5.

3 Stress Increase Due to Applied Load—Westergaard’s Solution.................... 175

5.3.1 Point Load........................................................................................... 175
5.3.2 Uniformly Loaded Flexible Circular Area......................................... 176
5.3.3 Uniformly Loaded Flexible Rectangular Area................................... 176
5.4 Elastic Settlement........................................................................................... 177
5.4.1 Flexible and Rigid Foundations.......................................................... 177
5.4.2 Elastic Parameters............................................................................... 180
5.4.3 Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clays................................... 181
5.4.4 Foundations on Sand—Correlation with Standard
Penetration Resistance........................................................................ 183
5.4.4.1 Terzaghi and Peck’s Correlation........................................... 184
5.4.4.2 Meyerhof’s Correlation......................................................... 184
5.4.4.3 Peck and Bazaraa’s Method.................................................. 185
5.4.4.4 Burland and Burbidge’s Method........................................... 186
5.4.5 Foundations on Granular Soil—Use of Strain Influence Factor........ 189
5.4.6 Foundations on Granular Soil—Settlement Calculation Based
on Theory of Elasticity....................................................................... 193
5.4.7 Analysis of Mayne and Poulos Based on the Theory
of Elasticity—Foundations on Granular Soil..................................... 201
5.4.8 Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Granular
Soil—Iteration Procedure...................................................................205
5.5 Primary Consolidation Settlement.................................................................208
5.5.1 General Principles of Consolidation Settlement.................................208
5.5.2 Relationships for Primary Consolidation Settlement Calculation...... 210
5.5.3 Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation
Settlement........................................................................................... 216
5.6 Secondary Consolidation Settlement............................................................. 222
5.6.1 Secondary Compression Index........................................................... 222
5.6.2 Secondary Consolidation Settlement.................................................. 223
5.7 Differential Settlement...................................................................................224
5.7.1 General Concept of Differential Settlement.......................................224
5.7.2 Limiting Value of Differential Settlement Parameters....................... 225
References............................................................................................................... 227

Chapter 6
Dynamic Bearing Capacity and Settlement............................................................ 229
6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 229
6.2 Effect of Load Velocity on Ultimate Bearing Capacity................................. 229
6.3 Ultimate Bearing Capacity under Earthquake Loading................................ 231
6.4 Settlement of Foundation on Granular Soil Due to Earthquake Loading......240
6.5 Foundation Settlement Due to Cyclic Loading—Granular Soil.................... 242
6.5.1 Settlement of Machine Foundations...................................................244
6.6 Foundation Settlement Due to Cyclic Loading in Saturated Clay................. 250
6.7 Settlement Due to Transient Load on Foundation.......................................... 253
References............................................................................................................... 257
Chapter 7
Shallow Foundations on Reinforced Soil............................................................... 259
7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 259
7.2 Foundations on Metallic-Strip–Reinforced Granular Soil............................. 259
7.2.1 Metallic Strips..................................................................................... 259
7.2.2 Failure Mode....................................................................................... 259
7.2.3 Forces in Reinforcement Ties............................................................. 262
7.2.4 Factor of Safety Against Tie Breaking
and Tie Pullout.................................................................................... 263
7.2.5 Design Procedure for a Continuous Foundation................................. 265
7.3 Foundations on Geogrid-Reinforced Granular Soil....................................... 270
7.3.1 Geogrids.............................................................................................. 270
7.3.2 General Parameters............................................................................. 272
7.3.3 Relationships for Critical Nondimensional Parameters
for Foundations on Geogrid-Reinforced Sand.................................... 274
7.3.3.1 Critical Reinforcement–Depth Ratio.................................... 276
7.3.3.2 Critical Reinforcement–Width Ratio.................................... 276
7.3.3.3 Critical Reinforcement–Length Ratio.................................. 276
7.3.3.4 Critical Value of u/B............................................................. 277
7.3.4 BCRu for Foundations with Depth of Foundation
Df Greater Than Zero.......................................................................... 278
7.3.4.1 Settlement at Ultimate Load................................................. 278
7.3.5 Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
on Geogrid-Reinforced Sand..............................................................280
7.3.6 Tentative Guidelines for Bearing Capacity Calculation
in Sand................................................................................................ 281
7.3.7 Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded
Strip Foundation................................................................................. 282
7.3.8 Settlement of Foundations on Geogrid-Reinforced Soil
Due to Cyclic Loading........................................................................ 283
7.3.9 Settlement Due to Impact Loading..................................................... 286
References............................................................................................................... 289

Chapter 8
Uplift Capacity of Shallow Foundations................................................................. 291
8.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 291
8.2 Foundations in Sand....................................................................................... 291
8.2.1 Balla’s Theory..................................................................................... 291
8.2.2 Theory of Meyerhof and Adams......................................................... 294
8.2.3 Theory of Vesic................................................................................... 301
8.2.4 Saeddy’s Theory.................................................................................304
8.2.5 Discussion of Various Theories..........................................................306
8.3 Foundations in Saturated Clay (f = 0 condition)............................................309
8.3.1 Ultimate Uplift Capacity—General...................................................309
8.3.2 Vesic’s Theory..................................................................................... 310
8.3.3 Meyerhof’s Theory.............................................................................. 311
 8.3.4 Modifications to Meyerhof’s Theory.................................................. 311
8.3.5 Three-Dimensional Lower Bound Solution........................................ 315
8.3.6 Factor of Safety................................................................................... 317
References............................................................................................................... 317

Index ...................................................................................................................... 319