Chapter 15: Chi Squared Tests

CHAPTER 15
CHISQUARED TESTS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In the following multiplechoice questions, please circle the correct answer.
1. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we describe a single population of

qualitative data with exactly two categories?
a. ztest of a population proportion
b. The chisquared test of a multinomial experiment
c. The chisquared test of a contingency table
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: d
2. If we want to conduct a twotail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

b. the chisquared test of a binomial experiment since z 2 = χ 2
c. the chisquared test of a contingency table
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: d
3. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we wish to analyze the relationship
between two qualitative variables with two or more categories?
a. The chisquared test of a multinomial experiment
b. The chisquared test of a contingency table
c. The ttest of the difference between two means
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: b
72
73 Chapter Sixteen
4. If we want to conduct a onetail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

b. the chisquared test of a binomial experiment since z 2 = χ 2
c. the chisquared test of a contingency table
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: a
5. In a goodness offit test, suppose that the value of the test statistic is 13.08 and df = 6. At

the 5% significance level, the null hypothesis is
a. rejected and pvalue for the test is smaller than 0.05
b. not rejected, and pvalue for the test is greater than 0.05
c. rejected, and pvalue for the test is greater than 0.05
d. not rejected, and pvalue for the test is smaller than 0.05
ANSWER: a
6. In a goodness offit test, suppose that a sample showed that the observed frequency f i

and expected frequency ei were equal for each cell i. Then, the null hypothesis is
a. rejected at α = 0.05 but is not rejected at α = 0.025
b. not rejected at α = 0.05 but is rejected at α = 0.025
c. rejected at any level α
d. not rejected at any α level
ANSWER: d
7. The president of a state university collected data from students concerning building a
new library, and classified the responses into different categories (strongly agree, agree,
undecided, disagree, strongly disagree) and according to whether the student was male
or female. To determine whether the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that
the responses depend upon gender, the most appropriate test is:
a. chisquared goodness offit test
b. chisquared test of a contingency table (test of independence)
c. chisquared test of normality
d. chisquared test for comparing five proportions
ANSWER: b
8. The number of degrees of freedom for a contingency table with 6 rows and 6 columns is

a. 36
b. 25
c. 12
d. 6
ANSWER: b
Chi-Squared Tests 74
9. A chisquared test of a contingency table with 4 rows and 5 columns shows that the
value of the test statistic is 22.18. The most accurate statement that can be made about
the pvalue for this test is that
a. pvalue is greater than 0.05
b. pvalue is smaller than 0.025
c. pvalue is greater than 0.025 but smaller than 0.05
d. pvalue is greater than 0.10
ANSWER: c
10. The number of degrees of freedom for a contingency table with 4 rows and 8 columns is
a. 32
b. 28
c. 24
d. 21
ANSWER: d
11. The chisquared distribution is used:

a. in a goodness offit test
b. in a test of a contingency table
c. in making inferences about a single population variance
d. All of the above answers are correct
ANSWER: d
12. To determine whether a single coin is fair, the coin was tossed 100 times, and head was
observed 60 times. The value of the test statistic is
a. 40
b. 4
c. 60
d. 6
ANSWER: b
13. To determine whether data were drawn from any distribution, we use
a. a chisquared goodness offit test
b. a chisquared test of a contingency table
c. a chisquare test for normality
d. None of the above answers is correct
ANSWER: a
14. A chisquared goodness offit test is always conducted as:

a. a lower tail test
b. an upper tail test
c. a two tail test
d. Either a or b
ANSWER: b
75 Chapter Sixteen
15. Contingency tables are used in:

a. testing independence of two samples
b. testing dependence in matched pairs
c. testing independence of two qualitative variables in a population
d. describing a single population
ANSWER: c
16. The number of degrees of freedom in testing for normality is the

a. number of intervals used to test the hypothesis minus 1
b. number of parameters estimated minus 1
c. number of intervals used to test the hypothesis minus number of parameters
estimated minus 1
d. number of intervals used to test the hypothesis minus number of parameters
estimated minus 2
ANSWER: c
17. If the expected frequency ei for any cell i is less than 5, we

a. must choose another sample of five or more observations
b. should use the normal distribution instead of the chisquared distribution
c. should combine the cells such that each observed frequency f i is 5 or more
d. increase the number of degrees of freedom for the test by 5
ANSWER: c
18. If each element in a population is classified into one and only one of several categories,
the population is a:
a. normal population
b. multinomial population
c. chisquared population
d. binomial population
ANSWER: b
19. To determine the critical values in the chisquared distribution table, the process
requires the following:
a. degrees of freedom
b. probability of Type I error
c. probability of Type II error
d. Both a and b
ANSWER: d
20. Of the values for a chisquared test statistic listed below, which one is likely to lead to
rejecting the null hypothesis in a goodness offit test?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 40
ANSWER: d
21. The number of degrees of freedom in a test of a contingency table with 4 rows and 3
columns equals:
a. 4
b. 7
c. 6
d. 3
ANSWER: c
22. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we describe a single population of

