IRISH B.

ALBON MODULE 2 November 13, 2020

BSCE 3 – A LIGHT SYSTEM AND DESIGN CALCULATION

Task #1
Multiple Choice questions.
Direction: Choose the letter and the words of the correct answer.

1. c. Housing
2. b. Average initial illuminance
3. a. Average maintained illuminance
4. c. Ballast
5. d. Beacon lighting
6. b. Candela
7. b. Lamp lumen depreciation factor
8. a. Light loss factor
9. c. Lamp life
10. b. Illuminance

Task #2
Essay
Direction: Answer the following question comprehensively. 5 points each.

1. Explain the relationship between the floor area to the average maintained illumination on
a certain space?

➢ The quantity of light reaching a certain surface is usually the main consideration in
designing a lighting system. The luminance from the room’s surfaces must be
relative to the luminance from the working plane. The illuminance must be
maintained throughout the life of the installation and must take account of the
reduction of light reaching the working plane due to dust collection, lamp ageing
and deterioration of decor.

2. Why is it in lighting system, it is important to consider maintenance factor?

➢ Maintenance factors are an important consideration in the planning of lighting

installations. It takes into account such factors as decreased efficiency with age,
accumulation of dust within the fitting itself and the depreciation of reflectance as
walls and ceilings age. The reduction of illuminance is due to the accumulation of
dirt and dust on room surfaces, failing lamps, and dirt on the luminaire. This highly
affects on reducing reflectance and light output from luminaire. Hence, the
maintenance factor helps to correctly predict and ensure the correct level of light
is delivered at the end of a fixture’s life.

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3. What is the difference between Light Emitting Diodes and Tungsten Filament Bulb?
Explain your answer in terms of power consumptions, heat emitted, illumination given, etc.

➢ LED last longer, more durable, and offer comparable or better light quality than
other types of lighting. It use at least 75% less energy and last 25 times longer.
LEDs are the size of a fleck of pepper, and a mix of red, green, and blue LEDs is
typically used to make white light. LEDs emit light in a specific direction, reducing
the need for reflectors and diffusers that can trap light. This feature makes LEDs
more efficient for many uses such as recessed downlights and task lighting. With
other types of lighting, the light must be reflected to the desired direction and more
than half of the light may never leave the fixture. LEDs emit very little heat. In
comparison, incandescent bulbs release 90% of their energy as heat and CFLs
release about 80% of their energy as heat.

➢ The tungsten filament bulb’s temperature is about 2800–3300 K and consists of a

linear double-ended quartz tube containing a tungsten filament, which is resistively
heated. The higher voltage will produce higher proportion of visual light, but will
reduce the life of the bulb.

4. Which technology is more appropriate for a particular institutional or commercial facility,

LEDs or fluorescents? Explain each.

➢ Fluorescent technology has been generally representing a high efficiency way to

provide lighting over a vast area. The lights are much more efficient as well as
longer lasting than incandescent bulbs, however, they fail in both categories when
compared to LED. Fluorescent lights contain toxic mercury. Fluorescent lights age
significantly if they are frequently switched on and off. Fluorescent lights are
omnidirectional. Therefore, it’s not appropriate for a particular institutional or
commercial facility.

➢ The light-emitting diode (LED) is one of today's most energy-efficient and rapidly-
developing lighting technologies. New LEDs can last 50,000 to 100,000 hours or
more. The typical lifespan for a fluorescent bulb, by comparison, is 10-25% as long
at best (roughly 10,000 hours). There are several reasons that it is very appropriate
for a particular institutional or commercial facility. The fact that they waste very little
energy in the form of infrared radiation much different than most conventional lights
to include fluorescent lights, and they emit light directionally over 180 degrees
versus 360 degrees, which means there are far fewer losses from the need to
redirect or reflect light. It’s very high light quality, very low maintenance costs and
hassle and they are also adaptable for large public areas

5. Why Fluorescent Tube Light Is Considered Better Than Tungsten Filament Bulb?

➢ Fluorescent light bulbs are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs. They
take time to reach their full brightness and tend to be slightly more expensive than
incandescent bulbs but last much longer. The newer and more technologically
advanced fluorescent lamps have better characteristics compared to incandescent
bulbs. Efficiency is very important.

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Task #3
Essay
Direction: Answer the following problems, show your solution properly.

1. A school classroom having a general dimension of 24 ft. x 30 ft. is to be lighted at an

average foot-candle of 50. How many 4 – lamp fixtures with an output per lamp of 3200
lumens are required? Assume coefficient of utilization = 0.35 and maintenance factor =
0.70. (10 pts)

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2. In an experiment with a bar photometer it was found that two lamps produced the same
illuminance when the screen was 40 cm from a standard lamp and 160 cm from a second
lamp. The standard lamp was rated at 8.00 cd. Determine (a) the luminous intensity of the
second lamp, (b) the overall luminous efficiency of the second lamp if it used 150W of
power. (20 pts)

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3. It is desired to increase the illuminance of an unshaded lamp by 5 times and the lamp is
3 m above the table, to what height should the lamp be lowered? (10 pts)

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4. An unshaded lamp is placed 95 ft. from the screen of a photometer. If a glass is placed
between the screen and the lamp, the lamp must be moved 5 cm closer to the screen to
produce the same illumination as before. The glass blocks what percent of the light
produced by the lamp? (10 pts)

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5. A football pitch 120m x 60m is to be illuminated for night play by similar banks of equal
1000 W lamps supported on twelve towers which are distributed around the ground to
provide approximately uniform illumination on the pitch. Assuming that 40% of the total
light emitted reaches the playing pitch and that an illumination of 1000 lx is necessary for
television purposes, determine the number of lamps on each tower. The overall efficiency
of the lamp is taken to be 30 lumen per watt. (10 pts)