DCN 30092

MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Pn. Zaifah Che Wil
Diploma Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar,
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT course will

provide the basic understanding of the municipal solid
waste management system. Students are exposed to the
principles and good practices in environmentally
sustainable associated with the control of generation,
storage, collection, transfer & transport, treatment and
disposal of solid waste.
CHAPTER 2

Generation, Handling and

Collection of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)

Pn. Zaifah Che Wil

Diploma Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar,
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah
 Chapter Outline
1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation
Factors influencing the generation rate of Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW).
2. Handling and separation, storage and processing of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW) at source.
i. Factors that should be taken into account during storage at
site.
ii. Method of handling and separating Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) by location.
3. Collection of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
i. Collection activities
ii. Types of collection system
a. Hauled container system
b. Stationary container system
iii. Collection routes
4. Transfer and transport of the municipal solid waste.
i. The importance of building the transfer station
ii. Activities and facilities in transfer station
iii. Types of transport for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
 Introduction…
• Aesthetic, land use, health, water pollution, air pollution,
and economic considerations make proper storage,
collection and disposal of solid wastes municipal and
individual functions that must be taken seriously.
• Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and failure of the
collection system in a populated community would soon
cause many health problems.

Solid Wastes Polluting a River

Functional elements of solid waste management…
6

Interrelationship of functional elements comprising a solid waste management System

Generation of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)
 Generation of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW)

• The characteristics, quantities, volume and

composition of solid waste generated may differ
from one country to another and between urban
and rural areas.
• It depends mainly upon the customs, climate,
living conditions and economic standard of the area.
• As a consequence, if solid waste management is to
be accomplished in an efficient and orderly manner,
the fundamental aspects and relationships involved
must be identified, adjusted for uniformity of data,
and understood clearly.
Generation of Municipal Solid Waste

• Waste generation: Those activities in which materials

are identified as no longer being of value and are
either thrown away or gathered together for
disposal.
• A critical step for residential solid waste
 Generation Rate of Municipal Solid
Waste
• Determination of the generation rate of solid waste is important
to obtain data in order to determine waste volume
and for subsequent solid waste management.
• In addition to knowing the source and composition of solid
waste, it is equally important to have uniform units of
expression.

• Household waste (kg/capita/day)

• Commercial waste (kg/x/day : where x can be m2 of floor area
of commercial establishment, unit volume or dollar in sales, the
number of employees, etc.)
• Institutional waste (kg/x/day : where x can be the number of
students, m2 of the area of park or publicplace, number of
visitors, etc.)
• Industrial waste (kg/x/day : where x can be unit volume or dollar
of production output, m2 of floor area)
 Estimate Municipal Solid Waste
generation and collection

• Based on the amount of waste generated per person

per day.
• Methods used to estimate waste quantities are;
• Load-count analysis
• Weight-volume analysis
• Materials-balance analysis
 Load-count Analysis

• The number of individual loads & corresponding waste

characteristics (types of waste, estimated volume) are
noted over a specified time period. If scale available,
weight data also recorded. Unit generation rates are
determined by using the field data; if necessary
published data.
 EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION
Ex.1 : From the following data estimate the unit waste generation rate per week for a
residential area consisting of 1200 homes. The observation location is a local transfer station
that receives all the wastes collected for disposal. The observation period was one week.

Number of compactor truck loads = 10

Average volume of compactor truck = 10 m³
Number of open truck = 8
Average open truck volume = 1.5 m³
Number of loads from individual residents’ private vehicles = 20
Average volume of individual private vehicle = 0.25 m³
Number person in household = 4 person

Typical density solid waste for compactor truck = 125 kg/m³,

Open truck = 110 kg/m³ and Private Vehicles= 70 kg/m³
 Step 1: Do your table

Types of Load No. of Load Volume (m³) Typical Total

Density Weight
(kg/m³) (kg)
 Step 2: Find total weight, kg

Using formula of:

Total Weight (W) = No. of load x Volume x Typical Density

Total weight for compactor truck,

W (kg) = No. of load x Volume x Typical Density
W (kg) = 10 x 10 x 125
W (kg) = 12500
 Step 3: Complete your table

