40 mm (refer IRC:21-2000 clause 304.3.1. for
M45 grade under severe condition)
CALCULATION OF LOADS

The box is analysed for the following loading conditions using STAAD-Pro 2007 plane frame.

1) self weight

The forces & moments in the box are evaluated by giving density of concrete = 25 kn/m3
as input in the STAAD-Pro 2007 plane frame for appropriate section properties.

2) superimposed dead load

wearing coat = 0.075 x 23.0 x 7.5 = 12.9375 kn/m

footpath slab = 0.100 x 1.2 x 24 = 2.94 kn/m

kerb below handrail = 0.225 x 25.0 x 0.3 = 1.69 kn/m

Handrails = 1.000 x 25.0 x 0.36 = 9.00 kn/m

Crash Barrier = 10.00 Kn/m

Moment at face of box girder :-

Depth at face of box girder = 0.45 m

Depth at free end = 0.22 m

Length of cantilever Portion beyond box edge = 3.03 m

Maximum Bending Moment due to weight of Slab :-

0.22 x 3.025 x 3.025/2 x 25 = 25.16 Kn-m

0.23 x 0.5 x 3.025 x 3.025/3 x 25 = 9.53 Kn-m

Moment due hand Railing = 25.12 Kn-m

2
 Moment due Foot path slab = 3.45 Kn-m

Moment due footpath live load = 7.33 Kn-m

Moment due safety curb = 14.59 Kn-m

Total = 85.19 Knm

3) Footpath Live Load
As per clause 209.4 (c) of IRC - 6,

4800
(
P= P −260+
|
L )(1615 . 5−W )
Load intensity, P = ( 500 - 260 + 4800 )x( 16.5 - 1.35 )
27.9 15

= 416.2 Kg/m2 or 4.162 KN/m2

Foot path L.L 4.162 KN/m2 x 1.5 = 6 KN/m

Weight of top slab/m average (450+220)/2 8.375 KN/m

Wearing coat 0.075*23 1.725 KN/m

Size of panel 2.833 x 6.675

3
CALCULATION OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete = M 45
Permissible stress in concrete s cbc = 14.99 mpa.
Permissible stress in steel sst = 200 mpa.
Modular ratio , m = 10

n = 1 = 1 = 0.428
1 + sst 1 + 200
m scbc 10 x 14.99

j = 1 - n = 0.857
3
Q = scbc n j = 2.751
2

Provide clear cover = 40 mm.

MOMENTS IN DECK SLAB

i) (Cantilever portion)
TOTAL DESIGN MOMENT = 85.19 knm

Effective depth required = M = 85.19 x 1.0E+06 = 176 mm

Qb 2.751 x 1000

Effective depth provided = 450.0 - 40 - 16

2
= 402 mm > 176 mm ... SAFE

Area of steel reqd. Ast = M = 85.19 x 1.0E+06

sst j d 200 x 0.857 x 402.0

= 1236 mm2/m

increase reinforcement by 5% = 1298 mm2/m

Provide f 16 + 12 @ 150 mm c/c = 2094 mm2/m

> 1298 mm2/m

... SAFE

4
Design of Diaphragm for box girder 30.00m

The diaphragm is designed as two span continuous beam supported on four bearings.Two
load conditions are considered for the diaphragm design.

Middle Diaphram :-

Maximim Compressive force in top flange = 5754.4 Kn/m2

Area of comression flange = 5.119 m2

maximum compressive force in flange = 29457 Kn

2.5% of compressive force two flanges = 1472.8 Kn

Area of Stell Required = 7364.2 mm2

Providing 25mm dia bara no of bars required = 15.029 nos

Provide 8 no.s of 25mm dia bars at top and 8 nos at bottom

Provide 8 nos of 12mm doa bars on each face

I.a) Service condition

The diaphragm attracts loads coming on the triangular portion of deck slab near the diaphragm
including the self-weight of deck slab in the triangular portion.

