Tutorial 1 : Introduction to organic chemistry

1. Define the term hybridization.

2. State three (3) types of hybridization with each molecular geometry and angle.
3. Predict the types of hybridization of methane, ethane and ethyne.
4. State four (4) ways in writing the structural formula of organic compound.
5. Draw the expanded and skeletal formula each organic compound:
i. CH3CH2CH2CH3
ii. CH3CH2F
iii. CH2BrCH2CH2Br
iv. CH3(CH2)3CH3
v. CH3CH2COOH
vi. CH2=CHCH2Cl
6. State the molecular formula of the organic compound given at question No (5).
7. Draw the expanded structural formula for the following line skeletal structures.

8. Construct a complete structural formula by adding hydrogen to compound A and

compound B. Then write the molecular formula for each compound.

9. Write the condensed structural formula for the following structure.

10. Define the term electrophile and neuclophile

11. Indicates whether the following species are electrophile or neuclophile.
i. H2O
ii. Cl2
 iii. NO2+
iv. CH2=CH2
12. Define isomers and name two (2) types of isomers.
13. Define constitutional isomers and name three (3) types of it.
14. Identify whether these two structural formula represent constitutional isomers to each
other.

15. Draw two (2) isomers and suggest the type of isomerism shown for each of the following
compound. H H H CH3
i. C5H12
CH3 CH3 CH3 H
ii. C3H6O2 cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane
iii. C4H9Br
16. H Htwo (2) types of it.
Define stereoisomer and name H CH3

17. Draw the geometrical isomers of C

CH3 CH H Br.
32 2 CH3 H
18. Name the types cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
of geometrical isomers for eachtrans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
cyclic compound given.

Cl H
Cl Cl
H Cl
H H
cis-1,3-dichlorocyclohexane
19. Define chiral atom or asymmetric carbon atom. trans-1,3-dichlorocyclohexane
20. Differentiate between enantiomers and diasteriomers.
21. 2-bromobutane (CH3CHBrCH2CH3) is an optically active compound. Identify two (2)
possible enantiomers for 2-bromobutane.
22. Consider the following compound.

i. Find four (4) chiral centers in the compound above.

ii. Identify four (4) functional group in the compound above.

23. Define the term functional group.

24. Name the classes of organic compound present in the compound.

25. State the principle of polarity.

26. Explain the solubility of polar organic compound in water.
27. Select and explain which compounds have higher boiling point.
i. CH3CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3
ii. CH3CH2CH3 and CH3(CH2)3CH