qualitative data with two or more categories?
a. ztest of the difference between two proportions
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: b
23. The sampling distribution of the test statistic for a goodness offit test with k categories
is:
a. Student t distribution with k1 degrees of freedom
b. normal distribution
c. chisquared distribution with k1 degrees of freedom
d. approximately chisquared distribution with k1 degrees of freedom
ANSWER: d
24. The chisquared test of a contingency table is based upon:

a. two qualitative variables
b. two quantitative variables
c. three or more qualitative variables
d. three or more quantitative variables
ANSWER: a
25. Which of the following statements is not correct?

a. The chisquared distribution is symmetrical
b. The chisquared distribution is skewed to the right
c. All values of the chisquared distribution are positive
d. The critical region for a goodness offit test with k categories is χ > χ α ,k −1
2 2
ANSWER: a
26. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we compare two populations of

qualitative data with exactly two categories?
b. ztest of the difference between two proportions
77 Chapter Sixteen
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: e
27. Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. The chisquared test of independence is a onesample test
b. Both variables in the chisquared test of independence are qualitative variables
c. The chisquared goodness offit test involves two categorical variables
d. The chisquared distribution is skewed to the right
ANSWER: c
28. A left tail area in the chisquared distribution equals 0.99. For df = 8, the table value
equals:
a. 20.0902
b. 3.4895
c. 2.7326
d. 15.5073
ANSWER: a
29. Which of the following statements is true for the chisquared tests?

a. Testing for equal proportions is identical to testing for goodness offit
b. The number of degrees of freedom in a test of a contingency table with r rows and c
columns is (r1)(c1).
c. The number of degrees of freedom in a goodness offit test with k categories is k1
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANSWER: d
30. The degrees of freedom in a chisquared test for normality, where the number of
standardized intervals is 5 and there are 2 population parameters to be estimated from
the data, is equal to:
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
ANSWER: d
31. A chisquared test for independence with 6 degrees of freedom results in a test statistic
χ 2 = 13.58 . Using the χ 2 tables, the most accurate statement that can be made about the
pvalue for this test is that:
a. pvalue > 0.10
b. pvalue > 0.05
c. 0.05 < pvalue < 0.10
d. 0.025 < pvalue < 0.05
ANSWER: d
32. In a goodness offit test, the null hypothesis states that the data came from a normally
distributed population. The researcher estimated the population mean and population
standard deviation from a sample of 500 observations. In addition, the researcher used 6
standardized intervals to test for normality. Using a 5% level of significance, the critical
value for this test is:
a. 11.1433
b. 9.3484
c. 7.8147
d. 9.4877
ANSWER: c
33. In a chisquared test of a contingency table, the value of the test statistic was
χ 2 = 12.678 , and the critical value at α = 0.025 was 14.4494. Thus,
a. we fail to reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.025
b. we reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.025
c. we don’t have enough evidence to accept or reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.025
d. we should decrease the level of significance in order to reject the null hypothesis
ANSWER: a
34. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we compare two or more populations of
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: c
35. Which of the following tests does not use the chisquared distribution?
a. Test of a contingency table
b. Goodness offit test
c. Difference between two population means test
d. All of the above tests use the chisquared distribution
ANSWER: c
36. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we compare two populations of

d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
ANSWER: c
79 Chapter Sixteen
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a multinomial experiment?

