Department of Education

Computer System Servicing

NC II
Grade 12
Lesson 3
 This module is designed to equip the learners with essential
Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude in performing the tasks on Computer
System Servicing which will lead you to acquire National Certificate Level II.
This module includes information and activities to develop desirable
values, skills and understanding through step-by-step procedures and
helpful techniques that will guide you on how to install and configure
computer systems. Furthermore, applications to real life situations are also
included for lifelong learning.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you’re expected to:
1. Understand keyboard and pointing devices
2. Understand keyboard elements

Lesson Information 4

Keyboard and Pointing devices

This is the most common input device. The keyboard allows the user to
communicate with the PC through keystrokes the represent character data and
commands.

Inside the Keyboard

A keyboard is a lot like a miniature computer. It has its own processor and
circuitry that carries information to and from that processor. A large part of this
circuitry makes up the key matrix.
The key matrix is a grid of circuits underneath the keys. In all keyboards (except
for capacitive models, which we'll discuss in the next section), each circuit is
broken at a point below each key. When you press a key, it presses a switch,
completing the circuit and allowing a tiny amount of current to flow through. The
mechanical action of the switch causes some vibration, called bounce, which the
processor filters out. If you press and hold a key, the processor recognizes it as the
equivalent of pressing a key repeatedly.
When the processor finds a circuit that is closed, it compares the location of
that circuit on the key matrix to the character map in its read-only memory
(ROM). A character map is basically a comparison chart or lookup table. It tells the
processor the position of each key in the matrix and what each keystroke or
combination of keystrokes represents. For example, the character map lets the
processor know that pressing the a key by itself corresponds to a small letter "a,"
but the Shift and a keys pressed together correspond to a capital "A."

Keyboard Layout and Design

1. 83-keys PC/XT keyboard – the keyboard included in the original IBM
PC and the XT
2. 84-keys AT keyboard – it is a step closer to the standard keyboard
layout used today
3. Enhanced 101- keys keyboard - it is the one most familiar to computer
users today. Later models are really just enhancements of the design.
This is the industry standard today.
4. Windows 104- keys keyboard – this is identical to 101-keys keyboard
layout except for the addition of three new keys; two Windows keys,
located between the CTRL and ALT keys on both sides and an Application
key on the right side, next to the Windows key.
5. Natural and Ergonomic Keyboard – this keyboard help relieve the stress
caused by the position of the user’s hands and wrist and prevent
repetitive stress injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome. The keyboard’s
central bank of keys is split in half and each half rotated outward, to
provide the user a more natural hand position.
6. Laptop/Portable PC Keyboard – this is smaller than normal keyboards.
Adjustments are made in terms of key arrangements, layout and even
functions to fit all the keys users requires.
7. Miscellaneous Keyboard Layouts - this are special keyboards to
perform a variety of functions, such as; Internet Keyboard – includes
button to connect to the Internet, open browser or check e-mails.
Multimedia Keyboard – includes audio controls such as volume and CD
controls.

