Assignment 4

Mobile & Wireless Communication (EC - 17101)

1. A. In what conditions ‘Rayleigh’ and ‘Rician’ fading is observed?

B. What are the basic features of MSK modulation?
C. Why the frequencies below 30 MHz can not be used for cellular communication?
D. Why ‘fading’ is more spectacular in mobile networks? What is ‘fading margin’? Write
empirical formula for fading margin.
E. What refinements does ‘Hata’ provide over ‘Okumura’ outdoor propagation model? Up to what
distance Hata model compare very closely to the Okumura model?

2. Assume the transmitter power is 1 W at 60 GHz fed into the transmitter antenna. Using an isotropic
antenna at both the transmitter and receiver:
1. Calculate the free space path loss at 1m and 100m.
2. Calculate the received signal power at these distances.
3. What is the rms voltage received at the antenna if the receiver antenna has purely real
impedance of 50Ω and is matched to the receiver.

3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the two-ray ground reflection model in the analysis of
path loss. Clearly justify whether this can be applied in the following cases:
ht = 35 m, ht = 3 m, d = 250 m;
ht = 30 m, ht = 1.5 m, d = 450 m;

4. What do you understand by ‘Time delay spread’? Define ‘Coherent BW’. Explain small-scale
fading types based on Doppler spread and coherence time.
Plot the frequency response of the channel h(t) = δ(t) – α 2δ(t-τ) for α2 = 0.3j and τ = 10
microseconds. From the results obtained, what is the approximate maximum bandwidth over which
the channel could be considered frequency-flat?

5. What are the different techniques to improve BER a mobile communication system? Explain the
transmitter and receiver if space and time diversity techniques are used.

If a baseband binary message with a bit rate Rb = 100 kbps is modulated by an RF carrier using
BPSK:
i. Find the range of values required for the rms delay spread of the channel such that the
received signal is a flat-fading signal.
ii. If the modulation carrier frequency is 5.8 GHz, what is the coherence time of the channel,
assuming a vehicle speed of 30 miles per hour?