a. The experiment consists of a fixed number, n, of trials.
b. The outcome of each trial can be classified into one of two categories called successes
and failure.
c. The probability pi that the outcome will fall into cell i remain constant for each trial.
d. Each trial of the experiment is independent of the other trials
ANSWER: b
38. In a chisquared goodness offit test, if the expected frequencies ei and the observed
frequencies f i were quite different, we would conclude that:
a. the null hypothesis is false, and we would reject it
b. the null hypothesis is true, and we would not reject it
c. the alternative hypothesis is false, and we would reject it
d. the chisquared distribution is invalid, and we would use the tdistribution instead
ANSWER: a
39. In chisquared tests, the conventional and conservative rule – known as the rule of five –
is to require that the:
a. observed frequency for each cell be at least five
b. degrees of freedom for the test be at least five
c. expected frequency for each cell be at least five
d. difference between the observed and expected frequency for each cell be at least five
ANSWER: c
40. Consider a multinomial experiment with 200 trials, and the outcome of each trial can be
classified into one of 5 categories. The number of degrees of freedom associated with
the chisquared goodness offit test equals:
a. 195
b. 205
c. 199
d. 4
ANSWER: d
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
41. The null hypothesis states that the sample data came from a normally distributed
population. The researcher calculates the sample mean and the sample standard
deviation from the data. The data arrangement consisted of five categories. Using a
0.05 significance level, the appropriate critical value for this chisquare test for normality
is 5.99147
ANSWER: T
42. A test for independence is applied to a contingency table with 3 rows and 4 columns for
two qualitative variables. The degrees of freedom for this chisquare test must equal 12.
ANSWER: F
43. A chisquare test for independence with 6 degrees of freedom results in a test statistic of
13.25. Using the chisquare table, the most accurate statement that can be made about
the pvalue for this test is that pvalue is greater than 0.025 but smaller than 0.05.
ANSWER: T
44. Whenever the expected frequency of a cell is less than 5, one remedy for this condition is

to increase the significance level.
ANSWER: F
45. In testing a population mean or constructing a confidence interval for the population
mean, an essential assumption is that expected frequencies are at least five.
ANSWER: F
46. A righttailed area in the chisquare distribution equals 0.05. For 6 degrees of freedom
the table value equals 12.5916.
ANSWER: T

to increase the size of the sample.
ANSWER: T
48. A lefttailed area in the chisquare distribution equals 0.10. For 5 degrees of freedom the

table value equals 9.23635.
ANSWER: F
49. For a chisquare distributed random variable with 10 degrees of freedom and a level of
significance of 0.025, the chisquare value from the table is 20.4831. The computed value
of the test statistics is 16.857. This will lead us to reject the null hypothesis.
ANSWER: F
50. A test for independence is applied to a contingency table with 4 rows and 4 columns for
two qualitative variables. The degrees of freedom for this test will be 9.
ANSWER: T
81 Chapter Sixteen
51. A chisquare test for independence with 10 degrees of freedom results in a test statistic
of 17.894. Using the chisquare table, the most accurate statement that can be made
about the pvalue for this test is that 0.05 < pvalue < 0.10.
ANSWER: T

to decrease the size of the sample.
ANSWER: F
53. The middle 0.95 portion of the chisquare distribution with 9 degrees of freedom has
table values of 3.32511 and 16.9190, respectively.
ANSWER: F
54. In applying the chisquare goodness offit test, the rule of thumb for all expected
frequencies is that each expected frequency equal or exceeds 5.
ANSWER: T
55. In a chisquared test of independence, the value of the test statistic was χ 2 = 15.652, and
the critical value at α = 0.025 was 11.1433. Thus, we must reject the null hypothesis at
α = 0.025 .
ANSWER: T
56. The chisquared test of independence is based upon three or more quantitative
variables.
ANSWER: F
standardized intervals to test for normality. Using a 2.5% level of significance, the
critical value for this test is 14.4494.
ANSWER: F
58. A chisquare goodness offit test is always conducted as a two tail test.

ANSWER: F
59. A lefttailed area in the chisquare distribution equals 0.90. For 10 degrees of freedom
the table value equals 15.9871.
ANSWER: T
60. For a chisquare distributed random variable with 12 degrees of freedom and a level of
significance of 0.05, the chisquare value from the table is 21.0261. The computed value
of the test statistics is 25.1687. This will lead us to reject the null hypothesis.
ANSWER: T
standardized intervals to test for normality. Using a 10% level of significance, the critical
value for this test is 4.60517.
ANSWER: T
62. In chisquare tests, the conventional and conservative rule – known as the Rule of Five –
is to require that difference between the observed and expected frequency for each cell
be at least five.
ANSWER: F

to decrease the significance level.
ANSWER: F
64. The area to the right of a chisquare value is 0.01. For 8 degrees of freedom, the table
value is 1.64648.
ANSWER: F
65. A multinomial experiment, where the outcome of each trial can be classified into one of
two categories, is identical to the binomial experiment.
ANSWER: T
66. The chisquared goodness offit test is usually used as a test of multinomial parameters,

