Duhok polytechnic university

Petrochemical department
Second stage

Experiment name : flow control RT020

Name : Ahmad sardar sadi

Group : A
Subject : process control (prac)
Date of experiment : 15/12/2019

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Objective :
RT 020 Flow Control experimental unit is used in the experiment to enable us to
understand how a typical control system works. The aim of this experiment is to
explain the conceptual basis of fluid control and to discuss the observed trends
which occurred during the procedures carried out to produce the final data. •
fundamentals of control engineering

 based on the example of a rapid flow control system.

• open loop control response.

• effects of different controller parameters and methods on the response of

the closed loop system.

• recording of step responses

· reference variable

· disturbance variable

• controller optimisation

• software-based controlled system simulation

· comparison of different controlled

system parameters

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Introduction :

Process control is an essential and commonly practiced procedure in

chemical industry for measuring and controlling product quality to a
desired level. There are 3 types of controller which are proportional (P),
proportional integral controller (PI) and proportional integral derivative
(PID) controller. P controller is adjusting the controller output, which is
flowrate in proportional to the difference between set point and set
point error. From theory, the greater the value of proportional control
gain, Kc, process response is higher. However, system will be oscillating
if Kcis too high. PI controller accumulate the error from past and
eliminate it. Offset is diminished in PI controller. PID controller predicts
the error in advance and eliminates it before error occurs. PID
controller has the fastest response time among the controllers (Olsen
and Ito, 2013). Few tasks are carried out to fulfill the main aim of the
experiment. Task 1 is to determine the open-loop behavior and
limitation of the process. Meanwhile, task 2 is carried out to determine
the influence on the system when a disturbance is introduced. Task 3
utilises Ziegler-Nicholas Closed-Loop Method to determine the
controller setting. Finally, the performance of P, PI and PID controller
are evaluated in task 4. Efficiency and suitability of the controller is
further discussed and reviewed under task 4.

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Device and discrbtion :

This compact experimental unit offers every opportunity to learn the

fundamentals of control engineering through experimentation on a flow control
system. The experimental setup is mounted in a housing which accommodates all
the electronics. A piping system with two flow meters is supplied with flow by a
speed-controlled pump from the transparent storage tank. The rotameter offers
the advantage that the flow rate can be observed directly at any time. The flow
rate is measured by a turbine wheel flow sensor. The sensor output signal is sent
to the software controller. The output signal from the controller influences the
setting of an electromagnetic proportional valve. To investigate the influence of
disturbance variables, the pump speed can be altered by way of the software.The
powerful state-of-the-art software is an integral part of the training system,
embodying the principle of hardware/software integration (HSI). It enables the
experiments to be conducted and evaluated in a user-friendly manner. The
software has network capability. The link between the experimental unit and the
PC is made via USB port.

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Discussion :
first we have open loop control system we have to things to add to the pc to add
to the device y and z , z is valve and y is manual regulation ratio then we will
know the flow of that fluid how much per unit time (hour) if we have z is equal to
zero and y=20 than the flow will be 27 and if z=0 and y=80 than flow will be 27
and also we have closed loop control system we have to type P and PI in the p
we have kp and tn , tv , w , z tn and tv is zero every time if we have kp=o.1 and
w=120 and z=0 than the flow will be 120 and if kp=0.2 and w=120 and z=0 than
flow will be 56 and if kp=0.4 and w=120 and z=0 than flow will be 73 and if kp=0.6
and w=120 and z=0 than flow will be 82 and if the system is PI type the different
between p and PI is that in pi we have tn only tv is zero , if kp=0.1 and tn=1 and
w=120 and z=0 than flow will be 120 , if kp=0.1 and tn=1 and w=160 and z=0 than
flow will be 160 , if kp=0.2 and tn=0.5 and w=120 and z=0 than flow will be 120.2,
if kp=0.2 and tn=0.5 and w=160 and z=0 than flow will be 160 .1.

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