Kivnon: An Assistive AlCal Sensing and CEL System for the Prevention of Driving Under

Influence (DUI) Cases

Research Plan

Submitted to:
Mrs. Calvin Joy V. Bauno
Research III Adviser

Submitted by:
Bautista, Necole Ira

Negros Occidental National Science High School

November 2020
• Questions or Problems Being Addressed

There are harms associated with drinking alcohol. This can be serious and even life
threatening. Statistics show that the serious consequences caused by drinking alcohol generally
falls into three categories. The three categories include health and safety, legal, and social. In
health and safety, injury and overdose is the most likely effect. In terms of legal and social,
alcohol contributes to criminal behaviors such as assaults, property damage, offensive behavior
and drunk driving. (Tornema, 2016)

The Philippine Bureau of Statistics reported that 11, 363 road accidents occurred in 2016.
The investigation done by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 shows that about 50%-
60% of traffic accidents are related to drunk driving. (Bozeman, 2015)

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 15.1 million adults
those ages 18 and older had driving under influence cases. This includes 9.8 million men which
is 8.4% of men in this age group and 5.3 million women which is 4.2% of women in this age
group.

According to Karleus \(2016), 1.17 million people got driving under influence in the
Philippines in 2012. That is approximately 3200 people per day and 134 people per hour. Two
thirds of the driving under influence (DUI) is from first-time offenders. Every 53 minutes
someone in the Philippines dies in an alcohol related automobile accident.

Every 90 seconds, someone is injured. Approximately one in every two thousand cars in the
road is being driven by a drunk driver. Seth Mydans cited by Jones (2017) wrote that street cries,
violent bank robberies, carjacking and kidnappings caused by drinking alcohol have added an
atmosphere of lawlessness. (Scott, 2019)

Drunk driving has a high probability to lead to serious accidents. Even with a small amount
of alcohol consumption, drivers are twice likely to be involved in traffic accidents. It has been
found that while driving under the influence of alcohol, the risk of having an accident causing
injury or death increases exponentially. (Nia, 2016)

The Philippine General Hospital, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
(NIAAA) and World Health Organization (WHO) considers patients with blood alcohol levels of
0.05% (50mg/100ml) to be medically intoxicated and the legal age to serve in a bar or lounge is
21 years old. (Valbuena, 2014)

The Philippines ranked sixth in the countries with biggest organized problems on 2017.
There is a need of solution with this problem. With these the researcher is motivated to innovate
Kivnon: An Assistive AlCal Sensing and CEL System for the prevention of Driving Under
Influence (DUI) Cases.

The researcher propose an Alternative Alcohol Sensing and Car Engine Locking System that
measure alcohol level, displays alcohol level percentage, sounds an alarm and lock the engine of
the car if the measured alcohol level is above 0.05%. The researcher will use an alcohol sensor
MQ-3 connected to the Arduino Uno R3 Atmega328. By placing the sensor on the steering
wheel; our system has the capacity to continuously check alcohol level from the driver’s breath.
The ignition will fail to start if the sensor detects content of alcohol in the driver’s breath. In case
the driver got drunk while driving, the sensor will still detect alcohol in his breath and stop the
engine so that the car would not accelerate any further and the driver can park by the roadside.

Mice share 80% of their genes with humans, so they are an excellent model to study
alcoholism, a disease with a strong genetic component. The risk of developing alcoholism is
known to be influenced by lifestyle. Animal models allow researchers to employ methods that
are unable to use in humans. (Grahame, 2019)

A study published by Liana M. Matson and Nicholas J. Grahame entitled

“Pharmacologically relevant intake during chronic free choice drinking rhythms in selectively
breeding high alcohol preferring mice” stated that mice reach blood-alcohol levels of more than
260mg/dl of alcohol daily over three times the equivalent of human legal driving limit and the
approximate consumption level that the severest human alcoholics attain.

Several policies were implemented to reduce alcoholism cases. On January 2017, Senator
Bong Revilla, Jr. filed S.B. Number 2636 an act prohibiting the access of minors to alcohol.
Another law implemented is the Republic Act No.10586 an act penalizing persons driving under
the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, similar substances and for other purpose. (Robert,
2019)
• Goals/Expected Outcomes/ Hypotheses
Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aims to innovate Kivnon: An Assistive AlCal Sensing and CEL
System for the Prevention of Driving Under Influence (DUI) Cases.

