Cable:

 ETAP Cable library is built with typical Positive Sequence Reactance (X) and Positive
Sequence Resistance (R) values from either AS3008.1.1:2017 or the Olex Catalogue.
 Zero Sequence Reactance and Zero Sequence Resistance values were calculated following
ETAP’s guidelines presented in Appendix A.
 The current carrying capacity is taken from AS3008.1.1:2017 considering a single circuit only
with 40˚C ambient temperature and 25˚C ambient soil temperature with no additional
derating factor.
 When cable installation information is unavailable, worse case installation has been
considered.

Switchboards:
 In the calculation of maximum and minimum fault current, the impedance of the buses and
terminals is neglected.

Protective devices:
 For LV switchgear where peak short circuit capacity is not available, it is assumed as per
AS/NZS 61439 Table 7.

Maximum and Minimum Calculations

The IEC 60909 maximum and minimum short-circuit currents were calculated, based on the
following generalizations:

 The type of the short-circuit involved will remain the same for the duration of the short-
circuit. That is, a three-phase short circuit will remain as a three-phase fault or a line-to-
earth short circuit will remain a line-to-earth fault;

 Network conditions will remain unchanged for the duration of the short-circuit;

 Impedance of the transformers is referred to the tap-changer in nominal position;

 Arc resistances are not accounted for;

 Line capacitances, shunt admittances, and non-rotating loads are ignored.

While these simplifications are not strictly correct for power systems, the calculations will provide
results of acceptable accuracy.

Scenario 1 – Maximum short-circuit currents

The following conditions are applied when calculating minimum short-circuit currents.

 Maximum voltage factor Cmax is used to calculate the short-circuit currents;

 All motor contributions are considered;

  When the external networks are represented by equivalent impedances ZQ, the minimum
equivalent short-circuit impedance is applied which would result in the maximum short-
circuit current from the network feeders;

 The resistance of the lines/cables are taken at a temperature of 20˚C;

Scenario 2 – Minimum short circuit currents:

The following conditions are applied when calculating the maximum short-circuit currents:

 Minimum voltage factor Cmin is used for calculating the short-circuit currents;

 All motor contributions are neglected;

 When the external networks are represented by equivalent impedances ZQ, the maximum
equivalent short-circuit impedance is applied which would result in the minimum short-
circuit current from the network feeders;

 The resistances RL for the cables and the overhead lines are increased to 1.5 times their
resistance at 20˚C;