but it can also be used to determine whether data were drawn from any distribution.
ANSWER: T
67. The chisquared test of a contingency table is used to determine if there is enough
evidence to infer that two nominal variables are related, and to infer that differences
exist among two or more populations of nominal variables.
ANSWER: T
68. The number of degrees of freedom for a contingency table with r rows and c columns is
ν = rc , provided that both r and c are greater than or equal to 2.
ANSWER: F
69. When the problem objective is to describe a population of nominal data with exactly
two categories, we can employ either the ztest of population proportion p, or the chi
squared goodness offit test.
ANSWER: T
70. If we want to perform a onetail test of a population proportion p, we can employ either
the ztest of p, or the chisquared goodness offit test.
ANSWER: F
83 Chapter Sixteen
71. If we want to perform a two tail test of a population proportion p, we must employ the
ztest of p.
ANSWER: F
72. If we want to test for differences between two populations of nominal data with exactly
two categories, we can employ either the ztest of p1 − p2 , or the chisquared test of a
contingency table (squaring the value of the z statistic yields the value of χ 2 statistics).
ANSWER: T
73. If we want to perform a two tail test for differences between two populations of
nominal data with exactly two categories, we can employ either the ztest of p1 − p2 , or
the chisquared test of a contingency table (squaring the value of the z statistic yields the
value of χ 2 statistics).
ANSWER: T
74. If we want to perform a onetail test for differences between two populations of nominal

data with exactly two categories, we must employ the ztest of p1 − p2 .
ANSWER: T
75. The number of degrees of freedom associated with the chisquared test for normality is
the number of intervals used minus the number of parameters estimated from the data.
ANSWER: F
TEST QUESTIONS
76. The following data are believed to have come from a normal probability distribution.
26 21 25 20 21 29 26 23 22 24
24 30 23 32 26 24 32 16 36 26
21 31 26 23 32 35 40 30 14 26
46 27 33 25 27 21 26 18 29 36
The mean of this sample equals 26.80, and the standard deviation equals 6.378. Use the
goodness offit test at the 5% significance level to test this claim.
ANSWER:
H 0 : The population has a normal probability distribution
H 1 : The population does not have a normal probability distribution
Since the sample size is less than 80, we employ the minimum number of intervals 4.
Selected Standardized Probability Observed Expected ( f − e ) 2

i i
Intervals Intervals pi Frequency Frequency
ei
fi ei
X ≤ 20.422 Z ≤ 1 0.1587 4 6.348 0.8685

20.422 ≤ X ≤ 26.80 1 ≤ Z ≤ 0 0.3413 20 13.652 2.9517
26.80 ≤ X ≤ 33.178 0 ≤ Z ≤ 1 0.3413 11 13.652 0.5152
X > 33.178 Z > 1 0.1587 5 6.348 0.2862
Rejection region: χ > χ 0.05,1 = 3.8415

2 2
Test statistic: χ 2 = 4.6216
pvalue = 0.0316
Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis; concluding that the population does not have
a normal probability distribution
77. Conduct a test to determine whether the two classifications A and B are independent,
using the data in the accompanying table and α = 0.05
B1 B2 B3
A1 35 25 20
A2 25 20 25
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables are independent
H 1 : The two variables are dependent
2 2
Test statistic: χ 2 = 2.121, and pvalue = 0.3464.

Conclusion: Don’t reject the null hypothesis. Yes
85 Chapter Sixteen
78. The personnel manager of a consumer product company asked a random sample of
employees how they felt about the work they were doing. The following table gives a
breakdown of their responses by gender. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to
conclude that the level of job satisfaction is related to gender? Use α = 0.10.
Response
Gender Very Interesting Fairly Interesting Not Interesting

Male 70 41 9
Female 35 34 11
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.095
Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis. Yes
79. The personnel manager of a consumer products company asked a random sample of
employees how they felt about the work they were doing. The following table gives a
breakdown of their responses by age. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the
level of job satisfaction is related to age? Use α = 0.10.
Response
Age Very Fairly Interesting Not Interesting

Interesting
Under 30 31 24 13
Between 30 and 50 42 30 4
Over 50 32 21 3
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.046
80. A firm has been accused of engaging in prejudicial hiring practices. According to the
most recent census, the percentages of whites, blacks, and Hispanics in a certain
community are 72%, 10%, and 18%, respectively. A random sample of 200 employees of
the firm revealed that 165 were white, 14 were black, and 21 were Hispanic. Do the data
provide sufficient evidence to conclude at the 5% level of significance that the firm has
been engaged in prejudicial hiring practices?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.72 , p2 = 0.10, p3 = 0.18
H 1 : At least two proportions differ from their specified values
2 2
pvalue = 0.0039
81. Five brands of orange juice are displayed side by side in several supermarkets in a large
city. It was noted that in one day, 180 customers purchased orange juice. Of these, 30
picked Brand A, 40 picked Brand B, 25 picked Brand C, 35 picked Brand D, and 50
picked brand E. In this city, can you conclude at the 5% significance level that there is a
preferred brand of orange juice?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3 = p 4 = p 5
2 2
pvalue = 0.036
82. A sport preference poll showed the following data for men and women:
Favorite Sport
Gender Baseball Basketball Football Golf Tennis

