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T10 Complete PDF
T10 Complete PDF
1. Introduction
Empirical design based on the AASHO road test:
• Over 200 test sections JPCP (15’ spacing) and JRPC (40’ spacing)
• Range of slab thickness: 2.5 to 12.5 inches
• Subbase type: untreated gravel/sand with plastic fines
AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design • Subbase thickness; 0 to 9 inches
• Subgrade soil: silty-clay (A-6)
• Monitored PSI w/ load applications – developed regression eqn’s
• Number of load applications: 1,114,000
Dr. Christos Drakos
University of Florida
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
2. General Design Variables 3.1.1 Pavement Without Subbase
• Design Period If there is no Subbase, AASHTO suggests:
• Traffic – what changes? (EALF Table 6.7) • Correlation based on 30-in plate-load tests
• Reliability MR
k= • k value becomes too high because k=fnc(1/a)
– Based on functional classification 18.8 • More accurate k if plate test was run w/ bigger plates;
– Overall standard deviation (S0=0.25 – 0.35) too expensive & impractical
• Performance criteria
– ∆PSI = PSI0 – PSIt
3. Material Properties 3.1.2 Pavement With Subbase
3.1 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k)
PCC If subbase exists, need to
Need to convert subgrade MR to k: determine the composite modulus
SUBBASE
1. Without Subbase of subgrade reaction (k)
k
2. With Subbase SUBGRADE
3. Shallow bedrock
BEDROCK
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.2 Pavement With Subbase (cont.) 3.1.3 Rigid Foundation @ Shallow Depth
If bedrock is within
Example:
10ft, it will confine the
Subbase thickness=10”
Subbase modulus=30,000 psi material (subgrade)
Subgrade MR=10,000 psi and will produce a
Figure 12.19 higher k.
Example:
To get k: Rigid depth=5’
Cut across the ESB
Cut across MR to the TL From prev. page:
Vertically meet other line Subgrade MR=10,000 psi
Read k-value k∞ = 600 pci
k=600pci k = 800pci
Figure 12.18
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.4 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Keff
3.1.5 Keff Example
Figure 12.18 Figure 12.19
Equivalent modulus that would result in the same damage if Subgrade Rigid
seasonal variations were taken into account (similar to flexible Modulus, MR Subbase Composite k- Foundation, Relative
Month (psi) Modulus, ESB (psi) value, k∞ (pci) k (pci) Damage, ur
design) Jan 12,000 30,000 700 - 31.84
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.5 Keff Example (cont.) 3.1.6 Loss of Support (LS)
• Reduction of keff by a factor LS to account for erosion and/or
_
ur =
∑ ur =
444.41
= 37.03 differential soil movement
n 12 • Best case scenario, LS=0 (Slab is in full contact with subbase)
D = 8in
kactual = 170pci
keff = 540pci
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.7 Table for Estimating Keff 3.2 Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
GRANULAR > 10’ *
6” 9
Elastic Modulus of Concrete (Ec):
0.5 • Correlated with compressive strength
(*) IF<10’ THEN FILL IN (5)
Ec = 57,000 f c'
Modulus of Rupture (S’c):
Fig. 12.18 Fig. 12.19 EQUATION
• Third-point loading @ 28 days
20,000 100,000 1,300 37
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
4.2 Nomograph 4.2 Nomograph
Ec=5E6
D=9.8”
J=3.3
Cd=1.0
74
S0=0.3
R=95%
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
4.3 Equation 5. Other Design Features
W18 := 5000000 ZR := −1.645 S0 := 0.3 ∆PSI := 1.7 k := 70 5.1 Slab Length What does this (length) depend on?