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

a.) What is the level of accuracy and affectivity of the system in detecting different alcohol
levels?

b.)Is there a significant difference between the level of accuracy and affectivity of the system
in detecting different alcohol levels and the value verified on the laboratory?

c.) Is there a significant relationship between the level of accuracy and affectivity of the
system in detecting different alcohol levels and the value verified on the laboratory?
Statement of Hypothesis

• There is no significant difference between the level of accuracy and affectivity of the system
in detecting different alcohol levels and the value verified on the laboratory.

• There is no significant relationship between the level of accuracy and affectivity of the
system in detecting different alcohol levels and the value verified on the laboratory.
Fig.1 Flow chart of Procedures

Fig.2 Schematic Diagram of Prototype Processing

Indicating Unit

Alarm

LCD Display

Alcohol Sensor MQ-3

Ignition System

Arduino Uno R3
 Atmega328

Power Supply

• Car engine on
• Gree led indicator on

3.Alarm off

4. Red led indicator

NO

Is Alcohol level above 0.05%

Measuring the Alcohol Level of the Driver

Alcohol Detection from Drunken Driver with Engine Locking System

Fig.3 System Flow chart

• Car engine off

• Red led indicator on
• Alarm on
• Green led indicator off
C. Methodology
Collection of Materials

The materials which will be used in the study are the following: Power supply, 9 volts
battery, alcohol sensor MQ-3, ignition system unit, arduino Uno R-3, atmega 328, indicating
unit, alarm, DC motor (car engine) and Lcd display . The white mice and alcoholic beverage will
be bought in the market.
Building the System

An LCD display will be fitted inside the car to act as an indicator to the motorist together
with everyone in the vehicle. A DC motor is used as the car engine to demonstrate the concept of
engine locking. The ATmega328 microcontroller under the brand name of Arduino Uno will be
used to keep looking for the output from the alcohol sensor.
Power Supply Unit

The system is powered with a 9V battery. A 5V DC supply as required by the

microcontroller, sensor and display unit. While other components like DC motor require 1.5V
and the LEDs need 2V. The Arduino Uno board will be already designed to operate without the
use of transformer, the system will be powered with an external power supply of 7 to 12V. The
External power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery.
ATmega328 Microcontroller Unit

The proposed system is built around ATmega328 Arduino Uno microcontroller

board. The unit will consist of 14 pins which allows inflow and outflow of feeding, 6 continuous
signal with time changing quantity, 16 megahertz electronic oscillator, a Universal Serial Bus
port, a power connector, an on-board voltage regulator, ICSP header, and a reset button. The
Atmega328 has 32 KB flash memory, 2 KB SRAM and 1 KB EEPROM.
MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Unit

The sensor is made of Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer. The sensor is
configured with a high sensitivity to alcohol and small sensitivity to Benzene. It has a simple
drive circuit with fast response, stability, and long life. It has an analog interface type. On the
sensor, port pins 1, 2 and 3 represents the output, GND and VCC respectively. In datasheet, the
re commended value to be used ranges from 1oo k ohm to 470 k ohm. In this study 200 k ohm
will be used. The technical specification of the sensor is portrayed in figure 4.

Alcohol Sensor Technical Specification

Parameter Name
Sensor Type Semiconductor

Detection Gas Alcohol Gas

Concentration 0.05= 5mg/l alcohol

Voltage ±5V

Load Resistance Adjustable

Heater Resistance 31 Ω ± 3 Ω

Sensing Resistance 2K Ω- 20 K Ω (in o.5 mg/l alcohol)

Slope 200-1000ppm

Temperature 20 ± 2
Humidity
Fig.5 Alcohol Sensor Technical Specification

LCD Display Unit

LCD display is used for displaying the message sent from the remote location.
Data line and control line are connected to the microcontroller. The LCD display power rating is
as stated below:

Current (𝐼𝐷𝐷) (𝑉𝐷𝐷 = 5.0𝑣) … … … … .1.0𝑚𝐴 − 3.0𝑚𝐴 𝑚𝑎x

Range of 𝑉𝐷𝐷 − 𝑉0 … … … … … … .1.5~5.25𝑉 𝑜𝑟 5.0 ± 0.25

Alarm and Indicating Unit

The alarm unit used is a buzzer which indicates when alcohol is detected. The
buzzer used belongs to the PS series. The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ
Uni-morph piezoelectric elements and are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits.
They have very low power consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units. It has a voltage
requirement of 2V and is connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller. The standard resistor value
of 220 Ω commercially available is closest to the computed value of 250 Ω, so a 220 Ω resistor
was used to limit the current going through the LEDs.
DC Motor

The DC motor is an electric DC motor used to demonstrate the concept of engine

locking. In this study, the DC motor will be connected to pin 9 on the microcontroller, when
alcohol is detected the DC motor stops in other to indicate that alcohol is detected and continue
running when there is no alcohol detected.