Male 24 17 30 18 22
Female 21 20 22 12 28
Use the 5% level of significance and test to determine whether sport preferences depend

on gender.
87 Chapter Sixteen
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (gender and favorite sport) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.509
Conclusion: Don’t reject the null hypothesis. No
83. Last year, Brand A microwaves had 45% of the market, Brand B had 35%, and Brand C
had 20%. This year the makers of brand C launched a heavy advertising campaign. A
random sample of appliance stores shows that of 10,000 microwaves sold, 4350 were
Brand A, 3450 were Brand B, and 2200 were Brand C. Has the market changed? Test at
α = 0.01.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.45 , p2 = 0.35, p3 = 0.20
2 2
pvalue = 0.0
84. A study of educational levels of 500 voters and their political party affiliations in a

particular state in the USA showed the following results:
Party Affiliation
Educational level Democrat Republican Independent

Didn’t Complete High School 40 20 80
High School Diploma 70 30 60
Has College Degree 90 50 60
Use the 1% level of significance and test to see if party affiliation is independent of the
educational level of the voters.
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (educational level and political party affiliation) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.0
Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis. No
85. Consider a multinomial experiment involving 100 trials and 3 categories (cells). The
observed frequencies resulting from the experiment are shown in the accompanying
table.
Category 1 2 3
Frequency 38 35 27
Use the 5% significance level to test the hypotheses
H 0 : p1 = 0.45 , p2 = 0.30, p3 = 0.25

ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.3531
Conclusion: Don’t reject the null hypothesis.
86. In 2000, the student body of a state university in Michigan consists of 30% freshmen,
25% sophomores, 27% juniors, and 18% seniors. A sample of 400 students taken from
the 2001 student body showed that there are 138 freshmen, 88 sophomores, 94 juniors,
and 80 seniors. Test with 5% significance level to determine whether the student body
proportions have changed.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.30 , p2 = 0.25, p3 = 0.27, p4 = 0.18
2 2
pvalue = 0.077
87. Consider a multinomial experiment involving 160 trials 4 categories (cells). The
observed frequencies resulting from the experiment are shown in the accompanying
table.
Category 1 2 3 4
Frequency 53 35 30 42
Use the 10% significance level to test the hypotheses
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3 = p 4
89 Chapter Sixteen
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.0589
88. A statistics professor posted the following grade distribution guidelines for his
elementary statistics class: 8% A, 35% B, 40% C, 12% D, and 5% F. A sample of 100
elementary statistics grades at the end of last semester showed 12 As, 30 Bs, 35 Cs, 15
Ds, and 8 Fs. Test at the 5% significance level to determine whether the actual grades
deviate significantly from the posted grade distribution guidelines.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.08 , p2 = 0.35, p3 = 0.40, p4 = 0.12, p4 = 0.05
2 2
pvalue = 0.2076
using the data in the accompanying table and α = .01
B1 B2
A1 42 28
A2 23 57
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.0001
90. Explain what is meant by the rule of five.
ANSWER:
The rule of five requires that the expected frequency for each cell be at least 5. Where
necessary, cells should be combined in order to satisfy this condition. The choice of cells
to be combined should be made in such a way that meaningful categories (cells) result
from the combination.
91. In 1996, computers of Brand A controlled 25% of the market, Brand B 20%, Brand C 10%,

and brand D 45%. In 2000, sample data was collected from many randomly selected
stores throughout the country. Of the 1200 computers sold, 280 were Brand A, 270 were
Brand B, 90 were Brand C, and 560 were Brand D. Has the market changed since 1996?
Test at the 1% significance level.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.25 , p2 = 0.20, p3 = 0.10, p4 = 0.45
2 2
pvalue = 0.004
92. A major insurance firm interviewed a random sample of 1200 college students to find

out the type of life insurance preferred, if any. The results follow:
Insurance Preference
Gender Term Whole Life No Insurance

Female 100 80 325
Male 160 60 475
Is there evidence that life insurance preference of male students is different than that of
female students? Test using the 5% level of significance.
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (gender and insurance preference) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.0005
93. The number of cars sold by three salespersons over a 3month period are shown below:
Brand of Car
Salesperson Brand A Brand B Brand C

