May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
Author William D. Klopp
1 General
Type 4330V is one of a group of low-alloy steels of
similar composition based on the Type 4340 composi¬
tion. These steels derive their high strengths from
hardening and tempering treatments which produce a
martensitic microstructure. The lower-carbon content
of Type 4330V improves its performance in the areas
of fracture toughness, weldability, and general
fabricability with minimal reduction in strength relative
to Type 4340. The presence of vanadium in Type
4330V provides improved hardenability and imparts
some secondary strengthening. A further addition of
1.5 percent silicon has been shown to give additional
strength improvement. This modification, termed
Type 4330V (Mod + Si), has been studied in the
laboratory but is not yet covered by AMS specifica¬
tions. The mechanical properties of Type 4330V can
be varied by varying the tempering conditions. It is
most frequently heat treated to a tensile strength of
220-240 ksi. Type 4330V is employed in a variety of
critical military, aerospace, and commercial applica¬
tions. High quality alloy produced by arc-melting and
vacuum degassing is the prime material for gun tubes
of 3-inch-diameter or larger because of its high ductility
and good resistance to cold impact. Type 4330V is
also widely used for both civil and military landing
gear applications (Refs. 24, 25, and 26).
1.1 Commercial Designation
4330V.
1.2 Alternate Designations
4330, 4330 Mod, 4330V Mod, 4330V (Mod + Si), UNS
J23260 (Castings), UNS K23080 (Bars, Forgings, Tubing).
1.3 Specifications
1.3.1 [Table] AMS Specifications.
1.4 Composition
1.4.1 [Table] Specified Compositions.
1.5 Heat Treatment
1.5.1 General. The effects of microalloying with vanadium
on hardenability in high-strength, low-alloy steels
such as Type 4330V are complex but have received
attention in recent years. Vanadium is the most effec¬
tive hardener of all the usual alloying elements in
steel, with a multiplying factor of about 1.4 at the 0.1
percent vanadium level based on the Jominy
hardenability test. At the same alloying level, molyb¬
denum has a hardenability multiplying factor of
slightly less, about 1.35. A synergistic effect is obtained
when both vanadium and molybdenum are present
so that their combined hardenability is greater than
the sum of their individual hardenabilities. However,
only that portion of the vanadium which is dissolved
in the austenite during the austenitizing heat treatment
© 1992 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
All Rights Reserved.
Ferrous Alloys • FbIJH
4330V
is effective in improving
hardenability. Vanadium
that is removed from
Fe
solution by precipitation
as carbide and/or nitride
0.03 C
does not contribute directly
to hardenability. 1.80 Ni
Hardenability studies have
shown that the effective¬ 0.80 Cr
ness of hardeners such as
vandium is decreased at 0.40 Mo
very high austenitizing
temperatures, particularly
above 2200F. It has been
0.07 V
suggested that at low
austenitizing tempera¬
tures, dissolved vanadium
preferentially segregates to austentite grain boundaries,
possibly as clusters with carbon or nitrogen, and
inhibits grain-boundary nucleation of non-martensitic
transformation products, thereby increasing hardenability.
Conversely, high austenitizing temperatures cause
the grain boundary segregation to be thermally
dispersed with a consequent loss in hardenability.
The austenitizing temperature must be higher than
the ferrite-to-austenite transformation temperature
(Aÿ), but it should be below the temperature at which
vanadium and molybdenum alloying additions lose their
hardening effectiveness (i.e., in the range 1440 to 2200F).
Vanadium also affects the response to tempering of
austenitized and quenched Type 4330V. Specifically,
vanadium retards softening during tempering at 600
to 11OOF by reducing precipitation of Fe3C, possibly
by slowing diffusion rates. Vanadium also promotes
secondary hardening by precipitation of VC at tem¬
peratures above about 950F. Secondary hardening is
at a maximum in the tempering temperature range
1100 to 1200F. Overageing and softening occur on
tempering above 1200F (Refs. 27, 28).
1.5.2 Normalizing: Heat to 1675 - 1775F, air cool. After
normalizing, tempering at 1250F gives a partially
spheroidized structure which may be preferable to an
annealed structure for easy machining (Ref. 29).
] 5 3 Annealing: Heat to 1550 - 1650F, furnace cool. Brinell
hardness should be 200 to 240 for easy machining.
ÿ Austenitizing: Heat to 1525 - 1625F, hold 15 minutes
per inch of thickness, oil quench (Ref. 29). (See
Sections 3.2 - 3.3 for effects of austenitizing tempera¬
ture and quenching on mechanical properties.)
1.5.5 Tempering: Heat to 400 - 1200F, air cool. Following
are approximate tempering temperatures for indi¬
cated strength ranges:
Fm 180 to 200 ksi, 950 to 1100F, 4 hr
Fm 200 to 220 ksi, 750 to 950F, 4 hr
Fÿ 220 to 240 ksi, 625 to 750F, 2 + 2 hi
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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
4330V
The maximum safe tempering temperature is about
1200F to avoid overageing and softening (Ref. 29).
(See Sections 3.2 - 3.3 for effects of tempering
temperature on mechanical properties.)
1.5.6 Stress Relieving: Heat to 400 - 450F, air cool. This
treatment is beneficial after machining of material
heat treated to high strength levels (Ref. 29).