Keyboard Elements
1. Alphanumeric keys – the alphabet keys along with row numbers and
special characters. These keys match those on a typewriter.
 Alphabet keys
 Punctuation and special characters
 Actions keys
 Character selection keys
 Command control keys
 Enter key
 White space keys
 Number/special character keys
2. Cursor control key – located on the right side of the alphanumeric keys,
this group of keys has two smaller group of keys: the cursor function
keys and cursor arrow keys.
3. Function keys- located across the top of a keyboard.
4. Numeric keypad – the number pad, which is located on the extreme
right side of nearly all modern keyboards, contains keys for ten numbers,
as well as the four arithmetic functions. This can also be used as a
cursor control pad by toggling the NUM LOCK key.
5. Toggle and Lock keys
6. Special purpose keys
 ESC key
  Print Screen key
 Pause/break key
7. Window keys
 Windows key
 Application/Context key
Keyboard Switch Types
1. Pure mechanical switches – a very simple switch in which two
metal contacts are brought into contact or metal plunger is pressed
against contacts on a circuit board when the switch is pressed.
2. Foam element switches – it is made up of a plunger that is
connected to a foam pad that has a piece of foil on its underside. A circuit
board with a pair of copper contacts for each keyswitch sits underneath
the keyswitches.
3. Rubber dome keyswitch – also known as carbon-contact
keyswitch, this design is very much like the foam and foil contact switch.
In each rubber dome switch is a small rounded dome of rubber that has
a pad of carbon material on its underside.
Membrane switches – similar to rubber-dome switches, except that the keytops
are all joined into a solid sheet that rest on top of the rubber domes
Keyboard Connectors
1. The 5 pin DIN connector - this is the oldest of the keyboard connectors,
also known as the AT form factor.
Pin Number Signal
1 Keyboard Clock
2 Keyboard Data
3 Unused
4 Ground
5 + 5v Power
2. The 6 pin Mini DIN Connector – it is designed to used six pins arranged
in a circular pattern around a plastic case, also known as PS /2
connector.
Pin Number Signal
1 Keyboard Data
2 Unused
3 Ground
4 + 5v Power
5 Keyboard Clock
6 Unused
3. The USB Connector – the universal serial bus is a multifunction
peripheral bus that is growing rapidly in popularity, and the keyboard is
one of many devices that can use it.

4. IrDA (infrared) connector - it is a wireless keyboard.

Pointing Devices
1. Traditional Mice/Mouse - a palm-sized plastic housing with a rubber
ball protruding from the bottom and a cord coming out the back.
 Ergonomic mice
 Optomechanical mice
 Optical mouse
 Intellimouse
 2. Trackballs – it is an upside-down mouse with a larger than normal ball.
Instead of rolling the ball by moving the whole mouse across a surface,
you move the ball directly while the device itself remains stationary.
3. IBM /TrackPoint – also known as Glidepoint mouse. It is created by IBM
for its ThinkPad line of notebook computer to solve the pointing device
problems.
4. Touch Pads – it is a rectangular pad located below the spacebar on a
laptop keyboard. The pad senses the capacitance of your finger as you
move it across the surface.
5. Joystick – a type of pointing device that is used primarily with game
software on a PC.
6. Graphic Tablets – similar in conception with the touch pad, but it is
larger and used with a stylus instead of your finger.

Pointing Device Interface Types

 Serial Port Connections
 Ps2
 USB Connections
 Wireless

REFERENCES:

Module Title: Computer Troubleshooting and Repair by Danilo S. Ibarrola (Marikina

Polytechnic College)

https://www.slideshare.net/chrispaul8676/ports-and-connectors-14198079
 Lesson 4 Grade 11 CSS
Name: ______________________________________
Grade & Section: ____________________________
Subject Teacher: ____________________________

A. Direction: Identification. Identify the answer for the following statement.

1. It is a step closer to the standard keyboard layout used today.

2. This keyboard help to relieve the stress caused by the position of the user’s
hands and wrist and prevent repetitive stress injuries such as carpal tunnel
syndrome.
3. This is smaller than normal keyboards. Adjustments are made in terms of
key arrangements, layout and even functions to fit all the keys users
requires.
4. Located across the top of a keyboard.
5. The alphabet keys along with row numbers and special characters. These
keys match those on a typewriter.
6. It is located on the extreme right side of nearly all modern keyboards,
contains keys for ten numbers, as well as the four arithmetic functions.
7. A very simple switch in which two metal contacts are brought into contact or
metal plunger is pressed against contacts on a circuit board when the switch
is pressed.
8. Similar to rubber-dome switches, except that the keytops are all joined into a
solid sheet that rest on top of the rubber domes.
9. It is a wireless keyboard.
10. A type of pointing device that is used primarily with game software on a PC.

B. Direction: Enumeration. Enumerate the following.

A. Keyboard Layout and Designs

1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. _____________________
B. Keyboard Elements
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. _____________________
GOODLUCK!!!