11/22/2020 The Development of the Automobile as a Mechatronic System class notes

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Branch : Mechanical Subject : Mechatronics Unit : INTRODUCTION OF

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

 Engineering MECHATRONICS

ANALOGIES

INTRODUCTION OF
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MECHATRONICS AUTOMOBILE AS A MECHATRONIC
MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
KEY ELEMENTS OF The Development of the Automobile as a Mechatronic System
MECHATRONIC
The evolution of modern mechatronics can be illustrated with the example of the
HISTORY OF
automobile. Until the 1960s, the radio was the only significant electronics in an
MECHATRONICS
automobile.
DEVELOPMENT OF
PNEUMATIC CONTROL All other functions were entirely mechanical or electrical, such as the starter motor and
SYSTEM the battery charging systems. There were no “intelligent safety systems,” except
augmenting the bumper and structural members to protect occupants in case of
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE AUTOMOBILE AS accidents.
A MECHATRONIC
SYSTEM Seat belts, introduced in the early 1960s, were aimed at improving occupant safety and
were completely mechanically actuated.
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLE SYSTEM All engine systems were controlled by the driver and/or other mechanical control
DESIGN WITH
systems. For instance, before the introduction of sensors and microcontrollers, a
SENSORS AND
ACTUATORS mechanical distributor was used to select the specific spark plug to fire when the fuel–air
mixture was compressed.
MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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11/22/2020 The Development of the Automobile as a Mechatronic System class notes

  The timing of the ignition was the control variable.

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mechanically
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combustion process was not optimal in terms of fuel efficiency. Modeling of the
SENSORS AND
 combustion process showed that, for increased fuel efficiency, there existed an optimal
TRANSDUCERS time when the fuel should be ignited.

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

 The timing depends on load, speed, and other measurable quantities. The electronic
ANALOGIES ignition system was one of the first mechatronic systems to be introduced in the
automobile in the late 1970s.
INTRODUCTION OF

MECHATRONICS

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC
Autonomous Vehicle
Full autonomous vehicle platform integrations by skilled engineers
HISTORY OF
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF
dataspeedinc.com OPEN
PNEUMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM

THE DEVELOPMENT OF The electronic ignition system consists of a crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position
THE AUTOMOBILE AS sensor, airflow rate, throttle position, rate of throttle position change sensors, and a
A MECHATRONIC
dedicated microcontroller determining the timing of the spark plug firings. Early
SYSTEM
implementations involved only a Hall Effect sensor to sense the position of the rotor in the
AUTONOMOUS distributor accurately. Subsequent implementations eliminated the distributor completely
VEHICLE SYSTEM
and directly controlled the firings utilizing a microprocessor.
DESIGN WITH
SENSORS AND
Mechatronics has become a necessity for product differentiation in automobiles.
ACTUATORS

Since the basics of internal combustion engine were worked out almost a century ago,
MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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11/22/2020 The Development of the Automobile as a Mechatronic System class notes
S ce t e bas cs o te a co bust o e g e ee o ed out a ost a ce tu y ago,

  differences in the engine design among theHome

various automobiles Select Language
are no longer
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product differentiator.

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
In the 1970s, the Japanese automakers succeeded in establishing a foothold in the U.S.
TRANSDUCERS
automobile market by offering unsurpassed quality and fuel-efficient small automobiles.

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

 The quality of the vehicle was the product differentiator through the 1980s. In the 1990s,
ANALOGIES consumers came to expect quality and reliability in automobiles from all manufacturers.

INTRODUCTION OF

MECHATRONICS

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC

HISTORY OF
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF
PNEUMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM
Today, mechatronic features have become the product differentiator in these traditionally
THE DEVELOPMENT OF mechanical systems. This is further accelerated by higher performance price ratio in
THE AUTOMOBILE AS electronics, market demand for innovative products with smart features, and the drive to
A MECHATRONIC
reduce cost of manufacturing of existing products through redesign incorporating
SYSTEM
mechatronics elements.
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLE SYSTEM With the prospects of low single digit (2–3%) growth, automotive makers will be searching
DESIGN WITH for high-tech features that will differentiate their vehicles from others. The automotive
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electronics market in North America, now at about $20 billion, is expected to reach $28
ACTUATORS
billion by 2004.
MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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11/22/2020 The Development of the Automobile as a Mechatronic System class notes

  New applications of mechatronic systems Home

in the automotive
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include semi-
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autonomous to fully autonomous automobiles, safety enhancements, emission reduction,

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 and other features including intelligent cruise control, and brake by wire systems

TRANSDUCERS eliminating the hydraulics .

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND

 Another significant growth area that would benefit from a mechatronics design approach
ANALOGIES is wireless networking of automobiles to ground stations and vehicle-to vehicle
communication.
INTRODUCTION OF

MECHATRONICS

MECHATRONICS

KEY ELEMENTS OF
MECHATRONIC

HISTORY OF
MECHATRONICS

DEVELOPMENT OF
PNEUMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM

THE DEVELOPMENT OF Telematics, which combines audio, hands-free cell phone, navigation, Internet
THE AUTOMOBILE AS connectivity, e-mail, and voice recognition, is perhaps the largest potential automotive
A MECHATRONIC
growth area. In fact, the use of electronics in automobiles is expected to increase at an
SYSTEM
annual rate of 6% per year over the next five years, and the electronics functionality will
AUTONOMOUS double over the next five years.
VEHICLE SYSTEM
DESIGN WITH
SENSORS AND
ACTUATORS

MECHATRONIC DESIGN
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SYSTEM
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
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