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2.2 Physical Quantities Characterizing The Magnetic Properties of Matter. Classification of Materials For Their Magnetic Properties PDF
2.2 Physical Quantities Characterizing The Magnetic Properties of Matter. Classification of Materials For Their Magnetic Properties PDF
of Ferromagnetism
M χH
Magnetic induction. Magnetic permeability
In the case that M is not linear in H, the differential magnetic
susceptibility is used
M H
χH
H
Magnetic induction
B H 4πχM μH
Magnetic permeability
μ 1 4πχ
M H
B H
χ0
μ 1
Some examples:
Water
Nitrogen
Salt
Gold
Noble gases
Perfect diamagnetic materials
Superconductors are called the perfect diamagnetic
materials.
Examples of superconductors: mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn).
1
M H
4π
B0
1
χ
4π
μ0
Paramagnetic materials
Paramagnetic materials can form internal, induced
magnetic field in the direction of the applied external
magnetic field.
M H
B H
χ 0
μ 1
M 0 at H 0
B 4πM
"χ "
"μ "
Examples: Examples:
Chromium Ferrites
Manganese Double fluorides (RbNiF3, CsFeF3)
Rare earth metals Some sulfides and selenides.
Summary
In this lesson we have introduced the following
physical quantities: magnetization, magnetic
susceptibility, magnetic induction and magnetic
permeability
All materials may be categorized according to their
magnetization in an external magnetic field
Materials can be magnetic and nonmagnetic
Magnetic materials are divided into five categories:
diamagnetic materials, paramagnetic materials,
ferromagnetic materials, antiferromagnetic
materials and ferrimagnetic materials
Superconductors are perfect diamagnetic
materials