System Flow chart

The flow chart of the system is shown in figure 3. The system algorithm
comprises of three main steps. First is to boot up the system, next is the measuring state, this
stage measure the amount of alcohol level from the drivers. A prescribed set limit will be given
as input to the microcontroller, once the alcohol level exceeds the limit the car will not start.

Here are the following steps:

STEP 1: Power on the system

STEP 2: checks for alcohol concentration

STEP 3: if alcohol is detected

STEP 3.1: turn off car engine

STEP 4: Else STEP

Step 5: Car engine running

STEP 6: Go to step 1

System Operation

The detected analog voltage values are read by the microcontroller; the Arduino
Uno board contains 8 channels, 10-bit device that changes an analog voltage on a pin to a digital
number. The system will link input voltages from 0-5V with values from 0-1023V to generate
5Vs for every 1024 units. The system will process the analog signal and convert it to digital
value of 0 or 1.
 Also, the analog values from the alcohol sensor will be scaled to percentage, and this
percentage is equivalent to the analog voltage values in ppm (part per million). The first
condition is the intoxication stage; the second condition is the slightly drunk stage and the last
stage is drunkenness stage.

Alarm unit

The alarm unit used a buzzer to produce sound whenever alcohol is detected. The purpose
of the buzzer was to create awareness to passengers whenever alcohol is detected.
Engine locking unit

The engine locking unit was built by the concept of using a DC motor to demonstrate as
the car engine. The DC motor operate based on preset conditions; once the alcohol level goes
above 50% the engine motor stops. The engine motor continues to run when the alcohol level
goes below 49%. The DC motor is connected to pin 9 on the microcontroller and it operate from
1.5V TO 6V.
Alcohol checking stage

In this stage, when the car is switched on the system measures the level of alcohol from
the driver breath to check whether the driver is intoxicated, slightly drunk and whether if he is
extremely drunk. Based on this, the microcontroller only locks the engine when the level exceeds
50% in which case car engine stops so that the driver can manage to stare the car to the road side.
Alcohol Detection Unit

The alcohol sensor unit has four pins; test pin, vcc, dout and ground. The test pin is used
to accept logic signals of 0 or 1 by using logic state pin as shown in figure 12. The LED is used
to show when the sensor detect alcohol. in the simulation, when the logic state is 1 the led goes
on to indicate that alcohol is present and off to show the absence of alcohol.
Testing the Robot

The white mice will drink the alcohol. It will be then placed beside the alternative alcohol
sensing and car engine locking system. The system will display the alcohol level of mice on LCD
display, sound an alarm and lock the engine of the car if the alcohol level sensed is above 0.05%.
Gathering and Analysis of Data

The parameters which will be observed and gathered in the study are the detection limit
and response time of the system. According to Hossam Haick, professor of chemical engineering
and nanotechnology, detection limit is defined as the lowest concentration value that can be
detected by the sensor while the response time is defined as the response from zero concentration
to a step change in concentration.
 9V Battery ₱180

Alcohol Sensor MQ-3 ₱221

Ignition System Unit ₱300

Arduino Uno R-3 Atmega 328 ₱1000

Indicating Unit ₱200

Alcoholic Beverage ₱150

DC motor ₱200

LCD display ₱199

D. Estimated Cost

Total ₱2751

Fig 6. Table of Estimated Cost

• References
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Calvin, M. (2015).Benefits of using Robots. Retrieved July 10, 2019 from
http://www.robots.com/articles/benefits-of-using-robot
Grahame, I. (2019). Alcohol Mice Live to Drink. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from
https://www.futurity.org/ alcohol-mice-live-to-drink
Jones, R. (2017).Problems Caused by Drinking Alcohol. Retrieved July 10, 2019, from
https://www.alcohol.org.nz/alcohol-its-efefcts/problem-effects/alcohol-related-problems
Karleus, L. (2016). Driving Under Influence in the Philippines. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
from https://www.lawphil.net/driving-under-influence-in-the-Philippines
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https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-facts-and-statistics
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https://robert.org/alcohol-health/alchol-policy
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Tornema, B. (2016). Harms on Alcohol Drinking. Retrieved July 10, 2019, from
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Valbuena, M. (2014).Family Income and Expenditure Survey. Retrieves September 20, 2019,
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