Adverbials

 An adverbial gives us extra information about the time, place or the manner of an action.
 Through adverbials we find the answers to the questions like:

Where / when / how / why / how much / how long / how often

I have been living in L.A since 2002. (where and how long?)

I moved here in 2002 because of better job opportunities. (when and why?)

They can be classified into three groups:

 Adverbs

 Adverbial Phrases

 Adverbial Clauses

As Adverbs
They modify the verb of the sentence and they are mostly used at the end of the sentences
ending in -ly.

The teacher looked at me anxiously.

My father always drives very carefully.

Note:

Not all the adverbs of manner end in –ly, there are a few exceptions like these:

Hard / fast / late / straight

In order to pass his exams, he studied very hard. Don’t drive fast.

As Adverbial Phrases
They are composed of a group of two or more words modifying a verb.

We decided to take part in this film in May last September.

I tried to drive as carefully as I could, but I couldn't avoid hitting the tree.
I will escape as far as I can.
As Adverbial Clauses
An adverbial clause is a dependent sentence which has a function of an adverb.
See reducing adverbial clauses.

They can be classified into six groups:

 Time: when / while / after / before / as soon as / by the time / since / until / as / as

long as etc.

 Reason: because / since / as / seeing that / inasmuch as / now that / on the grounds

that

 Purpose: so that / in order that / lest / in case / for the purpose that / for fear that

 Contrast: although / though / even though / whereas / notwithstanding / much as

 Comparison: as if / as though

 Condition: if / provided(ing) (that) / so long as / unless / only if / even if / on condition

that

When my father came, I had already finished my homework.

Seeing that it was raining we decided not to go out.
In order that I can improve my English I have decided to go to England.
Although she is so beautiful I won’t marry her.
He speaks as if he was an expert.
If you finish your assignment early you can go out with your friends.