Types of No. of Load Volume (m³) Typical Total

Load Density Weig
(kg/m³) ht
(kg)
Compactor truck 10 10 125 12500
Open truck 8 1.5 110 1320
Private Vehicles 20 0.25 70 350
14170
 Step 4: Find unit waste generation

Total Weight
Unit Waste Generation =
Total Sample

= Total Weight
No.of h o me s x p e r s o n x r a t e

= 14170
1200 x 4 x 1 w

= 2.95 kg/p.week
 Material Mass Balance Analysis
• The only way to determine the generation & movement of solid
wastes with any degree of reliability is to perform a detailed
materials balance analysis, for each generation source.
• In some cases, the materials balance method of analysis will be
required to obtain the data needed to verify compliance with
state-mandated recycling program

Preparation of Materials Mass Balance

Factors influencing the generation rate
of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).
 Source reduction & recycling activities on
waste generation - source reduction: the
way for source reduction
 Effect of public attitudes & legislation
 Effect of geographic & physical factors on
waste generation
Source reduction & recycling activities on waste
generation - source reduction: the way for
source reduction

 Decrease unnecessary or excessive packaging

 Develop & use products with greater durability & reparability
 Substitute reusable products for disposable, single-use products
 Use fewer resources
 Increase the recycled materials content of products
 Develop rate structures that encourage generators to produce
less waste.
 Extent of recycling
Effect of public attitudes & legislation

Public Attitudes
States With Beverage Container Deposit Laws
Legislation
Effect of geographic & physical factors on waste
generation

Geographic location
Season of the year ; seasonal sampling also will be required to assess
changes in the %
Distribution of the waste materials
Use of kitchen food waste grinder
Frequency of collection
Characteristics of service area
“The greater the
degradation of the
environment, the greater
is the effort required to
restore its good quality”
Handling and separation,
storage and processing of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at
source.
Handling and separation, storage and
processing of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) at source.
 The handling, storage and processing of solid wastes at
the source before they are collected is the second of the
six functional elements in the sold waste management
system.
WASTE HANDLING & SEPARATION
 Waste handling and sorting involves the activities
associated with management of wastes until they are
placed in storage containers for collection.
 Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection.
 Separating of waste components is an important
step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the
source. For example, the best place to separate
waste materials for reuse and recycling is at the
source of generation.
 Once the component is separated
 What to do with the wastes ~ before collection @
taken to recycling center
 Store separated waste within home ~ transfer to
larger containers
 Store separated waste directly in the container
On Site Storage of Solid
Waste
 The first phase to manage solid waste is at
home level. It requires facilities for
temporarily storing of refuse on the
premises. Individual house holder or
business owner has responsibility for onsite
storage of solid waste.
 For individual homes, industries, and other
commercial centers proper onsite storage of
solid waste is the beginning of disposal.
Because un-kept or simple dumps are sources
of nuisance, flies, smells and other hazards.
 STORAGE CONTAINER
• Garbage and refuse generated in kitchens and other work areas
should be collected and stored in properly designed and
constructed water-proof garbage cans (waste bins).
• The cans or receptacles can be constructed from galvanized
iron sheet or plastic materials.

A typical example of
garbage can,
constructed from
galvanized iron sheet,
dimensions: diameter
45 cm and height 75 cm.
Factors that should be taken
into account during storage
at site.
1. The effects of
storage on waste
components

2. The type of
4. Public health &
container to be
aesthetic
used

3. The container
location
 1. The effects of storage on waste
components

Important consideration in onsite storage of wastes are

effect of storage on characteristics of the wastes being
stored including

• Biological decomposition : Food & other wastes start to

undergo microbiological decomposition ~ as a result of the
growth of bact. & fungi
• The absorption of fluids : Paper absorb moisture from
food & yard wastes – depends on length of time, absorb
rainfall.
• The contamination of waste components : Motor oils, paint
reduce value of recyclable
 2. The type of container to be used

1. Types & capacity of containers used depend on:

• Characteristics & type of waste collected,

• Type of collection system in use,
• Collection frequency, and
• Space available for the placement of containers
Types of containers
Type Capacity
Small
container plastic/ galvanized 30 gal
metal

Medium 4 yd3
container

Large 12-50 yd3

open top, roll off 20-40 yd3
stationary compactor
Small Large
Medium
 Storage container…..

