Konsep Caring

dalam Praktik
Keperawatan
NS. M. DERI R, M.KEP
INTRODUCTION
Human Caring is part of the human
condition and a way of Being Human.
Caring is found throughout time.
In the past 3 decades or so, professional
human caring has been increasingly
acknowledged as the essence and core
of professional nursing.
DEFINITION
“the moral ideal of nursing whereby the end is
protection, enhancement, and preservation of human
dignity. Human caring involves values, a will and a
commitment to care, knowledge, caring actions, and
consequences".

"All of human caring is related to inter subjective

human response to health-illness; environmental-
personal interaction; a knowledge of the nurse caring
process; self knowledge, knowledge of one’s power
and transaction limitations”
Watson J (1988) Nursing: Human science and human care. New York, NY:
National League for Nursing.
 THE ELEVEN ASSUMPTIONS TO HUMAN CARE
VALUES IN NURSING PROVIDE AN
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW NURSING IS
CONNECTED TO CARING.
Care and love are the most universal, the most tremendous, and the
most mysterious of cosmic forces: they comprise the primal and
universal psychic energy

Often these needs are overlooked; or we know people need each

other in loving and caring ways, but often we do not behave well
toward each other. If our humaness is to survive, however, we need
to become more caring and loving to nourish our humanity and
evolve as a civilization and live together

Since nursing is a caring profession, its ability to sustain its caring

ideal and ideology in practice will affect the human development of
civilization and determine nursing’s contribution to society.
 THE ELEVEN ASSUMPTIONS TO HUMAN CARE
VALUES IN NURSING PROVIDE AN
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW NURSING IS
CONNECTED TO CARING.
As a beginning we have to impose our own will to care and love upon
our own behavior and not on others. We have to treat ourselves with
gentleness and dignity before we can respect and care for others
with gentleness and dignity.

Nursing has always held a human-care and caring stance in regard to

people with health-illness concerns.

Caring is the essence of nursing and the most central and unifying
focus for nursing practice.

Human care, at the individual and group level, has received less and
less emphasis in the health care delivery system.
 THE ELEVEN ASSUMPTIONS TO HUMAN CARE
VALUES IN NURSING PROVIDE AN
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW NURSING IS
CONNECTED TO CARING.
Caring values of nurses and nursing have been submerged. Nursing
and society are, therefore, in a critical situation today in sustaining
human care ideals and a caring ideology in practice.

Preservation and advancement of human care as both an epistemic

and clinical endeavor is a significant issue for nursing today and in
the future.

Human care can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only

interpersonally.

Nursing’s social, moral, and scientific contributions to humankind and

society lie in its commitment to human care ideals in theory, practice,
and research
PROCESS OF CARING
Watson (2008)

1. Practice of Loving-kindness and equanimity within the

context of caring consciousness (a caring consciousness
carries higher energy vibrations from our heart-center,
the Source of our humanity, connecting human to human;
heart-to-heart; spirit –to- spirit from one to another).

2. Being authentically present in the moment,

acknowledging and allowing for the deep belief system
and subjective life-world of self and other (instilling faith
and hope).

3. Cultivating one’s own spiritual practices with

comprehension of interconnectedness that goes beyond
the individual and opens one to Source and evolving
consciousness.
 IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND NURSING AS THE SCIENCE OF CARING, WATSON
DERIVED 10 PRIMARY CARATIVE FACTORS. THE CARATIVE FACTORS INVOLVE THE
INTERPERSONAL ASPECTS OF CARING AND FUNCTION AS STRUCTURAL GUIDES TO
UNDERSTAND CARE AS A PHENOMENON IN AN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
PROCESS. THE CARATIVE FACTORS AND PROCESSES ARE LINKED TO BASIC HUMAN
NEEDS, HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS, AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE
PROCESS OF CARING
Watson (2008)

4. Developing and sustaining authentic heart-centered,

authentic caring relationship with self and other

5. Being present to and supportive of the expression of

positive and negative feelings, arising in self and other
(with an understanding that all of these feelings come
and go and need to be recognized and honored)

6. Creatively using all ways of knowing, Being and doing as

integral to caring process in solving problems/ seeking
solutions for patients/families/ community.

7. Engaging in genuine teaching learning experiences that

arise from an understanding of interconnectedness
PROCESS OF CARING
Watson (2008)

8. Creating and sustaining a healing environment at physical

observable level, and also at non-physical, subtle energy
level; whereby energetic consciousness of Caritas
radiates the field, wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity,
peace, calm are communicated.

9. Administrating human care essentials, helping another

with basic human needs, with an intentional caring
consciousness that honors unity of mindbodyspirit and
wholeness in all aspects of care.

10. Opening and attending to the spiritual mysterious and

existential unknowns in life/death, health, illness -
‘allowing for miracles’.
 ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT HUMAN CARING:
ACCORDING TO LEININGER

Human caring is a universal phenomenon, but the expressions,

processes and patterns vary among cultures

Every nursing care situation has transcultural caring behaviours,

needs and implications

Caring acts and processes are essential for human development,

growth and survival
 WHAT WE SUPPOSEDLY
KNOW...
human caring is not a commodity to be bought and
sold;

caring and economics are not mutuality exclusive, and

can co-exist to achieve cost-benefit/cost-
effectiveness

caring is a professional ethical covenant that nursing

has with the public to sustain human caring in
instances where i may be threatened; it necessarily
involves something deeper and more substantial than
a customer’ model orientation;
 WHAT WE SUPPOSEDLY
KNOW...

practitioners and patients alike require caring

relationships and healing environments, if caring-
healing practices are to be sustained within any
health care setting.

true transformation of health care ultimately has to

come from a shift in consciousness and intentional
actions of the practitioners themselves, changing
health care from the inside out.
CARING INDICATORS AND
PROGRAMS
consciousintentional meaningful rituals, .For
example, hand washing is for infection control,
Making human caring but also may be a meaningful ritual of self-
integral to the organizational caring- energetically cleansing, blessing, and
vision and culture – through
releasing last situation or encounter, and
new language and
being open to the next situation;
documentation of caring,
such as posters;

introducing and naming new professional caring practice

models, leading to new patterns of delivery of caring/care.
Some examples are: ‘Attending Caring Nursing Project’, ‘Patient
Care Facilitator Role’, the ’12-Bed Hospital’;
CARING INDICATORS AND
PROGRAMS
creating healing spaces for nurses;
selected use of caring-healing sanctuaries for their own time out; May
modalities for self and patients, include mediation or relaxation rooms for
e.g. massage, therapeutic touch, quiet time;
reflexology, aromatherapy,
calmative oil of essences; sound,
music, arts, variety of energetic
modalities

diming the unit lights and having designated ‘quiet time’ for
patients/families/staff alike, to soften, slow down, and calm
the environment;
CARING INDICATORS AND
PROGRAMS
centering exercises and mindfulness
cultivation of own spiritual heart- practices, individually and collectively;
centered practices of loving
kindness and equanimity to self participation in multi-site research assessing
and others; caring among staff and patients;

exploring documentation of caring caring Rounds at bedside with patients;

language and integration in
computerized documentation
systems;
placing magnets on patient’s door with positive affirmations,
and reminders of caring practices;
"Our patient is a family.
We'll do our best to take
care of you."
M. Deri Ramadhan