EXAMS OFFICE

2 hrs 30 mins 27 / 11 /2020 USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) CIVN4010

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING

Examination/Test* to be held during

month(s) of (*delete as applicable) November 27, 2020

Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank) FOURTH

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed BSc (Eng)
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)

Faculty/ies presenting candidates ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Internal examiner(s) and

Telephone extension number(s) PROF A TAIGBENU x77136

External examiner(s) Dr W NYABEZE

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing paper, maps, Graph paper
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Course CIVN4010/
Hours
Time allowance No(s) CIVN4010A 2hrs 30 mins

 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Instructions to candidates
(Examiners may wish to use this space  Students are allowed into the exam venue with 1 A4-
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution sheet of hand-written formulas.
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf
QUESTION 1

The 50-year flow into twin rectangular culverts is 12 m3/s. The height of the rectangular culverts
is 0.6 m and the maximum allowable headwater is 2.5 m while the tailwater elevation is 0.4 m.
Using the following data: Manning n=0.018, Entrance loss coefficient = 0.5, slope of culvert =
0.015, and headwall and endwall characteristics: K=0.061; M=0.75, c=0.04 and Y=0.8, determine
the size of the twin rectangular culverts of 50 m length that will pass this flow without exceeding
the allowable maximum head water. Clearly state the recommended size of culvert.
[20 marks]

QUESTION 2
A 300 m long siphon spillway is of uniform rectangular section 3m wide and 3m deep. The crest
radius is 8 m and the length from the entrance to the crest along the centre line is 40m. The entry
head loss is 0.5V2/2g, bend loss is 0.8V2/2g where V is the mean velocity in the siphon, and the
Darcy-Weishbach friction factor is 0.03.
(i) Determine the discharge when the siphon is fully primed and flows under a head of
14m. (7 marks)
(ii) If the pressure head at the crest is -5.3 m, determine the upstream water level above
the crest. (9 marks)
(iii) Determine the pressure at the hood. (4 marks)

QUESTION 3
A pump is installed to deliver water from a ground tank to an elevated tank with a 40 m static
water difference between both tanks. The pipe is 2 km long and has a diameter of 600 mm. The
pipe friction head losses for various flows are presented in Table Q3 when it is new and after 15
years. The pump characteristics are presented in Figure Q3. (Note: the solution can be
implemented in Figure Q3 and submitted with the answer booklet.)
(i) When the pipeline is new, determine the head delivered by the pump, its discharge and
power requirement. (7 marks)
(ii) After 15 years of operation, determine the head, discharge and power when two similar
pumps with pump characteristics, presented in Figure Q3, are connected in parallel.
(7 Marks)

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 (iii) After 15 years of operation, determine the head, discharge and power when two similar
pumps with pump characteristics, presented in Figure Q3, are connected in series.
(7 marks)
Table Q3
Discharge (l/s) Pipe head loss when new (m) Pipe head loss after 15 years (m)
0 0 0
403 0.5 1.7
80 2.0 3.5
120 3.6 8.0
160 7.5 16.0
200 13.0 28.0

Student No: ………………………………………….

(Attach the completed graph with your Answer script)

Figure Q3: Pump characteristic curves for Question 3

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Question 4
Implement only one iteration to determine the flows in the pipes and hydraulic heads at the
junctions of the network in Figure Q5. Use the initial estimates of the flows (in litres/sec) that are
indicated in Figure Q5 to start the solution iteration process. Use hL =KQ2, where hL is the head
loss in metres, K is given for each pipe in Table Q5 and Q is in m3/s.
Clearly indicate the flows and their directions in each pipe after the first iteration.
Furthermore, calculate the hydraulic head at each node after the first iteration. (25 marks)

Table Q5
Pipe AB BC BD DE CE CF
Length (m) 800 1000 900 1000 1000 800
Diameter (mm) 900 600 600 600 600 900
K 70 120 130 120 120 70

Figure Q4

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QUESTION 5

A 3.0 km long, 3.0 m diameter penstock leads from a reservoir to the turbines of a hydroelectric
scheme. The penstock, with a Darcy friction factor of 0.02, delivers a flow of 16 m3/s to the
turbine. A surge chamber of 10m diameter is located just upstream of the turbine. If the minor
loss coefficient is 2.0 (relative to the velocity head in the pipeline), estimate the water levels in
the surge chamber and the velocity in the pipeline at times, t = 10, 20 and 30 seconds.
(14 marks)