Span of the diaphragm = 2.833 m

20
 Impact Factor = 1 + 4.5
6 + 2.833
= 1.509 > 1.5

From STAAD analysis BM envelopes

Max. + ve Moment = 1.00 x 179.542 = 179.54 KNm

Max. - ve Moment = 1.00 x 735 = 735.0 KNm

Total Max. + ve Moment = 0.00 + 179.54 = 179.54 KNm

Total Max. - ve Moment = 0.00 + 735.00 = 735.0 KNm

II) Superstructure lifting for replacement of bearing case

Total Reaction on pier cap from box girder :--

a) Due to dead load = 3676.10 KN

b) Due to superimposed dead load = 889.800 KN
Total load = 4565.900 KN

Reaction from each web = 4565.9 / 4

= 1141.48 KN

Reaction from each jack = 4565.9 / 6

760.98 KN

1141.48 1141.48 1141.48 1141.48

625
625 625
625

Max. - ve Moment = 735.00 KNm > 735.00 KNm

Max. + ve Moment = 179.54 KNm < 179.54 KNm

21
Structural Design
Diaphragm span(c/c of webs) = 2.833 m
Clear span between webs = 2.383 m
As per clause 29.2 of IS:456
1.15 times clear span = 2.740 < 2.833 m
Hence adopt 2.833 m as the effective span
Diaphragm depth = 1.52 m
l/D = 2.833
1.52
= 1.866 < 2.5 for continuous beam

Hence the diaphragm is designed as a deep beam as per clause29 of IS:456 - 2000.

Lever arm Z = 0.2 ( L + 1.5 D)

= 0.2 x ( 2.833 + 1.5 x
1.52 )
= 1.022 m = 1022 mm

Allowable stress in H.Y.S.D s st = 200 Mpa

+ ve Reinforcement = 179.54 x 106

200 x 1022
= 878 mm2

Min. Reinforcement = 0.2 x 450 x 1518

100
= 1366.2 mm2
Provide 5 nos. Tor - 20 + 5 nos.Tor - 0
reinforcement provided at bottom 1571 mm 2

in 0.25D-0.05L from bottom i.e.in 238 mm from bottom of diaphragm.

- ve Reinforcement

Ast = 735.00 x 106 = 3596 > 1366.2 mm2

200 x 1022

Distribution of -ve Reinforcement

a ) at 0.2D = 0.2 x 1.52 = 0.30 m

Ast = 3596 x 0.5 x 2.833 - 0.5

1.5
= 2456 mm 2

Provide 4 nos. Tor- 20 + 4 nos. Tor- 20

( 2513 mm provided at top)
2

22
 b) Balance Ast = 3596 - 2513
= 1083 mm 2
to be distributed in 0.6D
below the Reinforcement at (a) above.
0.6 x D = 0.6 x 1.52 = 0.911 m
Hence, provide 12 nos. Tor - 12 at middle ( 1357 mm2 )

SHEAR

Since this is a deep beam shear does not govern. Hence provide Min.
shear Reinforcement of 0.15 %

Asv = 0.15 x 1000 x 500

100
= 750 mm2 / m
provide 4 L - Tor 12 @ 200 mm c/c
( 2262 mm2 /m )

23
PROVISION OF UNTENSIONED MILD STEEL REINFORCEMENT :

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT : ( Cl : 15.2 of IRC 18 - 2000 ) :

Minimum vertical reinforcement required as per clause 15.2 is 0.18 % of sectional area

Running section :

1 ) Sectional area of rib in plan = =1000 x 300 = 300000.0 mm 2

Sectional area of vertical reinforcement required = 0.18 x 300000 / 100 = 540.00 mm 2

Area of steel provided = 2 -L 12 mm dia @ 200.0 c /c

= 2 x 113.143x1000 = 1131.43 mm 2 hence o.k

200.0

2) Sectional area of rib at end = =1000 x 450 = 450000.0 mm 2

Sectional area of vertical reinforcement required = 0.18 x 450000 / 100 = 810.00 mm 2

Area of steel provided = 2- L 12 mm dia @ 200.0 c /c + 2- L 12 mm dia @ 200.0 c /c +

= 2 x 113.143x1000 + 2 x 113.143 x 1000 = 1131.43 + 1131.43 = 2262.86 mm 2 hence o.k

200.0 200.0

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT : ( Cl : 15.3 of IRC 18 - 2000 ) :

Minimum longitudinal reinforcement required as per clause 15.3 is 0.18 % of sectional area

1 ) Sectional area of vertical rib = =1593 x 300 = 477900.0 mm 2

Sectional area of vertical reinforcement required = 0.18 x 477900 / 100 = 860.22 mm 2

No. of bars required using 10 mm dia bars = 860.22 = 10.95 No.s

78.571

Hence provide 10 mm dia bars 20 no.s over for both faces of vertical ribs in longer direction in middle.

Hence provide 10 mm dia bars 32 no.s over for both faces of vertical ribs in longer direction at ends.

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT IN SOFIT SLAB : ( Cl : 15.4 of IRC 18 - 2000 ) :

Minimum longitudinal reinforcement for sofit slab required as per clause 15.4 is 0.2 % of sectional area and it is
distributed in at top and bottom .

