1. Chloroplasts = Solar Power Plant.

 Since the function of chloroplasts in a plant cell are to

perform photosynthesis by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide and create energy for the cell, a
solar power plant would be a very close approximation of this cell's functionality.Chloroplasts

Solar Power Plant

2. Vacuole = City Food Bank. The function of a vacuole in both plants and

animal cells are to store energy for the cell and release energy when the cell needs it. A close
analogy of this would be the city food bank, which stores food for anyone in the city who needs
it and distributes it to anyone who needs food.Vacuole

City Food Bank

3. Endoplasmic recticulum = Road network. The endoplasmic recticulum is a

complex membrane-based network of sac-like structures held together in the cytoplasm which
transport molecules and particles throughout the cell using “truck-like” carriers called Goigi
apparatuses. The best analogy for this would be the road network, which transports motor
vehicles and humans around the town.Endoplasmic recticulum

Road network

4. Goigi apparatuses = Trucks. Goigi apparatuses are small “truck-like” carriers

which move particles and molecules for the cell, acting as transportation for the cell in the
endoplasmic recticulum. Trucks are an excellent example of this in real life as trucks move
materials and goods around the town and provide the medium for input and output to the cell
(sending goods out and in and out of the cell).Goigi apparatuses

Trucks

5. Chromosomes = Law book. Chromosomes are genetic instructions

embedded in DNA that regulate the cell's growth and procedures and dictate the functionality
of the cell. The law book and common law (also known as bylaws) dictate what is permitted in
the cell and what is not permitted in the cell.
Chromosomes

Law book

6. Nucleolus = Mayor's office. The nucleolus controls the executive activity

within the nucleus of the cell and contains the chromosomes and the DNA of the cell. This can
be compared to the mayor of the city who controls and has the power to veto the rest of the
politicians and executives in the City Hall.
Nucleolus

Mayor's office

7. Nucleus = City Hall. The nucleus controls the cell activities and contains the
nucleolus and the DNA which dictates cell activities and provides regulations to the cell. This is
functionally equivalent to the City Hall which is responsible for execution of the law (law book,
chromosomes).
Nucleus

City Hall

8. Mitochondria = Coal Power Plant. The mitochondria are responsible for

combining sugars and oxygen particles to form energy through a process called ATP. ATP
provides energy to the cell which is either used up on the spot or stored in the vacuole for later
use. This can be functionally equal to a coal power plant which utilizes coal (sugar) and oxygen
(oxygen) to provide energy to the city. Both mitochondria and coal power plants produce heat in
the process.
Mitochondria

Coal Power Plant

9. Ribosomes = Boxes of bricks. Ribosomes are one of the major particle

groups that are transported on goigi apparatuses which in turn are transported around the cell
with the endoplasmic reticulum, which are one of the major building blocks of the city. This can
be compared to boxes which are groups of bricks are are the major building blocks of the city.
Ribosomes

Boxes of bricks

10. Cell membrane = Border control. The cell membrane controls all input-
output interactions of the cell and dictates what particles may enter and what particles may exit
through a process called selective permeability. This can be compared to border control officials
which dictate which people are authorized to enter or exit the city.
Cell membrane

Border control

11. Cell wall = Political city boundary. The cell wall provides the city with a
solid framework that holds the cell together and defines what part of the cell is inside and what
part is outside. Surrounds the cell membrane and holds it together. This can be compared to the
political city boundary which surround border control officials and hold the "city" together.
Cell wall

Political city boundary

12. Lysosomes = Recycling center/Landfill. The lysomes in the cells destroy

worn out part of the cell, dispose of cell wastes and when the cell itself is tired enough it will
destory the whole cell. This can be compared to a landfill which disposes of the city's waste or a
recycling center which recycles the city's waste.
Lysosomes

Recycling center

13. Cytoplasm = Open land. The cytoplasm is a watery liquid that surrounds the
cell. It can be compared open spaces in the city which haven't been developed yet.
Cytoplasm
 Open land

14. Vesicles = Local food banks. Vesicles, just like their larger counterpart
vacuole, store energy and liquids for use by the cell when needed. Vesicles function identically
to the vacuole with the exception that there are more than one of them in a cell and that they
store less energy than the vesicles.
Vesicles

Local food banks

2. Organelles - Special structures in a cell that perform various functions in a cell

3. Mitochondria - One of the organelles in a cell that provide the cell with energy through a process called
respiration
4. Ribosomes - Another organelle in the cell that handles the building of proteins to build and repair the cell
5. Endoplasmic reticulum - A series of folded membranes carries materials through the cytoplasm
6. Golgi apparatus - Protein in the cell that carry other materials around in the endoplasmic reticulum
7. Lysosmes - Organelles that patrol the cytoplasm cleaning up any waste in the cell
8. Endocytosis - The process in which a cell moves large amounts of material from its cytoplasm from the
outside environment
9. Phagocytosis - The process in which a cell performs endocytosis using pseudopods (long finger-like
projections of the cell membrane)
10. Exocytosis - The process in which large amounts of material are removed from the cytoplasm into the
outside environment
11. Unicellular organism - Organisms which only have one cell
12. Multicellular organism - Organisms which have more than one cell
13. Cellular differentiation - The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function
14. Osmosis - The process in which water is moved in and out of the organism to keep control of the solutes in
the cell
15. Cell - The most basic unit of life
16. Tissue - A group of cells
17. Organ - A structure made with a combination of tissues that serve a specific function in organism
18. Organism - A living biological system that is composed of various organs which co-operate with each other
and are capable of responding to their environment and adapt, grow, use energy and reproduce