E19 20 Acidic Strength Basic Strength I II 1588700325

Acidic Strength & Basic Strength
ALLEN
ACIDIC STRENGTH & BASIC STRENGTH
Acidic strength : It can be explained by Bronsted -Lowry of Lewis concept.
(1) The Bronsted - Lowry concept of Acids and Bases
According to it - an acid is a substance that can donate a proton, and a base is a substance that can
accept a proton.
Consider, that gaseous hydrogen chloride dissolves in water :
N
Hydrogen chloride, a very strong acid, transfers its proton to water. Water acts as a base and
accepts the proton. The products that result from this reaction are hydronium ion (H3O+) and
chloride ion (Cl–).
0
-2
The molecule or ion that forms when an acid donates its proton is called the conjugate base of
E
that acid. (The chloride ion is the conjugate base of HCl). The molecule or ion that is formed
19
when a base accepts a proton is called the conjugate acid of that base.
(2) The Lewis concept of Acids and Bases
20
Lewis proposed that acids are electron pair acceptors and bases are electron pair donors.
LL
For example aluminium chloride, reacts with ammonia in the same way that a proton donor
n
does. Using curved arrows to show the donation of the electron pair of ammonia (the Lewis
io
base), it can be given as :

ss
Cl¯ + H –
Se
A
node06\B0AI-B0\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Leader\Che\Sheet\Acidic strength & Basic strength\Eng.p65
(I) Relative acidic strength of hydrocarbons
Being most electronegative the sp hybridised carbon atom of ethyne or terminal alkyne polarizes
its C – H bond to the greatest extent causing its H to be most positive therefore ethyne is most
acidic. Hence acidic strength order is
HC º CH > H2C = CH2 > H3C – CH3
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(II) Acidic Strength of Phenols :
When phenol ionises, the phenoxide ion is more stabilised by resonance than the unionised phenol.
OH O–
+
+H
Resonating structrures of phenol are :
Resonating structures of phenoxide ion are :
N
0
-2
E
19
Groups which are – I, – M increases acidic character of phenol by effectively dispersing
negative charge of phenoxide ion. However +I, and + M groups decreases acidic strength.
20
LL
n
Example :
io
ss
Se
Acid strength order : I > II > IV > V > III ( –NO2 show –M & –I while –OCH3 show
A
–I and +M )
So nitrophenol will be most acidic followed by phenol. Amongst cresol and methoxyphenol,
methoxyphenol has + M effect of – OCH3 which increases electron density hence decrease
acidic strength
Example
2 E
ALLEN
Acid strength order : I > III > II > IV
CH 3 have + I effect so all methylphenols (cresols) are less acidic than
phenol (I). Amongst cresols p- and o- CH3 are increasing the electron density due to their hyper
conjugation but ortho isomer has viable + I effect also, which will help in destabilising phenoxide
ion therefore o- is least acidic. Since at meta position only + I works it has least electron density
amongst the cresols
(III) Acidic strength of Carboxylic Acids :
-
R – C – OH R – C – O + HÅ
O O
(I)
RCOO– (I) exists as two equivalent cannonical structures I(A) and I(B). This ion is resonance
stablised and resonance hybrid structure is I(C), while RCOOH has two non equivalent resonating
structures making it less stable.
N
-
O O O
R–C R–C ºR–C
0
O -
O O
-2
I(A) I(B)
I(C)
E
Electron withdrawing group (–I effect) stablises the anion and hence, increases acidic
19
nature.
X C
O 20
LL
O
n
Ex. 1 F – CH2 – COOH > Cl – CH2COOH > Br – CH2COOH > I – CH2COOH
io
ss
Se
Cl Cl
Ex. 2 Cl – C – COOH > Cl – CH – COOH > Cl – CH2COOH > CH3COOH
A
Cl
Electron releasing group (+ I effect) destabilises the anion and hence decreases acidic nature.
O
X C
O
Ex. 3 HCOOH > CH3COOH > CH3 – CH2 – COOH
COOH COOH CH2 – COOH

Ex. 4 > CH2 >
COOH COOH CH2 – COOH
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Ortho effect :
Ortho derivative of benzoic acid is generally more acidic than benzoic acid itself. It is called ortho effect
CO2H CO2H
G
>
Explanation :
At ortho position when group G is attached, there will be steric repulsion between group G and
–CO2H group, due to which -CO2H group is partially out of plane. So resonance of phenyl group
w.r.t. –C– decreases and resonance of –OH group w.r.t. –C– increases, +ve charge on oxygen atom
O O
increases, –I effect increases, acidity increases.
N
•• – + d+
O=C–OH
•• O – C=O H
G G
0
-2
E
Example : If substitutent is –I and –M (–NO2 )
19
20
LL
n
io
ss
Se
A
Ka order = ortho > para > meta > benzoic acid
Example : If substitutent is (–I > +M ) – Cl, Br, F, I
Ka order = ortho > meta > para > benzoic acid

4 E
ALLEN
Example : If substitutent is (+M > –I) –OCH3
Ka order = meta » ortho > benzoic acid > para

Example : If substitutent is (+I, +H) – R (Alkyl group)
Ka order = ortho > benzoic acid > meta > para
N
BASIC STRENGTH
(I) Aliphatic Amines
0
Ease of protonation is the basic nature. Increasing strength of nitrogenous bases is related to readiness with
-2
which they are prepared to take up protons.
E
Consider the following molecules
19
, , ,
20
LL
By considering + I effect of methyl in above example we may expect basic nature as
NH3 < MeNH2 < Me2NH < Me3N (Which is not true always)
n
This is due to the fact that basic strength of an amine in water is determined not only by ease
io
of electron donation (protonation) of N atom but also by the extent to which cation so
formed can undergo SOLVATION and become stabilised by H atom attached to N atom.
ss
Greater is possibility of solvation via H bonding by water. Alkyl groups are hydrophobic
and inhibits H bonding hence solvation.
Se
A
>
Thus, due to two opposite effects i.e. solvation of cation and + I effect, the jumbled order
comes to be
Me2NH > Me – NH2 > Me3N > NH3
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It is also interesting to note that in gas phase basicity order of amines follows the usual order
of Me3N > Me2NH > MeNH2 > NH3 (Since only + I effect works and no solvation effect persists).
Similarly on the same reasons ethyl amines and other amine follows the following order for basic strength:
Et3N > Et2NH > EtNH2 > NH3 (gas phase)
Et2NH > Et3N > EtNH2 > NH3 (water as solvent)
:
(II) Aromatic amines (Ph – NH2) or Anilines :
N
When the lone pair lies in conjugation with a multiple bond, system can get resonance stabilisation.
Aniline is a weaker base than NH3 because it has delocalised lone pair.
0
-2
E
Example :
19
20
In pyrrole lone pairs are involved in resonance therefore it is less basic. But in pyridine lone pairs are
in perpendicular plane of p orbitals therefore not involved in resonance
LL
n
io
ss
Se
Ortho effect
A
Ortho derivative of aniline is generally less basic than aniline itself. It is called ortho effect
NH2 NH2
G
<
druring protonation N change its hybridisation from sp 2 to sp3. Steric crowding around N increases.
If G is occupied at ortho position then steric crowding further increases, stability of protonated product
decreases, basicity decreases.
6 E
ALLEN
sp2 sp3
Å
NH2 NH 3
+H+
(I) (II)
120° 109'28°
change of hybridisation causes steric repulsion.
sp2 sp3
Å
NH2 NH3
G G
+H+
(I') (II')
N
steric crowding further increases, stability of II' further decreases basicity order to I' < I
Example : Arrange the following in their basic strength
0
(i) G = (–M, –I); NO2
-2
NH2
–
E
19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Solution : (Aniline > m > p > o). 20

LL
(ii) G = (–I); CCl3
NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2
n
–
–
–
CCl3
–
io
–
CCl3
–
ss
CCl3
Solution : (Aniline > m > p > o).
Se
Basic Strength
A
* Acid amides are weaker bases

* Ability to donate e–
* Check stability of conjugate acid
1.
IV > III > II > I as the acidic character decreases from 1®IV, the basic character
2.
I > II > III > IV ® as E.N. , –ve charge becomes more stable and basic ¯
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– –
3. RO > RS
¯ ¯
ROH RSH
I > II as smaller the size, more will be the charge density.
4.
I > II , smaller the size, better the overlapping

5. NH2 NH N
NH3+ NH2+ NH +
I > II > III as s character , acidity
O
6. NH2
N
NH2 NH2
0
NH3+ NH3+
NH3+
-2
I > III > II, I - Localized
E
II - Dispersed on O Þ highly delocalize
19
III - Dispersed on C Þ moderately localize
7. NH2 NH2 NH2
NH3+ NH3+ NH3+

20
LL
I > II > III as I effect decreases from sp3 C ® sp C.
n
8. HC º C– CH2 = CH– CH3– CH -2
io
HC º CH CH2 = CH2 CH3– CH3

III > II > I as decreases from 1 ® III.
ss
NH2 CH2–NH2 O
Se
C
9. NH2
A
NO2
+
NH3+ CH2 NH3 O
C
NH3+
NO2
II > I > III
II - Localized L.P.
I - e– dispersed on C
III - e– dispersed on O
8 E
ALLEN
NH2
NH2
10.
NH3+
NH3+
I > II due to localized L.P.
11. Ph3N Ph2NH Ph–NH2
Ph3NH+ Ph2 NH 2+ Ph– NH 3+ III > II > I delocalized of e– decreases from
N
I ® III
0
-2
NH2 NH2 NH2
E
19
17.
20
LL
low SE
+ + +
NH NH NH
n
3 3 3
III < I < II

io
ss
high SE
Se
NMe2 NMe2 NMe2

A
18.
2 ortho substituted
+ + +
NMe2H NMe2H NMe2H
III < I < II
delocalized one ortho substituted
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NMe2
NMe2 NMe2 NMe2
19.
+
NMe2H
NMe2H+ NMe2H+ NMe2H+
IV > I > III > II
N
localized +H +I
L.P.
0
-2
NH2 E NH2 NH2 NH2
19
NO2
20.
NO2
NO2
20
LL
NH3+ NH3+ NH3+
n
NH3+
NO2
io
NO2
ss
NO2
Se
III > II > IV > I

A
–I –R SE
21. H2N NH2
+
H2N +
NH2 H2N NH3
NH 2 NH
II > I , sp2N is acidic than sp3 N
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22. H2N
I NH2
NH III
II
NH3+ NH2 H2N NH2 H2N NH3+
NH NH 2+ NH
III I II
(delocalized) (identical R.S.) (localized) II > III > I
H2N NH2
I
23. NH (Guanidine) ® most basic
II
N
H2N NH2 H3N + NH2
> II > I due to 3 identical R.S.
0
NH2+ NH
-2
NH2 E CH2NH2 NH2 NH2
19
25.
20
LL
NH3+
CH2–NH3+ NH3+ NH3+
n
io
ss
II I IV III
(Stabilizing + H) (Localized L.P) (Stabilized by +I)
Se
So, II > I > IV > III

A
NH2 O CH3
C
NH C
26. C
O
O NH2
NH3+ O
+
NH 2
O
O NH3+
III > I > II
–I –R e– displace on O
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ALLEN
27.
II > I > III
N
(Moderate R.S.) (Max R.S.) (Delocalization by Resonance)
0
-2
NH I NH2 III NH2+ NH2
E
19
28. NH2 IV NH2
NH2 II NH2
20
LL
NH NH2
n
NH2
io
+
NH 3
ss
NH NH3+ NH NH2
Se
A
NH2 NH3+
NH2 NH2
2
Localized I > II > III > IV sp N
L.P.
stability as Longest
e–approxy dispersal
on N of L.P.
12 E
ALLEN
29.
N
long
resonance
0
-2
Localized I > II > III Longestresonance of l.p.
E
19
30. NaOH NaHCO3
20
LL
I > II
n
as NaOH > NaHCO3
io
–ve charge is dispersed on O

ss
Se
N O O N
A
31.
I > II as l.p. is localized by bredt's rule
H H
+
N O O N
I > II as l.p. is localized by bredt's rule.
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H H H
N N N
32.
H +
H H H + H
+N H N N
III > II > I by more +1 or less strain.
N N
33.
N
N
H H
N+ N+
0
I > II ans N is II attracts the L.P.
-2
N
E
19
NH2 NH2
34. 20
LL
NO2 CN
n
io
NH3+ NH3+
ss
II > I, tendency of resonance in I > II (–R)

Se
NO2 CN
A
NH2 NO2
35. I > II, due to SIR, I ® –I II ® –R

NO2 Cº N
NH3+ NH3+
NO2 Cº N
14 E
ALLEN
NMe2 NMe2 I
36.
NMe2 II
NMe2 NMe2H+ NMe2 NMe2
I > II as after accepting H+ it forms a strong chelate

NMe2 NMe2H+
N
37.
N N N N N N
0
III > II > I
-2
I (more e– density attracts H+ more to from chelate)
E
19
N
38.
N NN N N N
20
LL
n
III > I > II
io
V. strong in one position

chelate it can form strong
ss
chelate with N
Se
A
E 15
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EXERCISE # I
1. Write correct order of acidic strength of following compounds :
O O
|| ||
(i) (a) NO 2 - CH 2 - C - O - H (b) F - CH 2 - C - O - H
O O
|| ||
(c) Ph - CH 2 - C - O - H (d) CH 3 - CH 2 - C - O - H
O O
|| ||
(ii) (a) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH - C - O - H (b) CH 3 - CH - CH 2 - C - O - H
| |
F F
O
||
(c) CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - C - O - H
|
N
F
O O
|| ||
(iii) (a) Cl - CH 2 - C - O - H (b) Cl - CH - C - O - H
0
|
-2
Cl
E Cl O
19
| ||
(c) Cl - C - C - O - H
|
Cl 20
LL
(iv)(a) CH3–CH2–O–H (b) CH 3 - CH - O - H
|
n
CH 3
CH3
io
(c) CH3–C–O–H
ss
CH3
(v) (a) (b) (c)
Se
COOH COOH COOH

A
COOH COOH CH 2 - COOH

(vi) (a) | (b) CH2 (c) |
COOH COOH CH 2 - COOH
(vii) (a) H–F (b) H–Cl (c) H–Br (d) H–I
(viii) (a) CH4 (b) NH3 (c) H2O (d) H–F
(ix)(a) F–CH2–CH2–O–H (b) NO2–CH2–CH2–O–H

Å
(c) Br–CH2–CH2–O–H (d) NH3 - CH2 - CH2 - O - H
(x) (a) CH3COOH (b) CH3CH2OH (c) C6H5OH (d) C6H5SO3H

16 E
ALLEN
2. Explain which is a stronger acid.
O O
|| ||
(a) CH3CH3 or BrCH2NO2 (b) CH 3 - C - CH 3 or CH 3 - C - CH 2CN
OH
(c) or (d) or
O=C–CH 3
3. Which of the following would you predict to be the stronger acid ?

(a) Benzoic acid or para-nitrobenzoic acid (b) CH3–CH2–CH2–OH or CH3–CH = CH – OH
N
(c) CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 – OH or CH3 – CH = CH – OH
4. Arrange the given phenol & its derivative in their decreasing order of acidity :
0
(I) C6H5–OH (II) F OH (III) Cl OH (IV) O2N OH
-2
E
Select the correct answer from the given code:
19
(A) IV > III > I > II (B) IV > II > III > I (C) IV > III > II > I (D) IV > I > III > II
5. Which one of the following is the most acidic?
20
LL
(A) (B) (C) (D) CH2=CH–CH3
n
6. Which of the following is weakest acid?
io
ss
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Se
A
7. Arrange pH of the given compounds in decreasing order:

(1) Phenol (2) Ethyl alcohol (3) Formic acid (4) Benzoic acid
(A) 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 (B) 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 (C) 3 > 2 > 4 > 1 (D) 4 > 3 > 1 > 2
8. Arrange acidity of given compounds in decreasing order:
(I ) CH 3–NH–CH2–CH2–OH (II) CH3–NH–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH
Å
(III) (CH 3 )3 N - CH 2 - CH 2 - OH
(A) III > I > II (B) III > II > I (C) I > II > III (D) II > I > III
E 17
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ALLEN
9. Consider the following compound
O
||
CH 3CCOOH
I II III
Which of the above compounds reacts with NaHCO3 giving CO2
(A) I, II and III (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) I and II
10. Say which pka belong to which functional group in case of following amino acids :
(i) cysteine : 1.8, 8.3 & 10.8
(ii) glutamic acid : : 2.19, 4.25, 9.67
N
11. Record the following sets of compounds according to increasing pKa ( = – log Ka)
0
-2
(a)
E , , cyclohexane carboxylic acid.
19
(b) 1-butyne, 1-butene, butane
(c) Propanoic acid, 3-bromopropanoic acid, 2-nitropropanoic acid
20
LL
(d) Phenol,o-nitrophenol, o-cresol
n
(e) Hexylamine, aniline, methylamine
io
12. Write correct order of acidic strength of following compounds:

ss
O–H O–H O–H O–H

NO2 NO2 NO2 NO2
(i) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Se
A
NO2 NO2 NO2
O–H O–H O–H

(ii) (a) (b) (c)
NO2 Cl CH3
O–H O O–H O–H O–H

N
\ (iii)(a) O (b) O (c) (d)
N
O N
O O
18 E
ALLEN
O–H O–H O–H O–H
(iv)(a) (b) (c) (d)
O–H O–H O–H

Cl
(v) (a) (b) (c)
Cl
Cl
O O
C–O–H C–O–H
CH3
(vi)(a) (b)
N
O O O
0
C–O–H C–O–H C–O–H
-2
(vii) (a) (b) (c) NO2
E
19
NO2
N
O O
13. Select the strongest acid in each of the following sets :
OH OH
20 OH
LL
OH
n
(i) (a) (b) (c) (d)
io
CH3 NO2 Cl NH2

ss
OH OH OH OH
Se
(ii) (a) (b) (c) (d)

A
NO2 F CH3
OH OH OH OH
OMe
(iii)(a) (b) (c) (d)
OMe
OMe
OH OH OH
NO2 OH
NO2
(iv)(a) (b) (c) (d)
NO2 NO2 NO2
NO2 NO2
NO2
E 19
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14. The strongest acid is :
(A)HF (B) CH3CO2H (C) HF + SbF5 (D) H2S
15. The weakest acid (does not show acidic character) is :
(A)HC º CH (B) CH2 = CH2 (C) Me3CH (D) Ph3CH
16. Which of the following is most acidic :
COOH COOH COOH COOH
(A) (B) (C) (D)

CH3
NO2 CH3
Paragraph for Question 17 to 18
The most important condition for resonance to occur is that the involved atoms in resonating structure
must be coplanar or nearly coplanar for maximum delocalisation. If this condition does not fulfil,
involved orbitals cannot be parallel to each other and as a consequence delocalisation cannot occcur.
N
Bulky groups present on adjacent atoms inhibit the planarity of atoms involved in resonance. This
phenomenon is known as steric inhibition of resonance. Steric inhibition of resonance has profound effect
on
0
(1) Physical properties (2) Acidity and basicity (3) Reactivity of organic compounds
-2
17. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of basicity :
NH2E CH3–N– CH3 NH2 NH2
19
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
NO2
NO2 20
LL
(A) I > II > III > IV (B) IV > III > II > I (C) II > I > IV > III (D) I > IV > III > II
18. Which of the following is most acidic :
n
COOH COOH COOH COOH
io
(A) (B) (C) (D)

ss
CH3
CH3 CH3
Se
19. How many following compounds are more acidic than water ?
A
(a) SO3H (b) HCl (c) CH3 – C º CH (d) CO 2H

OH
OH
(e) (f) (g) (h)
NO2
(i) NaOH
20. Select correct order regarding acidic strength of given compounds :
(1) o-methylbenzoic acid (2) m-methylbenzoic acid
(3) p-methylbenzoic acid (4) benzoic acid
(A)1 > 2 > 3 > 4 (B) 4 > 3 > 2 > 1 (C) 1 > 4 > 2 > 3 (D) 3 > 2 > 4 > 1
20 E
ALLEN
EXERCISE # II
1. Write decreasing order of basic strength of following :
– – – –
(i) (a) CH3 (b) NH2 (c) OH (d) F
– – – –
(ii) (a) F (b) Cl (c) Br (d) I
(iii) (a) NH3 (b) MeNH2 (c) Me2NH (d) Me3N (in H2O)
(iv) (a) NH3 (b) MeNH2 (c) Me2NH (d) Me3N (Gas phase)
(v) (a) R–NH2 (b) Ph–NH2 (c) R - C - NH 2

||
O
O
N
(vi) (a) (b) (c)
NH NH N
0
Me
-2
E NH2 NH2
19
(vii)(a) (b) (c)
NH
20
LL
N N N
n
(viii) (a) (b) (c)
io
O2N Me F
ss
NH2 NH2 NH2

Se
NH2
A
(ix) (a) (b) (c) (d)

Å Cl CH 3 H
NH3
2. Write decreasing order of basic strength of following :

·· ·· ··
(i) (a) CH3–CH2– N H 2 (b) CH3–CH= NH (c) CH3–Cº N
· · ·· · · · · · ·
(ii) (a) CH 3 - C - NH 2 (b) CH3–CH2– NH 2 (c) CH 3 - C - N H 2 (d) NH 2- C - N H 2
|| || ||
O NH
··
N
··
H
E 21
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ALLEN
NH2
(iii) (a) (b) (c)

N N
H
NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2
(iv) (a) (b) (c) (d)
NO2 CN OMe NH2
N
NH2 NH2 NH2
NO2
0
(v) (a) (b) (c)
-2
NO2
E NO2
19
NH2 NH2
(vi) (a)
Me Me
(b)
20
LL
Me Me
N N
O O
n
O O
io
O
ss
NH–C–CH3 NH2 NH–CH2–CH3

Se
(vii)(a) (b) (c)

A
(viii) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(ix) (a) (b) (c) (d)
22 E
ALLEN
3. Select the strongest base in following compound :
O S
(i) (a) (b) (c) (d)
N N N N
H H H
NH2
(ii) (a) (b) (c) (d)

NH
N N
H
N
(iii) (a) (b) (c) (d)
N
N N N N
0
H H CH3 Et
-2
E Ph H Me
19
+
N¯Li N N N
(iv) (a) (b) (c) (d)

20
LL
4. Arrange the following compound in decreasing order of their basicity.
n
(i) (a) H2C = CHNa (b) CH3CH2Na (c) CH3CH2ONa (d) HC º CNa
io
NH2
ss
(ii) (a) NH2 (b) CH2 – NH2 (c) (d) C – NH2

NO2 O
Se
A
(iii) (a) HO¯ (b) NH3 (c) H2O (d) HSO4¯

5. Correct decreasing order of basic strength -
NH2 NH2 NMe2

N N H–N N
H–N
N
H
(I) (II) (III)
Of following compound -
(A) III > II > I (B) II > I > III (C) I > II > III (D) III > I > II
E 23
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
6. Consider the following bases:
(I) o-nitroaniline (II) m-nitroaniline (III) p-nitroaniline
The decreasing order of basicity is:
(A) II > III > I (B) II > I > III (C) I > II >III (D) I > III > II
7. Consider the basicity of the following aromatic amines:
(I) aniline (II) p-nitroaniline (III) p-methoxyaniline (IV) p-methylaniline
The correct order of decreasing basicity is:
(A) III > IV > I > II (B) III > IV > II > I (C) I > II > III > IV (D) IV > III > II > I
8. Which one of the following is least basic in character?
N
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0
-2
9. In each of the following pair of compounds, which is more basic in aqueous solution?
E
19
Give an explanation for your choice:
(a) CH3NH2 or CF3NH2
20
LL
(b) CH3CONH2 or H2N NH2
n
(c) CH3CH2CH2NH2 or CH3CN
io
(d) C6H5N(CH3)2 or 2,6-dimethyl-N-N-dimethylaniline

ss
10. Choose the member of each of the following pairs of compunds that is likely to be the weaker base.
(a) H2O or H3O+ (b) Cl¯, SH¯ (c) F¯, OH¯, NH¯,
2 CH¯ (d) HF, H2O, NH3
Se
(e) OH¯, SH¯, SeH¯

A
11. Explain which compound is the weaker base.

(a) or (b) CH2 = CH – CH = CH – CH2– or CH2 = CH – CH2–
COO¯ COOH
(c) | or | (d) or
COOH COOH
24 E
ALLEN
12. Arrange the basic strength of the following compounds.
(a) OH¯ CH3COO¯ Cl¯

(i) (ii) (iii)
(b) CH º C¯ CH2 = CH¯ CH3CH 2¯
(i) (ii) (iii)
(c) CH2 = CHCH2NH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 NH 2 CH º C – CH2NH2
(i) (ii) (iii)
(d)
N
(i) (ii) (iii)
13. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing basicity.
0
(a) CH3NH2, CH3 NH 3Å , CH3NH¯
-2
(b) CH3O¯, CH3NH¯, CH3CH¯2
14.
E
Which of the following is most basic :
19
N N
(A)
N
(B)
N N
(C)
N 20 (D)
N
LL
N
n
15. Basicity order of N in following compound is :
io
ss
CH3 CH3
O
Nb
Se
H2N– C– CH 2 CH2 – NH – C– CH 3
c
A
NH
a
N
CH3 d CH3
(A) b > d > a > c (B) a > b > d > c (C) a > b > c > d (D) a > c > b > d
E 25
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
16. The conjugate base of serotonin (used as tranquilisers) is given as follows :
CH2–CH2–NH2
–
O
••
N
H
How many basic groups present in following compound ?

17. The structure of saccharin is given as follows :
O
C
NH [Provided N is the donor atom in all cases]
S
O O
N
How many following compounds are more basic than saccharin ?
O
0
C
-2
(i) CH3– C – NH2 (ii) H2N– C – NH 2 (iii) CH3 – C – NH2 (iv) N–H
ENH NH O
C
19
O
CH2–NH2
(v) (vi) N
20
LL
n
io
ss
Se
A
26 E
ALLEN
EXERCISE # III
1. In given reaction Gas liberated is/are
O O–H
C
14
NaHCO3
SO3H
(A) CO2 & SO3 (B) SO3 & 14CO2 (C) 14CO2 only (D) SO2 only
2. Arrange marked atom in decreasing order of acidic strength
2
H O
N
3 1
H N–H
0
(A) 1 > 2 > 3 (B) 3 > 2 > 1 (C) 2 > 1 > 3 (D) 2 > 3 > 1
-2
3. Column - I Column-I
E
19
OH
(A) (P) React with NaOH

20
LL
OH
n
(B) (Q) React with NaHCO3
io
ss
OH
Se
(C) (R) React with NaH

A
NO2
OH
NO2
(D) (S) React with Na
NO2
(T) React with NaNH2
E 27
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
4. Compound which can give effevescences with NaHCO3
OH O OH
COOH
(i) (Salicylic acid) (ii) (Squaric acid)
O OH
SO3H OH
O2N NO2
(iii) (Benzene sulphonic acid) (iv) (Picric acid)
NO2
OH
(v) Ph–CH=CH–COOH (cinnamic acid) (vi)
OH CH2–OH OH OH
N
NO2
(vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
NO2
0
NO2
-2
5. Statement-1 : For the given two compounds-I is more acidic than compounds-II.
E NO2 CN
19
H3C CH3 H3C CH3
OH OH
(I) (II) 20
LL
and
Statement-2 : Due to presence of –CH3 group at ortho positions to –NO2 ; the plane of –NO2
n
deviates, w.r.t plane of ring.
io
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ss
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
Se
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

A
6. Statement 1 : is more basic than

O N O O
N
(I) H
(II)
and
Statement 2 : Lone pair electrons on nitrogen in compound (I) does not participate in resonance.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
28 E
ALLEN
7. Match Column-I with Column-II.
Column-I (Facts) Column-II (Reasons)
(A) Guanidine H2N–C–NH2 is example (P) Resonance stabilisation of conjugate acid
of strong base NH of strong base.
(B) Carbanion stability CCl3 > CF3 (Q) Due to s-character of central atoms
(C) Alkyne is more acidic than alkene (R) Due to d-orbital resonance
(D) Acidity : (S) Due to formation of aromatic anion
< (T) Stability of conjugate base due to more
number of identical resonating structure

8. Match Column-I with Column-II.
N
Column-I (Compounds) Column-II (pKa)
(A) HO F (P) 7.15
0
(B) HO Cl
-2
(Q) 10.14
E
19
(C) HO NO2 (R) 9.98
(D) HO CH3 (S) 9.38

20
LL
(T) pKa is more than phenol
(Comprehension) (Q.9 to Q.11)
n
Observe the following feasible reactions :
io
COOH ONa COONa OH

ss
(i) + +
Se
A
NO 2 NO 2
OH ONa
NO2 NO2
(ii) + NaHCO3 ¾® + H2CO3
NO 2 NO 2
ONa OH
(iii) + H2CO3 ¾® + NaHCO3
E 29
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
Answer the following question :
9. Which of the following is the correct order of acidic strength.
COOH OH OH COOH OH OH
NO2 NO2
(A) > > H2CO3 > (B) > > > H2CO3
NO 2 NO 2
COOH OH OH
NO2
(C) > H2CO3 > > (D) None
N
NO 2
10. Which of the following compound does not react with NaHCO3
0
OH OH OH COOH
-2
(A)
E (B) (C) (D)
19
NO 2
CH3 NO2 NO2
11. Identify the feasible reactions

20
LL
COOH COONa
n
(A) + NaHCO3 ¾® + H2O + CO2
io
ss
NH2 NHNa
Se
(B) + NaHCO3 ¾® + H2O + CO2

A
OH ONa
(C) + NaHCO3 ¾® + H2O + CO2
COONa COOH COOH COO¯
(D) + ¾® +
NO2 NO2
30 E
ALLEN
12. Identify the non-feasible reaction
••
CH3—C º C + NH3
(A) CH3–C º CH + NH2¯
CH3CH2ONa + H2
(B) CH3CH2—OH + NaH
CH3ONa + H2O

(C) CH3—OH + NaOH
HCºCNa + H2O

(D) HCºCH + NaOH
13. Select the number of compounds in which deprotonation gives aromatic anion :
O
HO–CH2 O
O O
O
HN NH H
(A) (B) HO (C) (D)
O O OH N O
N
HO
Barbituric acid Ascorbic acid |
(Vitamin-C) H
Paragraph for Questions 14 and 15
0
-2
Aqueous
E Layer
19
(Salt - B)
Aqueous
OH Organic Layer
NaOH
COOH
Aqueous 20 Organic
LL
NaHCO3
Layer
Aqueous Layer
n
(Compound - C)
io
(Salt - A)
Mixture of
3-compounds
ss
in hexane
14. Identify salt 'A' ?
Se
– + – +
A
O Na COO Na +
– Na
(A) (B) (C) (D) All of these

15. Identify compound 'C' ?
OH COOH OH
(A) (B) (C) (D)
COOH
E 31
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
EXERCISE # IV (JEE-MAIN)
1. Picric acid is - [AIEEE-2002]
COOH COOH OH COOH
NO2 NO2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
NO 2 OH NH 2
NO2
2. Which of the following speices acts both as bronsted acid & base – [AIEEE-2002]
(1) NH3 (2) OH¯ (3) HSO Q4 (4) 1 and 3 both
3. The correct order of increasing basic nature for the bases NH3, CH2NH2 and (CH3)2NH is-
[AIEEE-2003]
(1) CH3NH2 < NH3 < (CH3)2NH (2) (CH3)2NH < NH3 < CH3NH2
N
(3) NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH (4) CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH < NH
4. Consider the acidity of the carboxylic acids- [AIEEE-2004]
0
(i) PhCOOH (ii) o–NO2C6H4COOH
-2
(iii) p-NO2C6H4COOH
E (iv) m-NO2C6H4COOH
19
which of the following is the correct order of acidity-
(1) i > ii > iii > iv (2) ii > iv > iii > i
(3) ii > iv > i > iii 20
(4) ii > iii > iv > i
LL
5. Which of the following is the strongest base - [AIEEE-2004]
n
(1) NH2 (2) NHCH3
io
(3) NH2 (4) CH2NH2

ss
CH3
Se
6. Among the following acids which has the lowest pk a value- [AIEEE-2005]
A
(1) CH3CH2COOH (2) (CH3)2CHCOOH

(3) HCOOH (4) CH3COOH
7. Amongest the following the most basic compound is- [AIEEE-2005]
(1) p-nitro aniline (2) Acetanilide

(3) Aniline (4) Benzylamine
8. What is the conjugate base of OH¯? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) H2O (2) O2 (3) O2– (4) O¯
9. Among the following acids which has the lowest pKa value? [AIEEE-2005]
(1) HCOOH (2) CH3COOH
(3) CH3CH2COOH (4) (CH3)2CH–COOH
32 E
ALLEN
10. The correct order of increasing acid strength of the compounds is [AIEEE-2006]
(a) CH3CO2H (b) MeOCH2CO2H
Me
(c) CF3CO2H (d) CO2 H
Me
(1) d < a < c < b (2) d < a < b < c
(3) a < d < c < b (4) b < d < a < c
11. Which one of the following is the strongest base in aqueous solution ? [AIEEE-2007]
(1) Trimethylamine (2) Aniline
(3) Dimethylamine (4) Methylamine
12. The correct order of increasing basicity of the given conjugate base (R=CH3) is :- [AIEEE-2010]
(1) RCOO < HC º C < NH 2 < R (2) RCOO < HC º C < R < NH 2
N
(3) R < HC º C < RCOO < NH 2 (4) RCOO < NH 2 < HC º C < R
0
13. The strongest acid amongst the following compounds is ? [AIEEE-2011]
-2
(1) CH3CH2CH(Cl)CO2H (2) ClCH2CH2CH2COOH
(3) CH3COOH
E (4) HCOOH
19
14. The correct order of acid strength of the following compounds :-
A. Phenol B. p-Cresol
C. m-Nitrophenol D. p- Nitrophenol
20
LL
is :- [AIEEE-2011]
n
(1) C > B > A > D (2) D > C > A > B
io
(3) B > D > A > C (4) A > B > D > C

15. In the following compounds : [JEE(Main)-2012]
ss
O
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
Se
N N N N
H
A
H H
the order of basicity is as follows :
(1) IV > III > II > I (2) II > III > I > IV
(3) I > III > II > IV (4) III > I > II > IV
16. The most basic compound among the following is :- [JEE(Main)-2012]
(1) Acetanilide (2) Benzylamine
(3) p-Nitro aniline (4) Aniline
17. The order of basicity of amines in gaseous state is :- [JEE(Main)-2013]
(1) 3° > 2° > NH3 > 1° (2) 1° > 2° > 3° > NH3
(3) NH3 > 1° > 2°> 3° (4) 3° > 2° > 1° > NH3
E 33
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
18. Arrange the following compounds in order of decreasing acidity : [JEE(Main)-2013]
OH OH OH OH
; ; ;
Cl CH3 NO2 OCH3