33

Waste container Waste container in the

public garbage bins attached to wall shape of a dolphin.

Bins in fast food restaurants

are marked to thank the
customers for disposing of
their own garbage A typical office trash can
Containers
 Storage container…

34

High capacity
trash bin for solid
waste collection
 2. The type of container to be used

1. Low-rise dwelling with manual curbside

• Because waste collected manually ~ containers should

be light enough to be handled easily by one collector
when they are full
• If too heavy, will injured the collectors
• The upper weight limit: 40 – 65 lb
• Choice of container materials depend on homeowner
• Galvanized metal ~ too noisy when emptied & can
damaged
• Plastic ~ tend to crack
• Temporary @ disposable container ~ difficult to
loading
 2. The type of container to be used

2. Low-rise dwelling with mechanized curbside

• Container used for onsite storage is integral part of

collection system
• Container designed specifically to work with container-
unloading mechanisms attached to collection vehicle
• Container size: 75 to 120 gals, average: 90 gals.
 2. The type of container to be used

3. Low- and medium-rise apartments

• 2 most common type ~

• individual plastic @ galvanized metal containers &
• large portable @ fixed containers

• For close apartment, containers assigned to individual

apartments located in a common area.
• Containers equipped with rollers & container
enclosures are covered
 2. The type of container to be used

4. High-rise apartments

• Enclosed storage containers @ disposable bags used in

conjunction with compaction equipment
• Large open-top containers for uncompacted waste,
bulky items & white goods
• Large open-top containers for recycle materials

5. Commercial facilities

• Depend on methods of collection and the available

space
• Typically ~ large open-top container for un-separated
wastes
 3. The container location

1. The location of container depend on:

• Type of dwelling/commercial and industrial facilities,

• The available space, and
• Access to collection services

• Residential Dwellings • Commercial and Industrial

– Low-rise detached
dwelling ~ the sides @ rear
of the house; in alley; next to
garage
– Low- & medium-rise
apartments ~ basement
storage and outdoor storage
– High-rise apartments ~
basement of the building
Facilities
– Depends on location of
available space and
service-access conditions
– Must be worked out jointly
between the building owners
and the public @ private
collection agency
 4. Public health & aesthetic

• Public health
– Related to infestation of areas used for
storage of solid wastes with vermin and
insects ~ potential disease vectors
– Proper sanitation: use of containers
with tight lids, periodic washing
containers, periodic removal
biodegradable materials ~ important in
warm climate
• Aesthetic consideration
– Related to production of
odors & unsightly
condition
Method of handling and
separating Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) by location.

COMMERCIAL
FACILITIES

RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL
DWELLINGS FACILITIES

WASTE
HANDLING
&
SEPARATION
AT…
 RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS

Single-family detached

Single-family attached –
Low-rise ~ under 4 stories
town house

Multifamily
RESIDENTIAL
DWELLINGS

Basement storage

Medium-rise ~ from 4-7

Outdoor storage
stories

Compactor storage –
High-rise ~ over 7 stories waste handling in high-rise
apartments
At Low-rise Detached Dwellings
• Residents are responsible for placing solid wastes & recyclable
in storage containers
• Types of containers used depend on whether waste
separation is mandated

• Normally residents does not require to separate their

waste
– Mixed wastes are placed in variety of storage containers with
little @ no standardization
• In source-separated system
– Separated waste are placed in special containers / bags
Medium & Apartments

• Resemble those used for low-rise dwellings

• But method vary depend on waste storage location
& collection method

Waste storage locations

1. Basement storage - Residents carry
their waste & recyclable to storage area &
deposit them in the appropriate containers

2. Outdoor storage - Emptied mechanically

using collection vehicles equipped with
unloading mechanisms

3. Compactor storage – waste handling in

high-rise apartments
BASEMENT STORAGE /CURBSIDE
OUTDOOR STORAGE /MECHANIZED
COLLECTION
At High-rise Apartments Dwellings

Involves one @ more of the following:

1. Wastes are picked by workers from various
floors & taken to basement @ service area
2. Wastes are taken to basement by tenants

