Topik 1:MIKROORGANISMA DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP HIDUPAN

Bahagian : A

1 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the growth of bacteria. Three test tubes containing nutrient
broth and bacteria culture are placed under different light intensity.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen bagi mengkaji pertumbuhan bakteria. Tiga tabung uji
mengandungi bubur nutrien dan kultur bakteria diletakkan di bawah keamatan cahaya berlainan.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Table 1 shows the result of the experiment after two days.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen selepas dua hari.

Test tube Cloudiness of the nutrient broth

Tabung uji Kekeruhan bubur nutrient
Very cloudy
P
Sangat keruh
Slightly cloudy
Q
Kurang keruh
No change
R
Tiada perubahan
Table 1
Jadual 1

(a) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
(b) State the variables in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

(i) Manipulated variable.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Responding variable.

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
[2 markah]

(c) Based on Table 1, what is the best condition for the growth of bacteria?
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, apakah keadaan yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan bakteria?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for the growth of bacteria.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan bakteria.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
2 Table 2 shows the result of an experiment to study the growth of mucor on a bread.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan mukor di atas
sekeping roti.
The experiment is carried out for five days at 37ºC.
Eksperimen itu dijalankan selama lima hari pada suhu 37ºC.

Time/Day Number of mucor colonies

Masa/Hari Bilangan koloni mukor
0 0
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 6
5 6
Table 2
Jadual 2

(a) State one hypothesis that can be made for this experiment.
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh dibuat untuk eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(b) Using data in Table 2, draw a graph of the number of mucor colonies against time.
Dengan menggunakan data dalam Jadual 2, lukis graf bilangan koloni mukor melawan masa.
 The number of mucor colonies
Bilangan koloni mukor

Time/Day
0 5 Masa/Hari
1 2 3 4 6
[ 2 marks ]
[2 markah]

(c) What is the relationship between the number of mucor colonies and time?
Apakah hubungan antara bilangan koloni mukor dengan masa.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(d) Predict the number of colonies mucor produced on the 6 th day.

Ramalkan bilangan koloni mukor yang terhasil pada hari ke-6.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
3 Diagram 2.1 shows an experiment to study the growth of mucor on a moist bread.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan mukor di atas sekeping roti
lembap.

Moist bread
Moist bread Plastic bag Roti lembap Plastic bag
Roti lembap Beg plastik Beg plastik

Tompok
-tompok kuning
Koloni mukor
Beginning of experiment Diagram 2.1 Final experiment
Awal ekperimen Rajah 2.1 Akhir eksperimen

Diagram 2.2 shows the graph of the number of yellow spots after a few days.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan graf bilangan tompok-tompok kuning selepas beberapa hari.

Number of yellow spots

Bilangan
Number oftompok
mucorkuning
colonies
Bilangan koloni mukor

Time/Day
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Masa/Hari

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2.
(a) Based on Diagram 2.1, state the hypothesis of the experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(b) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

(i) Manipulated variable.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Responding variable.

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
[2 markah]

(c) Based on Diagram 2.2, what is the relationship between the number of yellow spots and time?
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, apakah hubungan antara bilangan koloni tompok kuning dengan
masa?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for the growth of mucor.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan mukor.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
4 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the effect of yeast on the height of dough. The height of
dough are recorded every 20 minutes for 2 hours.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan yis ke atas ketinggian doh.
Ketinggian doh direkodkan setiap 20 minit selama 2 jam.

Dough
Doh

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

The result of this experiment is recorded in Table 3.

Keputusan eksperimen ini direkodkan dalam Jadual 3.

Times ( minute )
Masa (minit ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Height of dough ( cm )
Ketinggian doh ( cm ) 2.0 3.6 4.7 ………. 4.9 5.0 5.0

Table 3
Jadual 3
 (a) (i) Based on Table 3, draw a graph of the height of dough against time.
Berdasarkan Jadual 3 ,lukiskan graf ketinggian doh melawan masa.

Height of dough / cm
Ketinggian doh /cm

5.0

4.0
00

3.0

2.0

1.0

Time/min
Masa/min

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

[ 2 marks ]
[2 markah]

(ii) Based on the graph, state the height of dough on the 60th minutes.
Berdasarkan graf nyatakan ketinggian doh pada minit ke-60.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
 (b) What is the relationship between the height of dough in the first 80 minutes ?
Apakah hubungan di antara ketinggian doh dengan masa dalam 80 minit pertama?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
(c) Predict the height of the dough on the 140 th minutes.
Ramalkan ketinggian doh pada minit yang ke-140.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

5 Diagram 4.1 dan 4.2 show an experiment to study the effect of yeast on the dough.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen mengkaji kesan yis terhadap adunan roti.

After 1 hour
Selepas 1 jam

Dough
Adunan roti

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

After 1 hour
Selepas 1 jam

A B
Dough + Yeast
Adunan roti + Yis

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(a) Based on Diagram 4.2, state one observation from the result of the experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2, nyatakan satu pemerhatian dari keputusan eksperimen.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(b) Based on the observation in 5(a), state one inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam 5(a), nyatakan satu inferens.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(c) Measure diameter of the dough between A and B at Diagram 4.2.

Ukur diameter adunan roti antara A dan B pada Rajah 4.2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(d) State one constant variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(e) Tick ( √ ) in the box for the class of yeast.

Tandakan ( √ ) pada kotak untuk kelas bagi yis.

Bacteria Fungi Protozoa

Bakteria Kulat Protozoa

[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
6 A student conducted an experiment to study the effect of penicillin concentration on bacterial growth.
The diameter of the clear area formed around the penicillin is measured for 5 days.
Table 4 shows the result of this experiment.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan penisilin terhadap
pertumbuhan bakteria.
Diameter kawasan jernih yang terbentuk di sekeliling penisilin diukur selama 5 hari.
Jadual 4 menujukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut

Diameter of clear area formed around

Time/day Diameter kawasan jernih yang terbentuk disekeliling
Masa/hari Penicillin A/cm Penicillin B/cm
Penisilin A/cm Penisilin B/cm
0 0.0 0.0
1 0.8 1.3
2 1.4 2.1
3 1.8 2.7
4 2.0 3.1
5 2.1 3.4
Table 4
Jadual 4

(a) Based on Table 4, draw the graph of diameter of clear area formed around penicillin A and B
against time.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf diameter kawasan jernih yang terbentuk di sekeliling
penisilin A dan B melawan masa.
Diameter of clear area formed around penicillin/cm
Diameter kawasan jernih yang terbentuk di sekeliling penisilin/cm

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 Time/ day
Masa/hari

[ 3 marks ]
[3 markah]

(b) Based on the graph in 6(a), state the relationship between the diameter of clear area formed
around penicillin A and time.
Berdasarkan graf dalam 6(a), nyatakan hubungan antara diameter kawasan jernih yang
terbentuk di sekeliling penisilin A dengan masa.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]

(c) Predict which penicillin has a higher concentration.

Ramalkan penisilin yang manakah mempunyai kepekatan lebih tinggi.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
7 Diagram 5 shows an experiment to study the effect of antibiotic on bacterial growth.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan antibiotik ke atas pertumbuhan
bakteria.

Nutrient broth Nutrient broth

Bubur nutrien Bubur nutrien
+ +
Bacteria culture Bacteria culture
Kultur bakteria Kultur bakteria
+
Antibiotic
Antibiotik

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

After two days, the condition of each test tube is observed.

Table 3 shows the result of the experiment.
Selepas dua hari, keadaan campuran dalam setiap tabung uji diperhatikan.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

Test tube Cloudiness of mixture

Tabung uji Kekeruhan campuran
Clear
P
Jernih
Cloudy
Q
Keruh
Table 5
Jadual 5

(a) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.
(i) Manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Constant variable:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
 (b) State the inference that can be made based on the observation in test tube P.
Nyatakan inferens yang dapat dibuat berdasarkan pemerhatian pada tabung uji P.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for antibiotic.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi antibiotik.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

8 Diagram 6 shows the result of an experiment to study the effect of antibiotic on bacterial growth.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan antibiotik terhadap
pertumbuhan bakteria.

Nutrient agar with colonies of bacteria

Agar nutrien bersama koloni bakteria

Clear area
Kawasan jernih

Petri dish
Filter paper disc soaked in Piring petri
distilled water Filter paper disc soaked in
Cakera kertas turas yang penicillin solution
direndam di dalam air suling Cakera kertas turas yang
direndam dalam larutan
penisilin
 Diagram 6
Rajah 6

(a) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………...........................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

(i) Manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Responding variable

Pembolehubah bergerak balas

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) State one inference for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inferens bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Penicillin is an example of antibiotic. Based on the results of this experiment, state the
operational definition of antibiotic.
Penisilin adalah contoh antibiotik. Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan
definisi secara operasi bagi antibiotik.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
9 Diagram 7 shows an experiment conducted by a group of students to determine the effects of
streptomycin on the growth of bacteria.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid untuk
mengenalpasti kesan streptomisin ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria.

