Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Topics: Branches of Social Science, Culture, Socialization, Elements of Culture, Sociological and
Anthropological Theories, Religion, Government, Family, School of Thoughts, Biological Psych, Social Psych,
Abnormal Psych etc.)
1. Social Science-the scientific study of human society and its origins, development, organizations, and
institutions.
9. Culture-Total pattern of human behavior and its products that are passed on from generation to
generation.
Cultural Evolution-gradual accumulative process of how culture is changed.
Cultural Integration-the degree to which a culture is internally consistent and homogeneous.
10. Socialization–Lifelong process that shapes personality of individuals to become members of a society
Ascribed Status- status given from birth, and is beyond one’s control (race).
Achieved Status- status that is acquired, which depends on personal accomplishments (profession)
16. Material Culture – Consists of all the physical objects people have borrowed, discovered, or invented, and
have attached meaning
Language - Body of words and system for usage common to a people of the same community/
nation/geographical location or cultural tradition
17. Social Problems-adversely affect the welfare of large numbers of people and for which it is believed a
solution exists to bring about change.
Cultural Lag-the slowness in the rate of change; results in maladjustment within a society
26. STRUCTURALISM
-Structuralism identifies and analyzes the structures that underlie all cultural phenomena
- Mutual dependency of agency and structure
35. Lineage
Patrilineal-identified through the male lineage; children get the father’s last name.
Matrilineal-descent is traced through the female line; do not use family names at all.
37. Hinduism
-believes that the soul inhabits successive bodies in its journey through the universe
-all beings even gods must die and be reborn in an endless cycle
39. Buddhism
-developed out from Hinduism
-to free people from endless cycle of reincarnations
-Shakyamuni Gautama/Siddharta Gautama (the completed one, the perfected)
40. Judaism
-developed out of the religion of ancient Hebrew tribe
-waits for the coming of the Messiah (descendant of King David)
Brands of Judaism
-Orthodox: resist change of beliefs and rituals
-Reformed: reject much of Jewish traditionalism
-Conservatives
41. Christianity
-believes in Jesus Christ
-believe in God, to do His will, to believe in Jesus as the son of God.
-believes in the Bible
42. Islam
-submission; submitters to the will of God
-Muhammad: believed he was chosen by God/Allah to be the messenger of the divine revelation
-Abu Bakr: first successor who wrote down the messages after Muhammad’s death
43. Islam
Major denomination
Shiites(sectarians)-followers of Ali and follow a system of Imamah(true leader of Muslim)
Sunnis(traditionalists)-followers of Abu Bakr
Gestalt(Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler)-the whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts
Cognitive Theory
47. Iceberg Theory- Freud used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe his theory that there are three levels of
consciousness.
62. Neurotransmitters
63. Anxiety disorders-excessive and unrealistic fear/worry
64. Mood disorders-severe and sever disturbances in emotion with no apparent external cause
65. Eating disorders
68. Personality disorders-persistent, rigid, and maladaptive patterns of behaviors that interfere with normal
social interaction
69. Personality disorders
-Nothing follows-