11/22/2020 History of Mechatronics notes

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SENSORS AND

TRANSDUCERS
Branch : Mechanical Subject : Mechatronics Unit : INTRODUCTION OF

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

 Engineering MECHATRONICS

ANALOGIES

INTRODUCTION OF
 HISTORY OF MECHATRONICS
MECHATRONICS
History of Mechatronics:
MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC Two important examples include the water clock of Ktesibios that used a float regulator,
and an oil lamp devised by Phil on, which also used a float regulator to maintain a
HISTORY OF
constant level of fuel oil.
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF
Later, in the first century, Heron of Alexandria published a book entitled Pneumatic that
PNEUMATIC CONTROL described different types of water-level mechanisms using float regulators.
SYSTEM
In Europe and Russia, between seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, many important
THE DEVELOPMENT OF devices were invented that would eventually contribute to mechatronics.
THE AUTOMOBILE AS A
MECHATRONIC Cornelis Drebbel (1572–1633) of Holland devised the temperature regulator representing
SYSTEM
one of the first feedback systems of that era. Subsequently,
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLE SYSTEM Dennis Papin (1647–1712) invented a pressure safety regulator for steam boilers in 1681.
DESIGN WITH Papin’s pressure regulator is similar to a modern-day pressure-cooker valve. The first
SENSORS AND mechanical calculating machine was invented by Pascal in 1642 [8].
ACTUATORS

MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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SENSORS AND
 The first historical feedback system claimed by Russia was developed by Polzunov in
TRANSDUCERS 1765. Polzunov’s water-level float regulator, illustrated in Fig. employs a float that raises
and lowers in relation to the water level, thereby controlling the valve that covers the
DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

water inlet in the boiler.
ANALOGIES
Further evolution in automation was enabled by advancements in control theory traced
INTRODUCTION OF

back to the Watt flyball governor of 1769. The flyball governor, illustrated in Fig. was used
MECHATRONICS
to control the speed of a steam engine.

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC

HISTORY OF
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF
PNEUMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM

THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE AUTOMOBILE AS A
MECHATRONIC
SYSTEM
Employing a measurement of the speed of the output shaft and utilizing the motion of the
AUTONOMOUS flyball to control the valve, the amount of steam entering the engine is controlled.
VEHICLE SYSTEM
DESIGN WITH As the speed of the engine increases, the metal spheres on the governor apparatus rise
SENSORS AND
and extend away from the shaft axis, thereby closing the valve. This is an example of a
ACTUATORS
feedback control system where the feedback signal and the control actuation are
MECHATRONIC DESIGN l t l l di
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completely coupled in the mechanical hardware.
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SENSORS AND
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-10% -50% -5% -50% -5%
TRANSDUCERS

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND


ANALOGIES

INTRODUCTION OF

MECHATRONICS

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC
These early successful automation developments were achieved through intuition,
HISTORY OF application of practical skills, and persistence.
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF -10% -50% -27% -5% -50%

PNEUMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM

THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE AUTOMOBILE AS A
MECHATRONIC
SYSTEM

AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLE SYSTEM
DESIGN WITH
SENSORS AND
ACTUATORS The next step in the evolution of automation required a theory of automatic control.

MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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SENSORS AND
 The precursor to the numerically controlled (NC) machines for automated manufacturing
TRANSDUCERS (to be developed in the 1950s and 60s at MIT) appeared in the early 1800s with the
invention of feed-forward control of weaving looms by Joseph Jacquard of France. In the
DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

late 1800s, the subject now known as control theory was initiated by J. C. Maxwell
ANALOGIES through analysis of the set of differential equations describing the flyball governor.
 Maxwell investigated the effect various system parameters had on the system
INTRODUCTION OF
performance.
MECHATRONICS

The evolution of automation would accelerate significantly in the twentieth century.

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC

HISTORY OF
MECHATRONICS Previous Next

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INTRODUCTION OF
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
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