Objective:

The purpose of this experiment to study the static pressure and velocity
distribution on outer, inner and radial walls for a 90o rectangular cross-
section bending duct.

Introduction:
The engineer is frequently presented with problems of flow contained
within tubes and ducts. Such flows may be classified as internal flows to
distinguish them from flows over bodies such aero foils called external
flows A rectangular cross-sectional area duct was connected to apparatus.
to measure the pressure distribution on three sides of this duct. A 10
pressure taps are mounted at outer bending wall, 10 pressure taps are
mounted on the inner bending wall, and 9 pressure taps are mounted on
two radial sides of that duct. All of these taps are connected to multi-
tubes manometer as clear in that figure, and according to Bernoulli’s
equation and pressure coefficient laws, the velocity of air can be
estimated at each side of this duct.

1
Procedure:
The pressure tapping along the outer wall, the reference tapping 0 and the
pressure tapping in the airbox are all connected to the manometer. The air speed
is adjusted to a value slightly below the maximum, as indicated by the airbox
pressure, and the pressure are recorded. (The setting of air speed slightly below
the maximum is to insure that the same setting may be repeated in later tests).
The tapping on the inner wall are then connected in place of the ones on the outer
wall. The airbox pressure is adjusted to the previous value and a further set of
readings are recorded. Finally the procedure is repeated with the third set of
pressure tapping.

2
Result and Calculation:


γ water ×h /1000 Ht=169-100=69mm
Pt =
= 9810 * 69\1000
=676.89 (N/m2)


γ water ×h /1000 Hs=106-100=6mm
Pstatic =
= 9810 * 6\1000
=58.86 (N/m2)

 (Pt-p o ) = 676.89 - 58.86 = 617.94

Table 1 Measured values of pressures and velocities at outer and inner walls :
No. Outer wall Inner wall
p Cp p Cp
(h) (N/m2) (h) (N/m2)
(mm) (mm)
1
107 68.6 0.015 105 49.05 -0.015

2 110 98.1 0.06 100 0 -0.09

3 120 196.2 0.22 80 -196.2 -0.41
4 130 294.3 0.38 50 -490.5 -0.88
5 132 313.9 0.41 48 -510.1 -0.92
6 118 176.5 0.16 43 -559.1 -0.99
7 129 284.4 0.36 47 -519.9 -0.93
8 105 49.05 -0.015 62 -372.7 -0.69
9 100 0 -0.09 94 -58.8 -0.19
10 96 -39.2 -0.15 98 -19.6 -0.12

 calculate pressure in any point and pressure static with total

pressure by this formula :

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 γ water ×(h−100 )/1000 = 9810×(h−100)/1000 (N/m2)
p=

 calculate ( Cp) by this equation :

p any point− pstatic
Cp =
ptotal− pstatic

p any point−58.8 68.6−58.8

Cp =
676.8−58.8
= 676.8−58.8
= 0.015

Table2 Cp calculation for a number of values of (r) :

r v Cp
(mm) V
50 1.44 -0.44
55 1.31 -0.31
60 1.2 -0.2
70 1.03 -0.03
75 0.96 0.04
80 0.9 0.1
85 0.84 0.16
90 0.8 0.2
95 0.75 0.25
100 0.72 0.28

v
 We calculate V by this equation

v 72.13
V = r

 And we calculate( Cp) of radius bu this equation :

v 72.13 72.13
Cp = 1 -
V
= 1- r
= 1- 50
= - 0.44

Discussion:

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The distribution of pressure over the curved walls of a 90° bend of
rectangular section has been established by pressure plotting. The
pressure coefficient is negative and almost constant round the inner wall,
and positive and almost constant round the outer wall.
In outer wall the liquid head (h) is directly proportionality to pressure at
any point so when the liquid height increase pressure will be increase. As
the pressure at any point increase and the coefficient pressure also
increase as we can see in the table. In inner wall as the liquid head (h)
decrease the the pressure at any point and and the coefficient pressure
decrease.
In Table 2 the coefficient pressure Cp can be calculated by radius, as the
radius increase the the coefficient pressure Cp will increase. And having
positive value of coefficient pressure Cp.