Pir Mehr Ali Shah

Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

Office of the controller of Examinations
Mid Exam / Spring 2020 (Paper Duration 48 hours)
To be filled by Teacher

Course No.: AS-302 Course Title: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Total Marks: 12 Date of Exam: 18-06-2020
Degree: B.Sc (Hons.) Agriculture Semester: 2nd Section: C
Marks
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Obtained/
Total Marks
Marks
Obtained
Total Marks in Words:
Name of the teacher:
Who taught the course:Signature of teacher / Examiner:

To be filled by Student

Registration No.: 17-ARID-2935 Name: Hafiz Muhammad Zahid

Answer the following questions in detail. (answer sheet is extendable)

Q.No.1. What do you understand by Livestock. State comprehensively the objectives of livestock
domestication. Write a comprehensive note on comparison between wild and domesticated animals
by giving examples. Also, present detailed population statistics of all species of livestock in Barani tract
of Punjab? (3 Marks)
Answer: Livestock:
The domesticated animals that are raised to get meat, milk, eggs, fur, leather, wool and other things
from them are called as livestock.
Examples: Cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, etc.
Objectives of livestock domestication:
1.) To complete the food requirements of population.
2.) To do proper management of domestic animals.
3.) To increase the production of eatables like milk, eggs, honey, meat, etc.
4.) To maintain a healthy environment.
5.) To increase the living standard of farmers.

Domestic Animals: The animals that are provided with the food and shelter and in return we also
get things are called as domestic animals.
Examples: Cow, buffaloes, sheep, cattle, goats, hen, rabbits, etc. are domestic animals.
Wild Animals: The animals that go in search of food by themselves and find a place to live for are
called as wild animals.
Examples: Lion, leopards, hyenas, rhinoceros, elephants, jaguars, etc.

Population of species of livestock:

The present population of livestock animals of Pakistan is 23.34 million buffaloes, 22.42
millions cattle, 24.24 million sheep, 49.14 million goats, 0.77 million camels.

Q.No.2. Discuss concept of “Breed” in Animal Husbandry perspective. Document features of top five
sheep breeds of the world in terms of origin, colour, body weight, wool production etc. Also give
detailed features of top five goat breeds of the world in terms of origin, colour, body weight, milk
production, hair production etc.? (3 Marks)
Answer:
Breed:
Breed is a specific group of domestic animals having homogeneous appearance and behavior and
have other characteristics that make them different from other organisms of the same species.

Top 5 Sheep in the World

Name Origin Weight in Kg Colour Wool production
in pounds

Merino Spain 105m/80f White 2-30

Leicester United kingdom 110m/89f White 4-7.1

Lincoln United kingdom 160m/113f Gray Sliver 12-16

Dorset Southwest UK 125m/80f Very White 5-9

Turcana Romania 90m/79f Gray 2-30

Top 5 Goats in the World

Name Origin Weight in Kg Milk per Colour Hair
lactation production in
pounds

Alpine France 61 780 Coco Black 135

 Lamancha Spain 30 1050 Black 128

Nubian Uk 60 915 White patches 135

Saanen Switzerland 85 838 White 125

Toggenburg Switzerland 55 650 Brown 110

Q.No.3. Discuss importance of colostrum for new-born dairy calves of cattle and buffalo. Document
compositional comparison of colostrum vs. normal milk in all species of livestock. Also discuss
management of dairy cattle and buffalo for heat/estrous detection, during pregnancy and during &
after parturition? (3 Marks)
Answer: Importance:

● Colostrum contains antibodies that are helpful for calves to make them resistant to diseases.
● Colostrum is also called as the first meal of newborn calves of cattle and buffalo.
● Colostrum is high in proteins, fat and vitamins that are very helpful for the growth of new
born babies of cattle and buffaloes.

Difference between milk and colostrum:

Milk Composition

Goat 4.1% lactose , 3.8% fat and 3.4% proteins

Cow 0.7% vitamins and minerals, 3.5% proteins, 4.5% fat, 4.8% lactose
and 86.5% lactose

Sheep 7.9% fat, 4.9% lactose, 6.2% proteins

Buffalo 84% water, 3.7% proteins, 5.2% lactose, 6.9% fat

 Colostrum Composition

Goat Albumin, globulin, caprylic acid, capric acid

Cow 24.19% total solids, 13.45% total proteins, 11.90% whey proteins
and 8.04% fat

Sheep 5.8% fat and 11.6 % non-fat dry extract. In addition to these it also
contains minerals and vitamins

Buffalo 26.67% total solids,13. 46% total proteins, 11.80% whey proteins
and 9.59% fat

During Pregnancy:

● Pregnant cows sometimes show signs of heat when they are impregnated by intense heat.
● Pregnancy management is done after 45 to 60 days of breeding.
● Checking is done time by time during the parturition period of livestock.
● Extra concentrated food is provided to the pregnant animal so that it gets plenty of
nutrients.
● The pregnant animal is checked time to time so that if it needs anything.
● Good quality of legumes is provided T the pregnant animal because they are good source of
proteins.

During Heat:
● Progestin’s help the animals for coming into heat.
● There are timed artificial intelligence systems that help us to check whether the animal is on
heat or not.
● Prostaglandin also do the same job as progestin’s do.

Q.No.4. Discuss modern livestock housing systems in the world especially for cattle, sheep and camel
focusing on the animal space requirements, direction of livestock shed, ventilation, drainage and
animal welfare perspective? (3 Marks)
Answer:
The housing system made for the animals in order to maintain their comfort, contain the following
things:
● The most important thing is to keep the drainage system in mind. Building should be at a
particular height to offer slopes for the automatic removal of drainage.
● The second thing that should be kept in mind is that house should be in compete exposure
of sunlight and protective from windy attacks.
● Sheds should be located about 100m from the road.
● Plenty of fresh water should be given. The water should be clean and soft.
● Surrounding area should be monitored like narrow gates, protruding nails, loose hinges
shouldn't be present.
● Ventilators should be present to keep the house airy and in order to remove suffocation.
● House should be more spacious in order to keep the animals in open environment.
● A suitable diet, protection from injury and time to time checking should be given to animals.