Leyte Normal University

Tacloban City

NOTE:
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be
reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or
mechanical method without the prior written permission of the
teacher/ author.
This module is EXCLUSIVELY for educational purposes
only for LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY students enrolled in
this subject

SOCIO-
CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOG
MODULE II
 Overview of Module II

Nature of Culture
If humans are the same biologically, “Why do we behave differently from each
other?” To answer that question, human behavior is not driven by instinct alone but by
culture as well. Then – “Why are cultures not the same?”

The question above is one of the most common inquiry asked I the field of
Anthropology. This chapter is devoted into answer that question and many more about
culture. This module aims to give a clear discussion and understanding of what is and
isn’t culture, how it affects us individually and how it changes through time.

To have a clearer picture in our journey in understanding culture, the sequence

of topic and discussion in shown below.

Lesson 4
Mechanism
Lesson 3 of Cultural
Element of Change
Lesson 2 Culture
Enculturation
and Cultural
Relativism in
Lesson 1 understanding
What is Culture culture
and the
Characterisitcs
of Culture

Key Terms:

 Culture Enculturation
 Ethnocentrism Diffusion
 Shared Acculturation
 Learned Cultural Relativism
 Module II
Pre-Test

Instruction: Read each question below and encircle the letter of your choice.

1. Norms are society’s idea on what is good or

T F
bad.
2. Cultural Relativism is seeing other culture
T F
according to your own cultural standards.

3. Songs, poems and other literary pieces are

T F
examples of culture

4. Acculturation is the process of passing cultural

T F
practices and beliefs to the next generation.

5. Culture could be both material and immaterial T F

6. Values pertains to what is widely accepted

T F
standard in the society.

7. The constitution is an example of a formal

T F
norm

8. Culture is present everywhere T F

9. Education is one of the elements of culture T F

10. The presence of culture is exclusive to humans T F

Activity Sheet 1: Culture and the Characteristics of Culture

Objectives:
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:
a. Define Culture
b. Appreciate the significance of studying Culture
c. Illustrate through a wheel diagram the manifestation of the characteristic of
culture

Activity 1: Complete the Wheel

Instruction: Complete the where diagram below with the characteristic of Culture.

Processing Questions:
1. How can culture be learned?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. How can culture help people adapt?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. How can culture be considered instrumental?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. What does it mean that “all people are cultured”?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 2:
Instruction: Complete the wheel map below by providing examples/ instances that
illustrates the manifestation of the characteristics of culture in your day to day life.
Processing Questions:
1. Considering the different characteristics of culture, how do can we define
culture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Culture is shown in many things. Give a concrete example of how the Filipino
culture is showcased. Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Thinking Outside the Box

Instruction: Read the question on the box and put your answer inside the
idea cloud.
Activity Sheet 3: Enculturation and Relativism in
Understanding Culture
Objectives:
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:
a. Understand the concept of Enculturation and Cultural Relativism
b. Values the significance of Enculturation and Cultural Relativism in
understanding culture
c. Creates a graphic organizer illustrating the advantages and disadvantages of
cultural relativism and examples of enculturation.

Activity 1: Only What I do

Instruction: Read each statement below and put a check mark in the corresponding
box to statements that applies to you.

Processing Questions:
1. Which statements inside the box do you find unusual or disturbing? Why do
find it as such?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. What comes into your mind when your read the two last statements? Is it a
manifestation of cultural relativism? If not, what is it?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. How can the idea of enculturation help you understand your own culture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. How does being culturally relative aid someone in understanding other culture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Guess What?

Instruction: Identify what the jumbled letters mean.

ELURTAIONU
CNT
SERHD
A
LANRED
E
RITESALMVI
ECTULR
UE
Processing Question:
1. Are the words above related? How?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Knowing and understanding the concept of enculturation, how do you think it

influence us to what and who you are today?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Complete Me
Instruction: Construct a graphic organizer illustrating the relationship of the words
provided in Activity 2. Provide description for each. Your work will be rated using the
following scoring rubric.

Scoring Rubric:

Accuracy of information provided - 10 points

Summarizes the graphic organizer
to communicate the relationship - 10 points
Appropriate choice of graphic organizer - 5 points
Relevance to the topic - 5 points
Total 30 points
Activity Sheet 3: Elements of Culture
Objectives:
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:
a. Identify the different elements of Culture
b. Appreciate the function of the elements of culture
c. Enumerate evident examples of the elements of culture

Activity 1:
Instruction: Look into the box below and encircle the words you can find. You may
look for this words in any way possible.

v M O R E S W S
E G A U G N A L
B E L I E F S O
V H D U Q Y H B
C J K L E P F M
E N O R M S O Y
F O L K W A Y S

Activity 2:
Instruction: Read each item carefully. Identify what each statement refers.

1. These are convictions that people hold to be true.

2. This pertains to the definition on how people behave in accordance
to what the society defines as god, right and important.
3. This is the embodiment of moral views and principles that violating
them would cause serious consequences.
4. This is the standards for discerning what is good and just in the
society.
 5. This is the system through which people communicate and that
culture is transmitted.
6. This pertains to the standard that society would like to embrace and
live up to.
7. This is a direct appropriate behavior and the day to day practices and
expression of culture.
8. This is a way to encourage conformity cultural norms.
9. These are the established written rules that are agreed upon by most
people.
10. These could be in a form of gesture, objects, signals and words that
help people understand in order to convey a recognizable meaning.

Processing Questions:

1. How are mores and norms different or the same?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Why is there a need for social control?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. How can we distinguish ideal culture from real culture?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. How do values and norms differ?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Illustrate it
Instruction: In a form of a matrix, enumerate concrete examples / instances that
embodies the different elements of culture. Use the space provided below.

Processing Questions:
Instruction: Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. What would happen to the development of culture in the absence of these

elements?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Which among the elements of culture do you think is greatly significant in child
rearing?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. As a student, how would you suggest to use these elements in order to help
develop or preserve the Filipino culture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Activity Sheet 4: Mechanism for Cultural Change
Objectives:
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:
a. Determine the different factors that triggers cultural change
b. Value the importance of our own culture to who we are
c. Evaluate the role of the different factors that triggers cultural change.

Activity 1: Identify your Heritage

Instruction: Examine each picture below and try to identify what each picture depicts.
Processing Question:

1. Do these cultural traditions still practice today? If no, why? Elaborate your
answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Define ME
Instruction: Give meaning to the following terms and explain how can it influence the
culture.

Diffusion

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Acculturation

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Independent Invention

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
 Globalization

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Processing Questions:
1. How can a simple exchange of goods trigger cultural change?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. How can globalization influence the change in culture?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Activity 3: The Discussion Grid

Instruction: Accomplish the discussion grid which attempts to evaluate if change is
good or bad for our culture. Your output will be graded using the following scoring
rubric.

Appropriate choice of graphic organizer - 10 points

Accuracy of information provided - 10 points
Summarizes the graphic organizer
to communicate the relationship - 10 points
Total 30 points
Processing Questions:
1. What would happen to Filipino culture if we continue to patronize other
products, traditions and practices of other culture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Is cultural change good or bad? Elaborate your answer.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________