3. Wastes in bagged are placed in vertical chutes

with opening located on each floor
 24 in diameter
 Used in conjunction with large compactors
COMPACTOR STORAGE
WASTE HANDLING IN
HIGH-RISE APARTMENTS
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES

• Solid waste accumulate are collected in large containers

mounted on roller
• Once filled, containers are removed and emptied into
– Large storage containers,
– Compactors used in conjunction with the storage
containers,
– Stationary compactors – can compress materials
into bales, @
– Other processing equipment

• All office paper now

collected for recycling
• Recyclable are stored in
separate containers
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

• Handling and separation for non-industrial

solid waste at industrial facilities is the
same as for commercial facilities
“High percentage of workers
handling refuse, and
individuals residing near or on
disposal sites, are infected by
gastrointestinal parasites,
worms and related organisms”
Collection of Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW)
Functional elements of solid waste management…
6

Interrelationship of functional elements comprising a solid waste management System

DEFINE COLLECTION OF MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE (MSW).
 The term collection includes not only the gathering
or picking up of solid waste from the various sources
but also the hauling of these waste to collection
where the content of the collection vehicles are
emptied.

Collection is one of the first steps of a solid waste management system

Gathering or picking up of SW will vary with the characteristics of facilities,

activities, or locations where wastes are generated and the methods used for
onsite storage of accumulated wastes between collections.
COLLECTION ACTIVITIES

PHASE 1

PHASE 5 PHASE 2

PHASE 4
PHASE 3
COLLECTION METHOD

Individual homeowner must transfer their waste

to the refuse can.
COLLECTION METHOD Done by collection crew called
backyard collection. If the can is on
the street, the system is called
curbside collection.

Common system of getting the solid

waste into the truck was the
collectors emptying the garbage can
into large containers.
Carrying these into the waiting
truck.

Two revolutionary changes during

1990s had a great impacts on both
cost and injury rate of the collectors.
COLLECTION METHOD

The truck collect the waste from many sources (recyclables

or mixed) in the same or separate vehicle
COLLECTION METHOD
The trucks must collect the refuse from
many homes in the most efficient way
possible.
Efficient routing and rerouting of
collection vehicles hold down costs by
reducing the labor expended for
collection.

Routing procedures usually comprise two separate components:

(a) Macro Routing – Defining size of routes
(b) Micro Routing – Defining exact path of each route

Micro Routing Macro Routing

 COLLECTION METHOD

The fifth phase of the collection system involves the location of the final
destination.
(e.g: MRF, disposal site, transfer station)
 Collection of separated MSW

 Waste materials that have been separated at the source must

be collected or gathered together before they can be recycled.
 The principal methods now used for the collection of these
materials include curbside collection.

Curbside Collection
TYPES OF COLLECTION SYSTEM

 The most common types of residential collection

services include
1. Curb-side / Alley Collection
2. Backyard Setout-setback Collection
3. Backyard Collection
4. Drop-off at Specified Collection Point
 Curb-side / Alley Collection
 Residents place containers to be emptied at
curb or in alley on the collection day.
 Collection crew empties containers into
collection vehicle.
 Residents return the containers to their
storage location until next scheduled
collection time.
 Backyard Setout-setback
Collection
 Containers are carried from backyard to curb by
a special crew and emptied by the collection
crew.
 The special crew then transports the containers
back to their original storage location
 Backyard Collection
 In this method, collection crews enter property
to collect refuse.
 Containers may be transported to the truck,
emptied, and returned to their original storage
location, or emptied into a tub or cart and
transported to the vehicle.
 Drop-off at Specified
Collection Point
 Residents transport waste to a specified point.
This point may be a transfer station or the
disposal site
From low-rise detached dwellings

 Types of residential collection services

 Curb – in front of house on the curb
 Alley – one or two containers in the alley
 Setout-Setback – forth and back to the house
 Setout – forth but not back to thehouse

 Manual methods
 Direct lifting and carrying of loaded containers
 Rolling of loaded containers
 Use of small lifts for rolling loaded containers
From low-and medium-rise apartments