At mid span :

Sectional area of soffit slab = =200x1000 = 200000.0 mm 2

Area of reinforcement required = 0.2 x 200000 / 100 = 400.00 mm 2

Using 12 mm dia spacing required = 200.00 = 565.00 mm

113.00
Hence provide 12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c both top and bottom

At support :

Sectional area of soffit slab = =200x1000 = 200000.0 mm 2

Area of reinforcement required = 0.2 x 200000 / 100 = 400.00 mm 2

Using 12 mm dia spacing required = 200 = 565.00 mm

113.00
Hence provide 12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c both top and bottom

Minimum transverse reinforcement in soffit slab required as per clause 15.4 is 0.2 % of sectional area and it is
distributed in at top and bottom .

Sectional area of soffit slab = =200x1000 = 200000.0 mm 2

Sectional area of vertical reinforcement required = 0.2 x 200000 / 100 = 400.00 mm 2

Using 12 mm dia spacing required = 200 = 565.00 mm
113.0

Hence provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c across the soffit slab both top and bottom

At support :

Sectional area of soffit slab = =200x1000 = 200000.0 mm 2

Area of reinforcement required = 0.2 x 200000 / 100 = 400.0 mm 2

Using 12 mm dia spacing required = 200 = 565.00 mm

113.00
Hence provide 12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c both top and bottom
DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL CANTILEVER SLAB (Slab beyond end diaphragm)

100 Kn

230
200
450

450 580

455 125
End diaphragm

805

A) Loads

i) Self weight of slab = 0.33 x 25 = 8.13 Kn/m2

ii) Wearing coat = 0.075 x 24 = 1.80 Kn/m2

Toatl = 9.93 Kn/m2

B M at support = 9.93 x 0.58 2

2
= 1.67 Kn-m

iii) Live Load

a) Class A Loading
Max.axle load = 100.00 Kn

Disperison width = 1.2 x 0.455 + ( 0.5 + 2 x 0.056 )

= 1.158 < 1.20

Therefore effective width = 1.158 m

Intencity of loading = 100.00 x 1.5 = 129.53 Kn/m

1.158

BM at support = 129.53 x 0.455 = 58.94 Knm/m

24
b) Due to 70R Tracked Load

450 mm of the total length of 4570 mm is coming on the cantilever

Hence Load = 580 x 350 = 44.42 Kn

4570

Effctive width = 1.2 x 0.29 + ( 0.84 + 2 x 0.056 )

= 1.3 < 2.90 m

Intencity of loading = 44.42 x 1.25 = 42.71 Kn/m

1.300

BM at Support = 42.71 x 0.29 = 12.39 Knm/m

< 58.94 Knm/m

Total BM = 1.67 + 58.94 = 60.61 Knm/m

B) Longitudinal Reinforcement

d provided = 450 - 40 - 12
2
= 404.00 mm

d reqd. = 60.61 x 10 6
1000 x 2.949

= 143.37 < 404.0 mm d prov.

Ast required = 60.61 x 10 6 = 724

240 x 0.863 x 404.0 mm2/m

Provide tor 12 @ 130 mm c/c ( = 870 mm2/m )

C) Distribution Reinforcement

For calculation of distribution reinforcement

M = 0.2 x 1.67 + 0.3 x 58.938

= 18.015 Knm/m

Ast required = 18.02 x 10 6 = 215

240 x 1 x 404 mm2/m

25
Provided steel is 10 Tor @ 140 mm c/c ( = 561 mm2/m )
> 215 mm2/m

26
D) Check for Shear

S.F at a distance of Eff.depth = ( 129.53 + 9.93 )x

( 0.580 - 0.404 )
= 24.54 Kn/m

Shear Stress = 24.545 x 1000 = 0.06 N/mm2

1000 x 404.00

% of steel = 870 x 100 = 0.22

1000 x 404.0

Allowable shear stress for M40 with 0.22 % reinforcement

(Table-12B of IRC:21-2000)
= 0.220 > 0.06 N/mm2

Hence Longitudinal Cantilever Slab is safe with out any shear reinforcement.

27
 DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

The Deck slab Panel is designed as a Two way slab spanning between the main girders and
Cross diaphragm, it is continuous.

C/c of Webs = 2.83 m

Web width of Web = 0.300 m
clear span (lx) between Webs = 2.533 m
C/c of Cross diaphragms = 6.975 m
Clear span (ly) between cross diaphragms = 6.675 m

Ratio of span k = ly/lx = 2.64 > 2.0

Traffic

2.83 m
Direction 2.533 m
Traffic
Direction

6.675 m

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

The deck slab pannel will be analysed using the tables given in "DESIGN TABLES FOR CONCRETE BRIDGE
DECK SLAB". A hand book published by SERC, ROORKEE both for the effects of dead load and concentrated
strip loads due to IRC loadings.
Pigueads method will be adopted for evaluating the design moments.