David 7 2 6
Edward 11 4 8
Frank 8 5 3
Use the 5% level of significance and test for the independence of salesperson and type of

product sold
91 Chapter Sixteen
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (salesperson and brand of car) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.6158
94. A telephone company prepared four versions of a set of instructions for placing collect
calls. The company asked a sample of 1600 people which one of the four forms was
easiest to understand. In the sample, 425 people preferred Form A, 385 preferred Form
B, 375 preferred Form C, and 415 preferred Form D. At the 5% level of significance, can
one conclude that in the population there is a preferred form?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3 = p 4
2 2
pvalue = 0.2357
95. Suppose that a random sample of 60 observations was drawn from a population. After
calculating the mean and standard deviation, each observation was standardized and
the number of observations in each of the intervals below was counted. Can we infer at
the 10% significance level that the data were drawn from a normal population?
Intervals Frequency
Z ≤ 1 8
1 < Z ≤ 0 30
0 < Z ≤ 1 17
Z > 1 5
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.1587 , p2 = 0.3413, p3 = 0.3413, p4 = 0.1587
(The population is normal)
(The population is not normal)
2 2
pvalue = 0.0343
96. Suppose that a random sample of 150 observations was drawn from a population. After
calculating the mean and standard deviation, each observation was standardized and
the number of observations in each of the intervals below was counted. Can we infer at
the 5% significance level that the data were drawn from a normal population?
Intervals Frequency
Z ≤ 1.5 15
1.5 < Z ≤ .5 32
.5 ≤ Z ≤ .5 65
.5 < Z ≤ 1.5 25
Z > 1.5 13
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.0668 , p2 = 0.2417, p3 = 0.3830, p4 = 0.2417 , p5 = 0.0668
(The population is normal)
(The population is not normal)
2 2
pvalue = 0.0154
97. The president of a large university has been studying the relationship between
male /female supervisory structures in his institution and the level of employees’ job
satisfaction. The results of a recent survey are shown in the table below. Conduct a test
at the 5% significance level to determine whether the level of job satisfaction depends on
the boss /em ployee gender relationship.
Boss/Employee
Level of Satisfaction Male / Female Female / Male Male /Male Female /Female

Satisfied 60 15 50 15
Neutral 27 45 48 50
Dissatisfied 13 32 12 55
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.0
93 Chapter Sixteen
98. Consumer panel preferences for three proposed fast food restaurants are as follows:

Restaurant A Restaurant B Restaurant C

48 62 40
Use 0.05 level of significance and test to see if there is a preference among the three
restaurants.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3
2 2
pvalue = 0.0837
99. A cafeteria proposes to serve 4 main entrees. For planning purposes, the manager
expects that the proportions of each that will be selected by his customers will be:
Selection Proportion
Chicken 0.50
Roast Beef 0.20
Steak 0.10
Fish 0.20
Of the first 100 customers, 44 selected chicken, 24 selected roast beef, 13 select steak, and

10 selected fish. Should the manager revise his estimates? Use α = 0.01.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.50 , p2 = 0.20, p3 = 0.10, p4 = 0.20
2 2
pvalue = 0.064
100. A large carpet store wishes to determine if the brand of carpet purchased is related to
the purchaser’s family income. As a sampling frame, they mailed a survey to people
who have a store credit card. Five hundred customers returned the survey and the
results follow:
Brand of Carpet
Family Income Brand A Brand B Brand C

High Income 65 32 32
Middle Income 80 68 104
Low Income 25 35 59
At the 5% level of significance, can you conclude that the brand of carpet purchased is
related to the purchaser’s family income?
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (family income and brand of carpet) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.0
101. To determine whether a single coin is fair, the coin was tossed 200 times. The observed
frequencies with which each of the two sides of the coin turned up are recorded as 112
heads and 88 tails. Is there sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to allow you
to conclude that the coin is not fair?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.50, p 2 = 0.50 (the coin is fair)
H 1 : At least one pi is not equal to its specified value (the coin is not fair)
2 2
pvalue = 0.0897
95 Chapter Sixteen
QUESTIONS 102 THROUGH 105 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
Consider a multinomial experiment involving n = 200 trials and k = 5 cells. The observed
frequencies resulting from the experiment are shown in the following table:
Cell 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 16 44 56 48 36
The null hypothesis to be tested is as follows.
H 0 : p1 = 0.10 , p2 = 0.25, p3 = 0.30, p4 = 0.20, p5 = 0.15 p5 = 0.15
102. Test the hypothesis at the 5% level of significance
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.3324
103. Redo Question 102 with the following frequencies:
Cell 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 8 22 28 24 18
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.6820
104. Redo Question 102 with the following frequencies:
Cell 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 4 11 14 12 9
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.8868
105. Review the results of Questions 102 to 104. What is the effect of decreasing the sample
size?
ANSWER:
As the sample size decreased by 50%, the value of the test statistic also decreased by
50% and the pvalue became much larger.
Consider the data in the accompanying table with classifications A and B:
B1 B2
A1 40 80
A2 56 48
using α = 0.05
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.0476
107. Redo Question 106 using the following table:
B1 B2
A1 20 30
A2 28 24
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.1613
97 Chapter Sixteen
108. Redo Question 106 using the following table:
B1 B2
A1 10 15
A2 14 12
ANSWER:
2 2
pvalue = 0.322
109. Review the results of Questions 106 to 108. What is the effect of decreasing the sample
size?
ANSWER:
As the sample size decreased by 50%, the value of the test statistic also decreased by
50 % and the pvalue became much larger.
A biology professor claimed that the proportions of grades in his classes are the same. A sample