 Transporting the container to the street for

curbside collection by manual or mechanical
means

From high-rise apartments

 Emptying mechanically using collection
vehicles equipped with unloading mechanism

 Hauling to an off-site location

Collection of commingled MSW
Table 8-1
 Collection System Types

 Hauled Container System (HCS)

 Container is moved to disposal site

 Used for construction & demolition waste

 High generation rates (open markets)

 One drive and frequent trips

 Stationary Container System (SCS)

 Container remains at site (residential and commercial)

 May be manually or mechanically loaded

 Container size and utilization are important

 Hauled Container System (HCS)

 Ideally suited for the removal of wastes from sources

where the rate of generation is high

 The container is picked up and hauled off to the disposal

area where the container is emptied and returned to the
original location.

 The container is carried by the truck. A variation is start

with an empty container.
 Hauled Container System (HCS)

Advantages:
 Useful when generation rate is high and containers are
large
 May eliminate spillage associated with multiple smaller
containers

 Flexible. Need more capacity, use a larger container

Disadvantage:
 If the containers are not filled, low utilization rate.
 HCS: Conventional mode

1 2 3 n

Beginning End of route, t2

of route, t1
(Empty Vehicle)

Transfer Station
or Disposal Site
 HCS: Exchange container mode

1 2 3 n

Beginning
of route, t1 End of route, t2
(Vehicle with
empty container)

Transfer Station
or Disposal Site
 Stationary container system (SCS)

 SCS can be used for the collection of all types of wastes

 The waste container remains in the vicinity of where the
waste is generated.

 The waste is unloaded into a bigger truck. A large

container is an integral part of the truck.

 When fully loaded from multiple waste containers, the

truck travels to and from the landfill as opposed to the
waste container.
 Stationary container system (SCS)

Types:
 Manually loaded: Small containers, residential
pickup.
 Mechanically loaded: Larger containers, wheeled
residential pickup and commercial pickup
 Almost all vehicles contain internal compaction
equipment
 Stationary container system (SCS)

 Advantages:
 Major advantage is that vehicle does not travel to
disposal area until it is full yielding higher utilization
rates
 Disadvantages:
 System is not flexible in terms of picking up bulky
goods
 Wastes e.g. demolition, that make damage the
relatively delicate mechanisms
 Large volume generations may not have room for
storing large containers
 Operational Sequence of SCS

1 2 3 n

Beginning
of route, t1
(Empty Vehicle)

End of route, t2
Transfer Station,
MRF or Disposal Site
 Equipment (avg. life 5-7 years)

 Residential collection vehicle (SCS) - packer truck; most

compact waste
 Rear loaders - larger hopper less necessary with elimination of
larger, bulky items
 Side loaders - 2 person crew (driver and loader)
 Mechanically loaded
 Front Loader, residential waste place in bin then cycled (loaded and
compacted)

Mechanically loaded side loader Front Loader Rear Loader

 Equipment (avg. life 5-7 years)

 Recycling - compartmentalized Hoist Truck

truck
 Commercial (SCS) - self loaders
(rear, side, front)
 Commercial (HCS)
 Hoist truck; small operations,
few pickup locations, bulky Trash Trailer

items
 Tilt frame - large containers,
wide use
 Trash trailers - heavy rubbish
 Collection Vehicles

Recycling trailer
Low-profile closed body
recycling truck

Rear-loading
Crane truck for ‘igloo’containers packer truck

Hook-lift truck for dumpsters Dual compartment co-collection truck

Collection Vehicles
Front loader Side loader

Grapple trucks
Transfer and transport of
the municipal solid waste.
Functional elements of solid waste management…
6

Interrelationship of functional elements comprising a solid waste management System

 TRANSFER STATION
 When the waste disposal unit is remote to the collection
area, a transfer station is employed.
 A transfer station is an intermediate station between final
disposal option and collection point in order to increase the
efficiency of the system, as collection vehicles & crew
remain closer to routes.
 In some situations, the transfer stations serves as a pre-
processing plant, where wastes are dewatered &
compressed.
 A centralized sorting and recovery of recyclable materials
are also carried out at the transfer station.
 TRANSFER STATION
 At a transfer station, waste is transferred from smaller
collection vehicles to larger transfer vehicle.
e.g :Trucks and Semitrailers, Rail cars
 TRANSFER STATION
 Most common is in larger metropolitan areas with variance
in, types, size, and degree of sophistication waste.(open and
enclosed stations)
 Typically, transfer station buildings are constructed of
concrete, masonry, or metal
 Wood is not commonly used
 TYPES OF WASTE AT TRANSFER STATION