Panel dimension = 2.533 x 6.675 = 16.91 m2

Slab thickness = 220 mm
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm

Key charts corresponding to the nearest panel size,

Key chart
Panel size
No.
6.75 x 3.25 193

Dead Load on the Panel

Dead load due to Deck slab 0.22 x 16.91 x 25 = 93.0 kN

Dead load due to Wearing coat 0.075 x 16.91 x 24 = 30.4 kN
Total load (W) = 123.4 kN
0.73 t/m2
DEAD LOAD MOMENTS
Treating the slab as simply supported on all four sides, Dead load moments as per Table 4 of SERC

I) For panel size = 6.75 x 3.25 (Key chart No. = 193 )

Mxc = 326.70 x 0.73 = 238.5 kg-m/m

Myc = 1070.5 x 0.73 = 781.4 kg-m/m

Actual panel size = 6.68 x 2.53 m by inter polation

Mxc = 238.49 kg-m/m

= 2.38 KN-m/m

Myc = 781.44 kg-m/m

= 7.81 KN-m/m
LIVE LOAD MOMENTS

a) IRC - CLASS A A LOADING

Treating the slab as simply supported on all four sides, CLASS A live load moments are evaluated
as per Table 3 of SERC

I) For panel size = 6.75 x 3.25 (Key chart No. = 193 )

Mxc = 2213.77 kg-m/m

Myc = 4336.51 kg-m/m

Actual panel size = 6.68 x 2.53 m by inter polation

Mxc = 2213.77 kg-m/m

= 22.14 kN-m/m

Myc = 4336.51 kg-m/m

= 43.37 kN-m/m

Impact Factors For IRC Class AA

As per 211.2 of IRC 6for CLASS A
Impact Factor for Mxc = 1 + 4.5 = 1.3550296 < 1.5
6 + 6.68
= 1.355

Impact Factor for Myc = 1 + 4.5 = 1.5273644 > 1.5

6 + 2.53
= 1.50

"CLASS AA" - Live Load Moment with Impact are

Mxc = 22.138 x 1.355 = 30.00 kN-m

Myc = 43.365 x 1.500 = 65.05 kN-m

b) IRC - CLASS 70 R LOADING

Treating the slab as simply supported on all four sides, CLASS 70R live load moments are evaluated

I) For panel size = 6.75 x 3.25 (Key chart No. = 193 )

Mxc = 1719 kg-m/m

Myc = 1818.39 kg-m/m

Actual panel size = 6.68 x 2.53 m by inter polation

Mxc = 1719.00 kg-m/m

= 17.19 kN-m/m

Myc = 1818.39 kg-m/m

= 18.18 kN-m/m
As per 211.3 of IRC 6for CLASS 70 R wheeled vehicle Impact Factor = 1.25

"CLASS 70 R " - Live Load Moment with Impact are

Mxc = 17.19 x 1.250 = 21.49 kN-m < 30.00 ( Class AA)

Myc = 18.18 x 1.250 = 22.73 kN-m < 65.0 ( Class AA)

Hence IRC Class 70R loading Governs the Design

Total BM
DL B.M LL B.M

Mxc = 2.38 + 30.00 = 32.38 kN-m

Myc = 7.81 + 65.05 = 72.86 kN-m

Taking the effect of coninuity

Mxc = 0.80 x 32.38 = 25.91 kN-m

Myc = 0.80 x 72.86 = 58.29 kN-m

DESIGN OF SLAB
Grade of Concrete = M 45
Grade of steel = Fe 415

As Per 303.1, IRC:21 (note 1)

s cbc = 14.99 Mpa
m = 10.00
s st = 200 Mpa

n1 = 1 1 + 200 = 0.428
10.00 x 14.985

j = 0.857
R = 0.50 x 14.99 x 0.428 x 0.857
= 2.751
0.5
d reqd = 58.29 x 10 6

2.751 x 1000

= 146 < 187 mm ( Effective depth Provided)

Effective depth Provided = 220 - 25 - 8

= 187 mm
Reinforcement for Myc
Ast reqd For Myc = 58.29 x 106
200 x 0.857 x 187
= 1818 mm2 /m

Provide Tor - 16 @ 100 mm c/c at top and bottom

0 @ 170
Ast Provided = 2011 mm2 /m
Reinforcement for Mxc
Ast reqd For Mxc = 25.91 x 106
200 x 0.857 x 187
= 808 mm /m2

Provide Tor - 12 @ 130 mm c/c at top and bottom

Ast Provided = 870 mm2 /m