Nutrien agar
Agar nutrien
+
Bacteria culture
Petri dish Kultur bakteria
Piring Petri

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

Three discs of streptomycin S1, S2 and S3 with different concentration placed on nutrient agar
surface. The Petri dish was incubated at a temperature of 37 °C. After two days, a clear area is
formed around each disc. The diameter of the clear area is measured and recorded in the Table 6.

Tiga cakera streptomisin S1, S2 dan S3 dengan kepekatan yang berlainan diletakkan di atas
permukaan agar-agar bernutrien. Piring petri itu dieramkan pada suhu 37 0C. Selepas dua hari,
satu kawasan jernih terbentuk di sekeliling setiap cakera. Diameter kawasan jernih diukur dan
dicatat seperti dalam Jadual 6.

Streptomycin disc
S1 S2 S3
Cakera streptomisin

Diameter of clear area/cm

1.4 2.5 2.0
Diameter kawasan jernih/cm

Table 6
Jadual 6

(a) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………......................
 .
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) State the constant variable in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………......................
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) State one inference from this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inferens daripada eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………......................
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Mark () in the boxes provided which group of microorganism can be killed by the
streptomycin.
Tandakan () pada kotak yang disediakan bagi kumpulan mikroorganisma yang dapat
dibunuh oleh streptomisin.

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(e) Streptomycin is an antibiotic. Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for
antibiotic.
Streptomisin ialah sejenis antibiotik. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara
operasi bagi antibiotik.
 ………………………………………………………………………………….................

………………………………………………………………………………….................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

BAHAGIAN B: MIKROORGANISMA DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP HIDUPAN

1 Diagram 1 shows virus X.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan virus X .

P:

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i) Name virus X.
Namakan virus X.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Label structure P in the box provided in Diagram 1.

Labelkan struktur P dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam Rajah .

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) State one characteristic which classified virus X as

Nyatakan satu sifat yang mengelas virus X sebagai

(i) living thing.

benda hidup.

…………………………………………………………………………………
 (ii) non-living thing.
bukan benda hidup.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) State the habitat for virus X

Nyatakan habitat bagi virus X.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Name one disease caused by this class of microorganism.

Namakan satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kelas mikroorganisma ini.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

2 Diagram 2 shows the life cycle of a mosquito

Rajah 2 menunjukkan kitaran hidup bagi seekor nyamuk.

S:

T :

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) Name the stages S and T in the Diagram 2 by using terms
given in the box.
Namakan peringkat S dan T dalam Rajah 2, menggunakan istilah-istilah dalam kotak
berikut:.

Imago Egg Larva Pupa

Dewasa Telur Larva Pupa
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
 (b) State one method of controlling the population of the mosquito in stage R
Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengawal populasi nyamuk pada peringkat R.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
[1 mark]
[1markah]

(c) Name one type of disease caused by the mosquito in Stage S?

Namakan satu jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk pada Peringkat S?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
[1markah]

(d) Explain how the mosquito spread the disease in 2(c)?

Terangkan bagaimana nyamuk tersebut boleh menyebarkan penyakit di 2c?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

3 Diagram 3 shows the concentration changes of antibodies in the blood after a student was
injected by substance X.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah selepas seorang pelajar
disuntik dengan bahan X.

Antibodies concentration in blood

Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah

Immunity level
Aras keimunan

Secodn injection
Suntikan kedua

Time/week
Masa/minggu
First injection
Suntikan pertama
Diagram 3
 Rajah 3

(a) (i) What is substance X?

Apakah bahan X?

…………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) What are the contents in substance X?

Apakah kandungan dalam bahan X?

………………………………………………………………………………………
………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) Mark (√) in the box provided the blood component which produces antibodies.
Tandakan (√) pada kotak yang disediakan komponen darah yang menghasilkan antibodi
.

White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells

Sel darah putih Platlet Sel darah merah

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) Why does the student need the second injection?
Mengapakah pelajar itu memerlukan suntikan kedua?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Name the type of immunity acquired by the student.