of 100 students showed the following frequencies:
Grade A B C D F
Frequency 18 20 28 23 11
110. State the null and alternative hypotheses to be tested.
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = 0.20 , p2 = 0.20, p3 = 0.20, p4 = 0.20, p5 = 0.20
111. Determine the rejection region at the 5% significance level.
ANSWER:
2 2
112. Compute the value of the test statistics.
ANSWER:
113. Use statistical software to compute the pvalue for this test.
ANSWER:
pvalue = 0.0953
114. Do the data provide enough evidence to support the professor’s claim?
ANSWER:
Don’t reject the null hypothesis. Yes, the data provide enough evidence to support the
professor’s claim.
QUESTIONS 115 AND 116 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION :
A salesperson makes five calls per day. A sample of 200 days gives the frequencies of sales
volumes listed below
Number of Sales Observed Frequency (days)

0 10
1 38
2 69
3 63
4 18
5 2
Assume the population is binomial distribution with a probability of purchase p equal to 0.50.
115. Compute the expected frequencies for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 by using the binomial
probability function or the binomial tables. Combine categories if necessary to satisfy
the rule of five.
ANSWER:
x fi pi ei
0 10 0.0313 6.26
1 38 0.1562 31.24
2 69 0.3125 62.50
3 63 0.3125 62.50
4 18 0.1562 31.24
5 2 0.0313 6.26
99 Chapter Sixteen
116. Should the assumption of a binomial distribution be rejected at the 5% significance

level?
ANSWER:
H 0 : The population has a binomial probability distribution
H 1 : The population does not have a binomial probability distribution
2 2
pvalue = 0.0245
A tire manufacturer operates a plant in New York and another plant in New Jersey. Employees

at each plant have been evenly divided among three issues (wages, working conditions, and
pension benefits) in terms of which one they feel should be the primary issue in the upcoming
contract negotiations. The president of the union has recently circulated pamphlets among the
employees, attempting to convince them that pension benefits should be the primary issue. A
subsequent survey revealed the following breakdown of the employees according to the plant
at which they worked and the issue that they felt should be supported as the primary one.
Issues
Plant Location Very Interesting Fairly Interesting Not Interesting

New York 60 62 78
New Jersey 70 56 74
117. Can you infer at the 5% significance level that the proportional support by the
employees at both plants for the issues has changed since the pamphlet was circulated?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3
2 2
pvalue = 0.1075
118. Can you infer at the 5% significance level that the proportional support by the New
York employees for the three issues has changed since the pamphlet was circulated?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3
2 2
pvalue = 0.2322
119. Can you infer at the 5% significance level that the proportional support by the New
Jersey employees for the three issues has changed since the pamphlet was circulated?
ANSWER:
H 0 : p1 = p 2 = p3
2 2
pvalue = 0.2618
120. Do the data indicate at the 5% significant level that there are differences between the
two plants regarding which issue should be the primary one?
ANSWER:
H 0 : The two variables (plant location and issues) are independent
2 2
pvalue = 0.5544

Chapter 15: Chi Squared Tests

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Chapter 15: Chi Squared Tests

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CHAPTER 15

In the following multiple­choice questions, please circle the correct answer.

1. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we describe a single population of

2. If we want to conduct a two­tail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

4. If we want to conduct a one­tail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

5. In a goodness­ of­fit test, suppose that the value of the test statistic is 13.08 and df = 6. At

6. In a goodness­ of­fit test, suppose that a sample showed that the observed frequency f i

8. The number of degrees of freedom for a contingency table with 6 rows and 6 columns is

11. The chi­squared distribution is used:

14. A chi­squared goodness­ of­fit test is always conducted as:

15. Contingency tables are used in:

16. The number of degrees of freedom in testing for normality is the

17. If the expected frequency ei for any cell i is less than 5, we

22. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we describe a single population of

24. The chi­squared test of a contingency table is based upon:

25. Which of the following statements is not correct?

26. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we compare two populations of

29. Which of the following statements is true for the chi­squared tests?

36. Which statistical technique is appropriate when we compare two populations of

37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a multinomial experiment?

44. Whenever the expected frequency of a cell is less than 5, one remedy for this condition is

47. Whenever the expected frequency of a cell is less than 5, one remedy for this condition is

48. A left­tailed area in the chi­square distribution equals 0.10. For 5 degrees of freedom the

52. Whenever the expected frequency of a cell is less than 5, one remedy for this condition is

58. A chi­square goodness­ of­fit test is always conducted as a two­ tail test.

63. Whenever the expected frequency of a cell is less than 5, one remedy for this condition is

66. The chi­squared goodness­ of­fit test is usually used as a test of multinomial parameters,

74. If we want to perform a one­tail test for differences between two populations of nominal

Selected Standardized Probability Observed Expected ( f − e ) 2

X ≤ 20.422 Z ≤ ­1 0.1587 4 6.348 0.8685

Rejection region: χ > χ 0.05,1 = 3.8415

Test statistic: χ 2 = 2.121, and p­value = 0.3464.

Gender Very Interesting Fairly Interesting Not Interesting

Age Very Fairly Interesting Not Interesting

Gender Baseball Basketball Football Golf Tennis

Use the 5% level of significance and test to determine whether sport preferences depend

84. A study of educational levels of 500 voters and their political party affiliations in a

Educational level Democrat Republican Independent

Use the 5% significance level to test the hypotheses

H 0 : p1 = 0.45 , p2 = 0.30, p3 = 0.25

90. Explain what is meant by the rule of five.

91. In 1996, computers of Brand A controlled 25% of the market, Brand B 20%, Brand C 10%,

92. A major insurance firm interviewed a random sample of 1200 college students to find

Gender Term Whole Life No Insurance

Salesperson Brand A Brand B Brand C

Use the 5% level of significance and test for the independence of salesperson and type of

Level of Satisfaction Male / Female Female / Male Male /Male Female /Female

98. Consumer panel preferences for three proposed fast food restaurants are as follows:

Restaurant A Restaurant B Restaurant C

Of the first 100 customers, 44 selected chicken, 24 selected roast beef, 13 select steak, and

Family Income Brand A Brand B Brand C

QUESTIONS 102 THROUGH 105 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

The null hypothesis to be tested is as follows.

H 0 : p1 = 0.10 , p2 = 0.25, p3 = 0.30, p4 = 0.20, p5 = 0.15 p5 = 0.15

102. Test the hypothesis at the 5% level of significance

103. Re­do Question 102 with the following frequencies:

104. Re­do Question 102 with the following frequencies:

QUESTIONS 106 THROUGH 109 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

Consider the data in the accompanying table with classifications A and B:

107. Re­do Question 106 using the following table:

108. Re­do Question 106 using the following table:

QUESTIONS 110 THROUGH 114 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

A biology professor claimed that the proportions of grades in his classes are the same. A sample

In the following multiplechoice questions, please circle the correct answer.

2. If we want to conduct a twotail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

4. If we want to conduct a onetail test of a population proportion, we can employ:

5. In a goodness offit test, suppose that the value of the test statistic is 13.08 and df = 6. At

6. In a goodness offit test, suppose that a sample showed that the observed frequency f i

11. The chisquared distribution is used:

14. A chisquared goodness offit test is always conducted as:

24. The chisquared test of a contingency table is based upon:

29. Which of the following statements is true for the chisquared tests?

48. A lefttailed area in the chisquare distribution equals 0.10. For 5 degrees of freedom the

58. A chisquare goodness offit test is always conducted as a two tail test.

66. The chisquared goodness offit test is usually used as a test of multinomial parameters,

74. If we want to perform a onetail test for differences between two populations of nominal

X ≤ 20.422 Z ≤ 1 0.1587 4 6.348 0.8685

Test statistic: χ 2 = 2.121, and pvalue = 0.3464.

103. Redo Question 102 with the following frequencies:

104. Redo Question 102 with the following frequencies:

107. Redo Question 106 using the following table:

108. Redo Question 106 using the following table:

113. Use statistical software to compute the pvalue for this test.