HYDRAULICS:

BUOYANCY

By: ENGR. MARIA YSABELLA MOSCOSO

3 BUOYANCY AND FLOATATION
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE

“An immersed body (completely or partially submerged) in a fluid is

buoyed upward by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaced”
BUOYANT FORCE
Is the upward force exerted by the fluid and is consequence
of pressure increasing with depth.
FLOATING BODY (FLOATATION): TOTALLY SUBMERGED BODY:
l.s
Wair BF = δfVd Vd = Vo
Wair
Ve
l.s W = δoVo BF = δfVo
Vd
Vd
W = BF Wwater = Wair – BF
BF
δoVo = δfVd BF BF = Wair – Wwater
Wwater
 EXAMPLE 1 Buoyancy on a Total Submerged Body

QUESTION: A stone weighs 460N in air. When submerged in water, it weighs 300N.
a. Find the buoyant force exerted by the water on the stone.
b. Find the total volume of the stone.
c. Find the weight density of the stone.
d. Find the specific gravity of the stone.
c. W
FIGURE: SOLUTION: δ = air
Vo
l.s a. 460N
BF = Wair – Wwater δ=
Wair 0.016 m3
BF = 460N – 300N
δ = 28,750 N/m3
BF = 160N
d. δo
stone Gs =
b.
BF = δfVd = δfVo δw
BF 28,750 N/m 3
160N = (9810 N/m3)Vo =
9810 N/m3
Wwater Vo = 0.016 m3 G = 2.931
s
EXAMPLE 2 Buoyancy on a Floating Body

QUESTION:
A cube with an edge of 0.2m and S.G. of 0.8 is floating in water.
a. What is the volume that is submerged in water?
b. What is the volume of the cube that is exposed in air?

FIGURE: SOLUTION:

Wair a. δoVo = δfVd

0.2m Ve GsδwVo = δfVd
l.s (0.8)(9.81kN/m3)(0.2m)3 = (9.81kN/m3)Vd
0.2m Vd Vd = 0.0064 m3
0.2m
b. Vo = Ve + Vd
BF Ve = Vo – Vd
Ve = (0.2m)3 – 0.0064m3
Ve = 0.0016m3
 HYDRAULICS :
STABILITY OF
FLOATING BODIES

By: ENGR. MARIA YSABELLA MOSCOSO

4 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
Any floating body is subjected by two opposing vertical forces:
1 BODY’S WEIGHT (W)
which is downward and always acting at the center of gravity (G).
2 BUOYANT FORCE (BF)
which is upward and always acting at the center of buoyancy (Bo).

W and BF are always equal and if these forces are collinear, the body will
be in upright position as shown below.
W
Where:
G l.s
B – width of the body (m).
D Bo D – draft or depth of flotation (m).
BF
B
4 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
W and BF are always equal and if these forces are collinear, the body will
be in upright position as shown below.
W
A floating body is stable, when it is displaced, it
G l.s returns to equilibrium.
D Bo
A floating body is unstable, when it is
BF displaced, it will not return to equilibrium.
B

Where:
B – width of the body (m).
D – draft or depth of flotation (m).
4 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
1 M coincides with G 2 M is above G 3 M is below G

RM OM
W W
M
G M l.s
W G
M
D Bo l.s
G
l.s Bo
BF Bo’
Bo Bo’
B
BF
x

Neutral equilibrium Stable Equilibrium Unstable Equilibrium

B2
For Rectangular Sections:
MBo = [ 1+0.5tan2 θ]
12D
4 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
The body may tilt from many causes like wind or wave action causing
the center of buoyancy to shift to a new position Bo’ as shown below.

1 RIGHTING MOMENT (RM) 2 OVERTURNING MOMENT (OM) METACENTRIC HEIGHT (MG)

RM MG = MBo ± GBo
OM
M W Values of Mbo:
W
G For Rectangular Sections:
G M
l.s l.s
B2
Bo Bo MBo = [ 1+0.5tan2 θ]
Bo’ Bo’ 12D
x BF For other sections:
BF x
Approx:
Exact:
RM or OM = Wx = W(MG sinθ) vs I
MBo = MBo =
Vsinθ V
4 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
Where: B – width of the body (m).
D – draft or depth of flotation (m).
s V – total volume submerged (m3).
l.s G – center of gravity of the body in the upright position.
θ Bo – center of buoyancy of the body in the upright position.
Bo’ – center of buoyancy of the body in the tilted position.
M – metacenter; point of intersection between the
buoyant force and the tilted axis of the body which
determines its stability.
MG - metacentric height; distance between the
axis of tilting

metacenter and the center of gravity of the body

L which measures its stability.
θ – angle of tilting
v – volume of the wedge of immersion/emersion (m3)
s – horizontal distance between the centroids of v’s (m)
I – moment of inertia of an area which is the top view of
the body at the level of the liquid surface with respect
B to the axis of tilting (m4).
 EXAMPLE 2 Stability of a Floating Body (Righting Moment)

QUESTION: If the center of the gravity of a ship in the upright position is 10m
above the center of gravity of the portion ubder water, the
displacement being 1000metric tons, and the ship is tipped 30 degrees
causing the center of buoyancy to shift sideways by 8m.
a. Find the location of the metacenter from the bottom of the ship if its
draft is 3m
b. Metacentric Height
SOLUTION:
 EXAMPLE 3 Stability of a Floating Body (Righting Moment)

QUESTION: The center of gravity of a ship in upright position is 11.5m above the
center of gravity of the portion below water, the displacement being
16MN. The ship tilts 30 degrees causing the center of buoyancy shift to
sidewise 9.2m. Is the moment righting or overturning? What is the
magniutude of the moment?

SOLUTION:
 EXAMPLE 1 Stability of a Floating Body (Righting Moment)

QUESTION: A rectangular barge has a dimension of 30m long, 10m wide and 3
m depth. It weighs 5000kN when loaded, with its center of gravity along
the vertical axis is 4m from the bottom of the barge. The barge is floating
in seawater having a specific gravity of 1.01
a. Determine the draft of the barge in sea water
b. Determine the metacentric height of barge due to rolling
c. Determine the metacentric height of barge due to pitching
SOLUTION:
 ASSIGNMENT

QUESTION: A rectangular scow=w 9m wide, 15m long and 3.6m hug weighs
3304kN.
a. What is the draft in sea water weighing 10.2kN/m3?
b. What is the metacentric height if its center of gravity is 2.7m above
the bottom?
c. If the scow tilts until its one side is just at the point of submergence ,
determine the righting couple
SOLUTION: