Chapter 1 - Overview of Public Health Administration

CHAPTER
1
Overview of Public Health
Administration
James A. Johnson and Leiyu Shi
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
t To be able to define public health and population health

t To describe public health functions and essential services
t To understand the systems perspective in public health and the utility of systems
thinking
t To understand the roles and responsibilities of public health administrators
t To be familiar with core competencies for public health managers and leaders
t To identify the purpose and goals of Healthy People 2020 and how this relates to
public health administration
Chapter Overview
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2 Chapter 1 Overview of Public Health Administration
Public Health and Population

Health Definitions
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Public Health and Population Health Definitions 3
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Public Health Functions

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Table 1.1 Essential Public Health Services

1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
4. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable.
8. Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce.
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services.
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
Source: Reproduced from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Available at: http://www.cdc
.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html. Accessed December 16, 2012.
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Systems Perspective in Public Health 5
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Box 1.1 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Statement on Systems Thinking

Public health researchers and practitioners often work to solve complex population and health issues,
such as obesity and chronic disease, which are deeply embedded within the fabric of society. As such,
the solutions often require intervention and engagement with key stakeholders and organizations
across many levels ranging from local entities (schools, churches, and work environments) to regional
systems (health departments and hospital networks) to entire countries (national agencies). This
multilevel, multiparticipant view is at the heart of systems thinking, a process of understanding how
parts influence one another within a whole.
Source: Reproduced from National Cancer Institute, Washington, DC. Available at: https://researchtoreality.cancer.gov
/cyber-seminars/using-systems-thinking-and-tools-solve-public-health-problems. Accessed December 1, 2012.
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9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 7 23/04/13 10:02 AM

Table 1.2 Management Competencies, Health Policy and Management

D. Health Policy and Management*
Health policy and management is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry and practice concerned with
the delivery, quality, and costs of health care for individuals and populations. This definition
assumes both a managerial and a policy concern with the structure, process, and outcomes of
health services including the costs, financing, organization, outcomes, and accessibility of care.
Competencies: Upon graduation, a student with an MPH should be able to…
D.1 Identify the main components and issues of the organization, financing, and delivery of health
services and public health systems in the United States.
D.2 Describe the legal and ethical bases for public health and health services.
D.3 Explain methods of ensuring community health safety and preparedness.
D.4 Discuss the policy process for improving the health status of populations.
D.5 Apply the principles of program planning, development, budgeting, management, and
evaluation in organizational and community initiatives.
D.6 Apply principles of strategic planning and marketing to public health.
D.7 Apply quality and performance improvement concepts to address organizational performance
issues.
D.8 Apply “systems thinking” for resolving organizational problems.
D.9 Communicate health policy and management issues using appropriate channels and
technologies.
D.10 Demonstrate leadership skills for building partnerships.
*In this series, health policy is treated as a separate text and area of inquiry. As such, this text addresses only the
health management competencies.
Source: ASPH.
Table 1.3 Management Competencies, Leadership

H. Leadership
The ability to create and communicate a shared vision for a changing future, champion solutions to
organizational and community challenges, and energize commitment to goals.
Competencies: Upon graduation, it is increasingly important that a student with an MPH be
able to…
H.1 Describe the attributes of leadership in public health.
H.2 Describe alternative strategies for collaboration and partnership among organizations, focused
on public health goals.
H.3 Articulate an achievable mission, set of core values, and vision.
H.4 Engage in dialogue and learning from others to advance public health goals.
H.5 Demonstrate team building, negotiation, and conflict management skills.
H.6 Demonstrate transparency, integrity, and honesty in all actions.
H.7 Use collaborative methods for achieving organizational and community health goals.
H.8 Apply social justice and human rights principles when addressing community needs.
H.9 Develop strategies to motivate others for collaborative problem solving, decision making, and
evaluation.
Source: ASPH.
9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 8 23/04/13 10:02 AM

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9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 10 23/04/13 10:02 AM

Chapter 1 - Overview of Public Health Administration

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Chapter 1 - Overview of Public Health Administration

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CHAPTER

t To be able to define public health and population health

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Public Health and Population

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Healthcare Traditional Social

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9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 3 23/04/13 10:02 AM

Public Health Functions

Table 1.1 Essential Public Health Services

9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 4 23/04/13 10:02 AM

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Systems Perspective in Public Health

9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 5 23/04/13 10:02 AM

Box 1.1 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Statement on Systems Thinking

Role of the Public Health Administrator

9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 6 23/04/13 10:02 AM

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9781449657413_CH01_PASS02.indd 7 23/04/13 10:02 AM

Table 1.2 Management Competencies, Health Policy and Management

Table 1.3 Management Competencies, Leadership

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