(I) (II) (III) (IV)
(1) II > IV > I > III (2) I > II > III > IV
(3) III > I > II > IV (4) IV > III > I > II
19. The conjugate base of hydrazoic acid is :- [JEE(Main)-2014]
(1) HN3¯ (2) N¯3 (3) N¯2 (4) N–3
N
20. Which one of the following compounds will not be soluble in sodium bicarbonate ?
[JEE(Main)-2014]
0
(1) Benzene sulphonic acid (2) Benzoic acid
-2
E
(3) o-Nitrophenol (4) 2, 4, 6 - Trinitrophenol
19
21. Considering the basic strength of amines in aqueous solution, which one has the smallest pKb value ?
20 [JEE(Main)-2014]
LL
(1) (CH3)3N (2) C6H5NH2 (3) (CH3)2NH (4) CH3NH2
n
22. Among the following oxoacids, the correct decreasing order of acid strength is : [JEE(Main)-2014]
io
(1) HClO4 > HClO3 > HClO2 > HOCl (2) HClO2 > HClO4 > HClO3 > HOCl
ss
(3) HOCl > HClO2 > HClO3 > HClO4 (4) HClO4 > HOCl > HClO2 > HClO3
23. Among the following compounds, the increasing order of their basic strength is:-
Se
A
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
(1) (II) < (I) < (III) < (IV) (2) (I) < (II) < (IV) < (III) [JEE(Main)-On-Line 2017]
(3) (II) < (I) < (IV) < (III) (4) (I) < (II) < (III) < (IV)
24. The increasing order of basicity of the following compounds is : [JEE(Main)-2018]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (b) < (a) < (c) < (d) (2) (b) < (a) < (d) < (c)
(3) (d) < (b) < (a) < (c) (4) (a) < (b) < (c) < (d)
34 E
ALLEN
EXERCISE # V (J-ADVANCED)
1. In the following compounds [IIT-JEE-1996]
OH OH OH OH
NO2
CH3 NO 2
I II III IV
The order of acidity is -
(A) III>IV>I>II (B) I>IV>III>II (C) II>I>III>IV (D) IV>III>I>II
2. Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than benzoate ion, benzoic acid is
a stronger acid than phenol. Why ? [IIT-JEE-1997]
3. Amongst the following, the most basic compound is - [IIT-JEE-2000]
N
(A) C6H5NH2 (B) p–NO2–C6H4NH2 (C) m–NO2–C6H4NH2 (D) C6H5CH2NH2
4. The correct order of basicities of the following compounds is : [IIT-JEE-2001]
O
0
NH
CH3–C CH3CH2NH2 (CH3)2NH CH3CNH 2
-2
NH2
E , , ,
1 2 3 4
19
(A) 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 (B) 1 > 3 > 2 > 4 (C) 3 > 1 > 2 > 4 (D) 1 > 2 > 3 > 4
5. Statement-I : p-Hydroxybenzoic acid has a lower boiling point that o-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Because 20
LL
Statement-II : o-Hydroxybenzoic acid has intramolecular hydrogen bonding. [IIT-JEE-2003]
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True ; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
n
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
io
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.

(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.
ss
6. Match Ka values with suitable acid : [IIT-JEE-2003]

Se
Ka Acid
A
(A) 3.3 × 10–5 (p) —COOH

(B) 4.2 × 10–5 (q) Me— —COOH
(C) 6.3 × 10–5 (r) Cl— —COOH
(D) 6.4 × 10–5 (s) MeO— —COOH
(E) 30.6 × 10–5 (t) O2N— —COOH
E 35
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
7. (a) Which of the following is more acidic and why ? [IIT-JEE-2004]
Å Å
NH3 NH3
F
(I) (II)
HOOC
OH
2Moles NaNH
8. O2N ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
2®
A. The product (A) will be : [IIT-JEE-2007]
CH
OH
HOOC 1
OOC
N
O1 OH
(A) O2N (B) O2N
0
CH C1
-2
O1 OH
1 EOOC HOOC
19
OH OH
(C) O2N (D) O2N

CH
20
C1
LL
O1 O1
9. The correct acidity order of the following is : [IIT-JEE-2009]
n
OH OH COOH COOH
io
ss
Cl CH3
Se
(I) (II) (III) (IV)

A
(A) (III) > (IV) > (II) > (I) (B) (IV) > (III) > (I) > (II)
(C) (III) > (II) > (I) > (IV) (D) (II) > (III) > (IV) > (I)
10. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds soluble in aquesous NaOH is:
[IIT-JEE-2010]
H3 C CH3
N COOH OCH2CH3 OH NO2
CH2OH
OH CH2CH3 COOH
CH2CH3
N
H3 C CH3
36 E
ALLEN
11. Among the following compounds, the most acidic is [IIT-JEE-2011]
(A) p-nitrophenol (B) p-hydroxybenzoic acid
(C) o-hydroxybenzoic acid (D) p-toluic acid
12. The carboxyl functional group (–COOH) is present in - [IIT-JEE-2012]
(A) picric acid (B) barbituric acid (C) ascorbic acid (D) aspirin
13. Identify the binary mixtures (s) that can be separated into the individual compounds, by differential
extraction, as shown in the given scheme - [IIT-JEE-2012]
NaOH(aq)
Compound 1 + Compound 2
N
Binary mixture containing
Compund 1 and compound 2
NaHCO3(aq)
0
Compound 1 + Compound 2
-2
E
(A) C6H5OH and C6H5COOH (B) C6H5COOH and C6H5CH2OH
19
(C) C6H5CH2OH and C6H5OH (D) C6H5CH2OH and C6H5CH2COOH
14. 20
The compound that does NOT liberate CO2, on treatment with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution,
LL
is - [JEE-ADVANCED-2013]
n
(A) Benzoic acid (B) Benzenesulphonic acid (C) Salicylic acid (D) Carbolic acid (phenol)
io
15. Hydrogen bonding plays a central role in the following phenomena [JEE-ADVANCED-2014]
ss
(A) Ice floats in water

Se
(B) Higher Lewis basicity of primary amines than tertiary amines in aqueous solutions
A
(C) Formic acid is more acidic than acetic acid
(D) Dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene

16. The order of basicity among the following compounds is [JEE-ADVANCED-2017]

NH NH 2
N NH HN N
H3C NH2 H2N NH
I II III IV
(A) II > I > IV > III (B) IV > II > III > I
(C) I > IV > III > II (D) IV > I > II > III
E 37
JEE-Chemistry
ALLEN
ANSWER-KEY
EXERCISE # I
1. (i) a > b > c > d, (ii) a>b>c, (iii) c > b > a, (iv) a > b > c,
(v) c > b > a, (vi) a > b > c (vii) d > c > b > a , (viii)d > c > b > a,
(ix) d > b > a > c, (x) d > a > c> b
2. (a) 2 ; (b) 2 ; (c) 1 ; (d) 1 3. (a) 2 ; (b) 2 ; (c) 2 4. (C) 5. (B)