Sc := 650 J := 3.3 Cd := 1.0 pt := 2.8 Ec := 5000000 5.1.1 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)
D := 4.5 • Governed by joint opening
Given δ = C ⋅ L (α t ⋅ ∆T + ε )
log⎜
⎛ ∆PSI ⎞
⎡ Sc ⋅ Cd ⋅ ( D0.75 − 1.132) ⎤
Where:
⎝ 4.5 − 1.5 ⎠
log( W18) ( ZR ⋅ S0) + 7.35 ⋅ log( D + 1) − 0.06 + + ( 4.22 − 0.32 ⋅ pt) ⋅ log⎢ ⎥ δ = Joint opening δ
1.624 ⋅ 107 ⎢ 215.63 ⋅ J ⋅ ⎡ D0.75 − 18.42 ⎤ ⎥
1+ ⎢ ⎢ 0.25 ⎥ ⎥ αt = Coefficient of thermal contraction Remember (?):
( D + 1)
8.46
⎢ ⎛ Ec ⎞
⎥⎥
⎢
⎣ ⎣
⎜
⎝ k ⎠ ⎦⎦
ε = Drying shrinkage coefficient If δ≥ 0.05” then USE dowels
L = Slab length
Find( D) = 9.9
C = adjustment factor for subgrade friction
For NO dowels, determine L for δ=0.05”
∆L 0.05
L= = = 179"
C(α t × ∆T + ε) 0.65(5.5 × 10 −6 × 60 + 1.0 × 10 − 4 )
L ≅ 15ft
IF SLAB > 15 ft Æ USE DOWELS
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5.1.2 Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRPC) 5.1.3 JRCP Reinforcement
• Always doweled If (when) concrete cracks, steel picks up stress
fa γ cLh Where:
Remember (?): As =
2fs As = Area of required steel per unit width
δ ≤ 0.25” to LIMIT bearing stress
fs = Allowable stress in steel
fa = Average friction coefficient between slab and foundation
Use same typical values from before: δ
∆L 0.25 Example
L= = = 894 40”
(
C(α t × ∆T + ε ) 0.65 5.5 × 10 −6 × 60 + 1.0 × 10 − 4 ) Longitudinal:
0.0868 × 480 ×10 × 1.5 in 2
As = = 0.00727 ⋅
L ≅ 75ft Lengths typically between 30’-100’ 24”
tie bars
2 × 43000 in
in2
A s = 0.0872 ⋅
Guideline ft
γc = 0.0868 pci
Table 4.3 select
≈40’ slab length has been found to be OPTIMAL for JRCP h = 10 in Transverse: welded wire fabric
fa = 1.5
in2
fs = 43,000 A s = 0.0523 ⋅
ft
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5.1.3 JRCP Reinforcement (cont) 5. Design Example
Longitudinal: Given the following information:
in2
A s = 0.0872 ⋅ Roadbed soil MR:
ft • 20,000 psi (December – January)
Transverse: • 8,000 psi (February – March)
in 2 • 15,000 psi (April – November)
A s = 0.0523 ⋅
ft Subbase Information:
• Loss of Support =0.5
Select: • Friction factor =1.5
• Thickness =6 inches
6x12 – W4.5 x W5.5
• Elastic Modulus =100,000 psi
Design Factors:
• Design Reliability, R =90%
• Overall Standard Deviation, S0 =0.40
• ∆PSI =1.5
• Traffic =37.9 million ESAL
• Drainage coefficient =1.0
• Shoulders =10-ft wide PCC
• Temperature drop =55 oF
Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 – AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5. Design Example (cont) 5.2 JPCP Design
PCC: 5.2.1 Slab Length for no Dowels (δ<0.05”)
• Elastic Modulus, Ec = 4,500,000 psi δ
• Modulus of Rupture, S’c = 725 psi δ = C ⋅ L (α t ⋅ ∆T + ε ) L=
• Limestone rock C(α t ∆T + ε )
• Indirect Tensile Strength = 500 psi δ = 0.05
Design a JPCP (w/o dowels) and a JRCP (35-ft, w/ dowels). For each αt = 3.8 x 10-6 /oF (Table 12.23, Limestone)
pavement determine the slab thickness, joint spacing (for the JCPC), and ε = 0.00045 (Table 12.22, Indirect Tensile Strength = 500 psi)
reinforcement (mesh designation for the JRCP) C = 0.65 (Cement Treated)
Transverse: 12’(lane)+12’(lane)+10’(shoulder)
(0.0868)(11)(34 ×12)(1.5) in2 in 2
As = = 0.0068 ⋅ A s = 0.0816 ⋅
2 × 43000 in ft