The following types of waste are commonly handled at transfer

stations. Specific definitions of these wastes vary locally :

 Municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated by households,

businesses, institutions, and industries.
 Yard waste (green waste) commonly includes leaves, grass
clippings,
 Household hazardous waste (HHW) includes hazardous
materials
 Recyclables include discarded materials that can be
reprocessed for
 Construction and demolition (C&D) debris results from
demolition or
 MSW; other times it is mixed with MSW.
Importance of Transfer Stations:

fewer truck on the

sanitary landfill
haul routes

improved
greater landfill
traffic control operating
efficiency

Importance
of Building
the Transfer
better haul Station
roads for lower
collection overall haul
vehicles cost
Benefits of Transfer Stations:
• Reduces overall community truck traffic by
consolidating smaller loads into larger vehicles.
• It offers more flexibility in waste handling and
disposal options.
• It reduces air pollution, fuel consumption and
road wear by consolidating trash into fewer
vehicles.
• Allows for screening of wastes for special
handling.
• Reduces the traffic at disposal facility.
• Offers citizens facilities for convenient drop-off of
waste and recyclables.
 Near the
collection
area served
Adequate
Served by land area to
utilities provide
isolation

Suitable Accessible
Zoning to major
haul routes
Factors Affecting Site Selection (or) Location of Transfer
Stations
Site selection should be based on following criteria:
• Selecting sites that have direct access to truck routes,
highways and rail terminals.
• Providing adequate space within the facility site so that
customers waiting to use the transfer station do not
interrupt traffic on public roads.
• Arranging the site so that traffic flows are not adjacent
to properties that are sensitive to noise.
• The site should large enough to accommodate all
required functions and possibly future expansion
should be centrally located in the area where waste is
generated.
Activities and facilities in transfer
station
 Pit
 Collection vehicles unloaded wastes into a large pit
 Upper level is a tipping floor where materials are

dumped
 Lower level contains open-top trailers & materials

are pushed into them from the upper level

 Open top trailer can be either compacting or non-

compacting
 The pit – as storage during peak periods
Pit Designs
Pit Designs
Activities and facilities in transfer
station

 Direct Dump
 Consist of drop off area where materials are
placed directly in the collection container
 Very large transfer trailer are used

 Large hoppers direct the waste into the transfer

trailers.
 No intermediate handling required
Direct Dump
Designs
Activities and facilities in transfer
station
 Compaction
 Push pit compactor
station
 a large hydraulically
operated blade moves
the waste to the
stationary packer, then
packs the waste into
the trailers.
 Hopper type
compaction station
 waste drop by gravity
into a compactor –
packs the waste into
trailers.
 PROCESS OPTIONS AT
TRANSFER STATIONS
To prepare waste for transfer haul and subsequent disposal

 BALING
 Practiced in the US since
1960’s
 Reduced haul cost

 A more controlled
operation at landfill
 Require lower cover

material
 Density 2000-1500lb/yd^3

 May have wire ties or may

not be tied
 Required little or no

separation of wastes
 PROCESS OPTIONS AT
TRANSFER STATIONS
To prepare waste for transfer haul and subsequent disposal

 SHREDDING
 Shredders are used
 Handles bulky wastes (furniture, tree limbs, etc.)

 Transport – use enclosed transfer trailers

 Wastes have good compaction characteristics

 Requires small trailers.

TYPES OF TRANSPORT FOR MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE (MSW).
Factors to consider in selection of vehicle

 Waste quantities
 Truck body or container capacity
 Consult with collection crew and drivers
 Loading location / Location of container
 Physical characteristics of the collection routes / road
width
 Residential, commercial or industrial
 Safety and comfort
C H A P T E R 3 M U N I C I PA L S O L I D WA S T E
(MSW) DISPOSAL AND RESOURCE
R E C O V E RY