Namakan jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh pelajar itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(e) Right after birth, all babies are injected with BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine.
Name the disease that can be protected by this vaccine injection.
Selepas kelahiran, semua bayi akan disuntik dengan vaksin BCG (Bacillus Calmette-
Guerin). Namakan penyakit yang dapat dicegah oleh suntikan vaksin tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
4 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show the changes in antibody concentration in blood after two youths
were injected.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah selepas dua orang
pemuda menerima suntikan.
Type of immunity
Jenis keimunan

Level of antibodies in the blood

Paras antibodi dalam darah

(i)…………………………..
Level of immunity
Aras keimunan …………………………..

Diagram 7.1
Ra Time/week
Masa /minggu
First injection
Suntikan pertama
Second injection
Suntikan kedua

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

Level of antibodies in the blood

Paras antibodi dalam darah

Level of immunity
Aras keimunan
(ii)………………………….

Time/week …………………………..
Aras keimunan
Masa/minggu
Masa /minggu

First injection Second injection

Suntikan pertama Suntikan kedua

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(a) Name the type of immunity in the space provided in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 using the
following information.
Namakan jenis keimunan dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2
menggunakan maklumat berikut.

Artificial active immunity Natural passive immunity

Keimunan aktif buatan Keimunan pasif semula jadi

Artificial passive immunity Natural active immunity

Keimunan pasif buatan Keimunan aktif semula jadi

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) Based on Diagram 4.2,

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.2,
(i) Mark (√) the substance injected into the youth’s body.
Tandakan (√) bahan yang disuntik ke dalam badan pemuda tersebut.

Antibiotic Vaccine Antiserum

Antibiotik Vaksin Antiserum

(ii) What is the content in the substance based on the answer in 4(b)(i)?
Apakah yang terkandung dalam bahan berdasarkan jawapan di 4(b)(i)?

…………………………………………………………………………………............
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) State the function of antibodies in the youth’s blood.

Nyatakan fungsi antibodi dalam darah pemuda tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………….......................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(d) Based on Diagram 4.1, why does the youth needs a second injection?
Berdasar Rajah 4.1, mengapakah pemuda itu memerlukan suntikan kedua?

…………………………………………………………………………………......................
[1 mark]
[ 1markah]
BAHAGIAN C:SOALAN 10: MENGEKSPERIMEN
1 Diagram 1 shows two bread prepared by a chef.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua adunan roti yang disediakan oleh seorang chef.

Bread dough
Adunan roti

Bread dough + Yeast

Adunan roti + Yis

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

After one hour, the size of both bread doughs are observed. The size of the bread dough mixed with
yeast is bigger than the bread dough without yeast.
Selepas satu jam, saiz kedua-dua adunan roti diperhatikan. Saiz adunan roti yang dicampur dengan yis
lebih besar berbanding dengan adunan roti tanpa yis.

(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above situation.

Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat situasi di atas.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Based on the situation given , suggest an experiment to investigate yeast influenced the
fermentation process.
You are given a yeast culture, lime water solution, conical flask, test tube, delivery tube and
other apparatus.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan, cadangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat yis
mempengaruhi proses penapaian . Anda dibekalkan dengan satu kultur yis, larutan glukosa,
larutan air kapur, tabung uji, tiub penghantar dan radas lain.

Your description should include the following criteria:

Huraian anda harus mengandungi kriteria berikut:

(i) Aim of experiment [1 mark]

Tujuan eksperimen [1 markah]

(ii) Identification of variables [2 marks]

Mengenal pasti pembolehubah [2 markah]

(iii) List of apparatus and materials [1 mark]

 Senarai radas dan bahan [1 markah]

(iv) Procedure or method [4 marks]

Prosedur atau kaedah [4 markah]

(v) Tabulation of data [1 mark]

Penjadualan data [1 markah]

2 Study the following situation.

Kaji situasi berikut.

Condition of a patient before treatment Condition of a patient after treatment with

Keadaan pesakit sebelum rawatan streptomycin
Keadaan pesakit selepas rawatan dengan
streptomisin
• Coughing continuously • No coughing
Batuk berpanjangan Tidak batuk

Situation R
Situasi R

Condition of a patient before treatment Condition of a patient after treatment with

Keadaan pesakit sebelum rawatan ordinary cough mixture
Keadaan pesakit selepas rawatan dengan ubat
batuk biasa

• Coughing continuously • Coughing continuously

Batuk berpanjangan Batuk berpanjangan

Situation S
Situasi S

(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above situation.

Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat situasi di atas.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Based on the given information in situation R and S, suggest an experiment to investigate the
effect of antibiotic on the growth of bacteria using two sterile Petri dishes, sterile nutrient agar,
two filter paper discs, streptomycin solution, distilled water and other substance.

Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dalam situasi R dan S, cadangkan satu eksperimen untuk
menyiasat kesan antibiotik ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria menggunakan dua piring Petri steril,
 agar-agar nutrien steril, dua ceper kertas turas, larutan streptomisin, air suling dan bahan lain.

Your description should include the following criteria:

Huraian anda harus mengandungi kriteria berikut:

(i) Aim of experiment [1 mark]

Tujuan eksperimen [1 markah]

(ii) Identification of variables [2 marks]

Mengenal pasti pembolehubah [2 markah]

(iii) List of apparatus and materials [1 mark]

Senarai radas dan bahan [1 markah]

(iv) Procedure or method [4 marks]

Prosedur atau kaedah [4 markah]

(v) Tabulation of data [1 mark]

Penjadualan data [1 markah]

3 Study the following statement.

Kaji pernyataan berikut.

Two white mice are infected with a disease caused by bacteria. Both mice are treated with different
concentration of antibiotic. After a week, the white mouse which was treated with higher antibiotic
concentration recovered faster compared to the white mouse which was treated with lower
antibiotic concentration.

Dua ekor tikus putih telah dijangkiti dengan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteria. Kedua-
dua tikus putih dirawat dengan kepekatan antibiotik yang berbeza. Selepas seminggu, tikus putih
yang dirawat dengan antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi, sembuh lebih cepat berbanding tikus putih
yang dirawat dengan antibiotik berkepekatan rendah

(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement [1 mark]

Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat situasi di atas [1 markah]

(b) Using two sterile petri dishes, sterile nutrient agar, antibiotic disc of high concentration,
antibiotic disc of low concentration and other material, describe one experiment to test the
hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria:

Menggunakan dua piring petri steril, agar nutrien steril, cakera antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi,
 cakera antibiotik berkepekatan rendah dan bahan lain, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk
menguji hipotesis di 10(a) berdasarkan kriteria berikut:

(i) Aim of experiment [1 mark]

Tujuan eksperimen [1 markah]

(ii) Identification of variables [2 marks]

Mengenal pasti pembolehubah [2 markah]

(iii) List of apparatus and materials [1 mark]

Senarai radas dan bahan [1 markah]

(iv) Procedure or method [4 marks]

Prosedur atau kaedah [4 markah]

(v) Tabulation of data [1 mark]

Penjadualan data [1 markah]

BAHAGIAN C: SOALAN 11 & 12

1 (a) State four differences between bacteria and virus.
Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara bakteria dan virus.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(b) A medical officer wants to sterilise scissors, forceps and a knife which will be used
during operation.
Explain three methods to sterilise the medical equipments.
Choose the best method and give your reason to support your answer.
Seorang pegawai perubatan ingin mensteril gunting, forsep dan pisau yang akan
digunakan semasa pembedahan.
Terangkan tiga kaedah mensteril alatan perubatan tersebut.
Pilih satu kaedah terbaik dan beri alasan untuk menyokong jawapan anda.

[6 marks]
[6 markah]
2 (a) Explain four surrounding factors that influence bacteria activities.
Terangkan empat faktor persekitaran yang mempengaruhi aktiviti bakteria.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(b) You are given two microorganisms as shown in Diagram 1.

Anda diberi dua mikroorganisma seperti dalam Rajah 1

Amoeba Paramecium
Ameba Paramesium

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Study the information on Diagram 1 and construct then concept of protozoa.

Your answer should be based on the following aspects:
Kaji maklumat dalam Rajah 1 dan bina konsep bagi protozoa.
Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Write down the information from Diagram 1

Tulis maklumat darpada Rajah 1
(ii) Identify two common characteristics
Mengenal pasti tiga ciri sepunya
(iii) Give another one example of protozoa
Berikan satu contoh lain protozoa
(iv) Give one example of non-protozoa
Beri satu contoh bukan protozoa
(v) Relate the common characteristic to construct the actual concept of protozoa
Hubung kait ciri-ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar bagi protozoa
[6 marks]
[6 markah]