6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A)
10. (i) cysteine : (ii) glutamic acid :
N
11. (a) 3 < 2 < 1 ; (b) 1 < 2 < 3 ; (c) 3 < 2 < 1 ; (d) 2 < 1 < 3 ; (e) 2 < 3 < 1
0
12. (i) d > c > a > b, (ii) a > b > c, (iii) c > a > b > d, (iv) d > b > c > a,
-2
(v) a > b > c, (vi) b > a (vii) c > a > b
13.
E
(i) b , (ii) a, (iii) b , (iv) b 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (B)
19
17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (4) 20 (C)
EXERCISE # II 20
LL
1. (i) a > b> c> d, (ii) a > b > c > d, (iii) c > b> d> a , (iv) d > c > b > a
n
(v) a > b > c, (vi) c > b > a (vii) c > a > b, (viii) b > c > a, (ix) c > d > b > a
io
2. (i) a > b > c, (ii) d > c > b > a, (iii) b > c > a, (iv) d > c > b > a,
ss
(v) b > a > c, (vi) b > a, (vii) c > b > a, (viii) d > a > b > c
(ix) d > c > b > a

Se
A
3. (i) d, (ii) b, (iii) a, (iv) a
4. (i) b > a > d > c, (ii) b > a > c > d, (iii) a > b > c > d
5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (A) 8. (A)
9. (a) i , (b) ii , (c) i , (d) ii 10. (a) 2 ; (b) 1 ; (c) 1 ; (d) 1 ; (e) 3
11. (a) 2; (b) 1;(c) 2; (d) 2 12. (a) 1 > 2 > 3 ; (b) 1 < 2 < 3 ; (c) 3 < 1 < 2 ; (d) 2 < 1 < 3
13. (a) 2 < 1 < 3 ; (b) 1 < 2 < 3 14. (C) 15. (B)
••
16. 3, 3 basic groups are NH 2 ; –NH–;O — 17. (6)
38 E
ALLEN
EXERCISE # III
1. (C) 2. (C)
3. (A) – R, S, T ; (B) – P, R, S, T ; (C) – P, Q, R, S, T ; (D) – P, Q, R, S, T
4. (i) , (ii) (iii) (iv), (v) (ix) 5. (D) 6. (A)
7. (A) – P,T ; (B) – R; (C) – Q ; (D) – S, T 8. (A) – R ; (B) – S; (C) – P ; (D) – Q, T
9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (A, D) 12. (D)
13. (A, B, C, D) 14. (B) 15. (C)
EXERCISE # IV (JEE-MAIN)
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (4)
N
6. (3) 7. (4) 8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (2)
11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (3)
0
16. (2) 17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (2) 20. (3)
-2
21. (3) E 22. (1) 23. (3) 24. (2)
19
EXERCISE # V (J-ADVANCED)
1. (D) 2. Benzoate has equivalent resonating structures 3. (D) 4. (B)
20
LL
5. (D) 6. A-(s) ; B-(q) ; C-(p) ; D-(r) ; E-(t) 7. (II is most acidic) 8. (C) 9. (A)
10. (4) 11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (B, D) 14. (D)
n
io
15. (A, B, D) 16. (D)

ss
Se
A
E 39

E19 20 Acidic Strength Basic Strength I II 1588700325

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E19 20 Acidic Strength Basic Strength I II 1588700325

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Acidic Strength & Basic Strength

base), it can be given as :

(I) Relative acidic strength of hydrocarbons

HC º CH > H2C = CH2 > H3C – CH3

Resonating structrures of phenol are :

Resonating structures of phenoxide ion are :

Ex. 3 HCOOH > CH3COOH > CH3 – CH2 – COOH

COOH COOH CH2 – COOH

node06\B0AI-B0\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Leader\Che\Sheet\Acidic strength & Basic strength\Eng.p65

Ka order = ortho > para > meta > benzoic acid

Example : If substitutent is (–I > +M ) – Cl, Br, F, I

Ka order = ortho > meta > para > benzoic acid

Ka order = meta » ortho > benzoic acid > para

Ka order = ortho > benzoic acid > meta > para

change of hybridisation causes steric repulsion.

Solution : (Aniline > m > p > o). 20

* Acid amides are weaker bases

* Check stability of conjugate acid

I > II , smaller the size, better the overlapping

NH3+ NH3+ NH3+

HC º CH CH2 = CH2 CH3– CH3

11. Ph3N Ph2NH Ph–NH2

Ph3NH+ Ph2 NH 2+ Ph– NH 3+ III > II > I delocalized of e– decreases from

III < I < II

NMe2 NMe2 NMe2

delocalized one ortho substituted

IV > I > III > II

III > II > IV > I

21. H2N NH2

II > I , sp2N is acidic than sp3 N

NH3+ NH2 H2N NH2 H2N NH3+

So, II > I > IV > III

II > I > III

–ve charge is dispersed on O

I > II as l.p. is localized by bredt's rule

II > I, tendency of resonance in I > II (–R)

35. I > II, due to SIR, I ® –I II ® –R

NMe2 NMe2H+ NMe2 NMe2

I > II as after accepting H+ it forms a strong chelate

V. strong in one position

COOH COOH COOH

COOH COOH CH 2 - COOH

COOH COOH CH 2 - COOH

(vii) (a) H–F (b) H–Cl (c) H–Br (d) H–I

(viii) (a) CH4 (b) NH3 (c) H2O (d) H–F

(ix)(a) F–CH2–CH2–O–H (b) NO2–CH2–CH2–O–H

(x) (a) CH3COOH (b) CH3CH2OH (c) C6H5OH (d) C6H5SO3H

3. Which of the following would you predict to be the stronger acid ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

7. Arrange pH of the given compounds in decreasing order:

(i) cysteine : 1.8, 8.3 & 10.8

(ii) glutamic acid : : 2.19, 4.25, 9.67

12. Write correct order of acidic strength of following compounds:

O–H O–H O–H O–H

NO2 NO2 NO2

O–H O–H O–H

(ii) (a) (b) (c)

O–H O O–H O–H O–H

O–H O–H O–H O–H

(iv)(a) (b) (c) (d)

O–H O–H O–H

CH3 NO2 Cl NH2

(ii) (a) (b) (c) (d)

CH3ONa + H2O

HCºCNa + H2O