1.5.7 Heat treatments should be conducted in a protective
atmosphere to prevent excessive surface decarburiza-
tion. Pure nitrogen, nitrogen-methanol blends, and
endothermic gas are adequate. Depths of decarburiza-
tion typically range from 0.002 to 0.0025 inch after
heat treatment in a nitrogen-based atmosphere (Ref. 30).
1.6 Hardness
1.6.1 [Figure] End quench hardenability.
1.6.2 [Figure] Hardness distribution in oil quenched bars of
different diameters.
1.6.3 [Figure] Effect of tempering temperature on hardness.
1.7 Forms and Conditions Available
1.7.1 Alloy is available in the full commercial range of sizes
for low-alloy steels in the form of bar, forging, plate,
and tubing.
1.7.2 All products are available in the annealed or normalized
condition, forgings also in heat-treated condition.
1.8 Melting and Casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt. Induction and consumable
electrode vacuum melts. (See Table 3.2.1.1.1 for effects
of melting practice on mechanical properties.)
1.9 Special Considerations
1.9.1 Decarburization, although less pronounced than in
the higher carbon steels, should not exceed a very
small amount, particularly for applications involving
repeated stresses. Decarburization or carburization
during normal heat treatment (normalization and
austenitization) should be avoided by using suitable,
neutral protective atmospheres, unless the surface
layer can be removed following heat treatment.
1.9.2 Material heat treated to Fm = 220 to 260 ksi requires
careful designing to keep stress concentrations at a
minimum, and special measures during fabrication
for 4337 and 4340 are given as guides:
(a) Decarburization must be completely removed.
(b) Straightening of heat-treated parts should be
limited to 1/4 degree and performed at
temperatures between 70 to 200F, followed by
retempering at 390 to 41OF, 4 hours. Straightened
sections must be shot peened.
(c) Grinding of heat-treated parts must be
performed with extreme caution and must
be followed by baking at 365 to 385F and
shot peening.
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May 1992 (revision)
(d) Scale and rust removal should be by machining,
sand blasting, or wet blasting.
(e) Vapor or solvent degreasing must be used.
Pickling and cathodic cleaning are prohibited
because of the susceptibility of inducing hy¬
drogen embrittlement.
(f) Plating must be followed by baking at 365 to
385F, 8 hours, minimum. If parts are plated
for oxidation protection before austenitizing,
this must be followed by baking at 350 to
400F, 3 hours.
(g) A final baking at 250F, 24 hours is required
to stabilize austenite. Alternatively, refrig¬
eration can be used. (Cleveland Pneumatic
Tool 1958). Honing to a depth not exceeding
0.010 inch may follow shot peening, but
grinding after peening is not permissible.
1.9.3 Hydrogen embrittlement is a problem if the steel is
heat treated to Fÿ above 200 ksi.
2 Physical Properties and Environmental
Effects
2.1 Thermal Properties
2.1.1 Melting Range, 2645 - 2845F.
2.1.2 Phase Changes.
2.1.2.1 Time-temperature-transformation diagrams.
2.1.2.2 Transformation temperatures. This steel
transforms from austenite to ferrite and
carbides on slow cooling and to martensite on
fast cooling. Critical temperatures (approximate):
Ae] = 1290F
Aÿ = 1340F (est)
Acl =1345-1364F (est)
Ac3 = 1430-1436F (est)
Arl = 61OF
Ar3 = 915F
M, = 576-640F (est)
Mÿ = 455F (est)
Mf = 360F (est)
(Refs. 5, 31, 32, 33.)
2.1.3 Thermal Conductivity, 22 Btu/ft/hr-ftÿF (Ref. 29);
29 Btu/ft/hr-ftÿF (Ref. 33).
2.1.4 Thermal Expansion.
2.1.4.1 [Figure] Mean coefficient of linear thermal
expansion.
2.1.5 Specific heat, 0.12 Btu/lb-F (70-212F) (Ref. 29);
0.16 Btu/lb-F (Ref. 33).
May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
2.1.6 Thermal Diffusivity, 0.37 ft2/hr (Ref. 33).
2.2 Other Physical Properties
2.2.1 Density.
2.2.1.1 [Figure] Effect of temperature on density.
2.2.2 Electrical Properties.
2.2.3 Magnetic Properties.
2.2.4 Emissivity.
2.2.5 Damping Capacity.
2.3 Chemical Environments
2.3.1 General Corrosion.
2.3.2 Stress Corrosion.
2.3.2.1 Type 4330V steel suffers from accelerated
stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in water, as
do other similar steels. The threshold stress
intensity for SCC in distilled water, shown in
Figure 2.3.2.2, is less than half the fracture
toughness for similarly quenched-and-
tempered materials, shown later in Figure
3.2.7.2.1. Although both the threshold stress
intensity and SCC crack-growth rate vary with
austenitizing temperature, the controlling
factor appears to be grain boundary segregation
of phosphorus and sulfur rather than grain
size (with which fracture toughness is better
correlated). The threshold stress intensity for
SCC is least after final austenitizing at 1598F
and is similar for both large-grained and
small-grained material. The highest threshold
stress intensity is observed for material
austenitized at 2012F. As shown in Figure
2.3.2.3, large- and small-grained material
austenitized at 1598F had similar high SCC
crack-growth rates, while material
austenitized at 2012F had the lowest. Inter-
granular fracture and grain boundary segre¬
gation of phosphorus and sulfur were
observed in specimens austenitized at 1598 or
1832F, while transgranular fracture and lack
of detectable segregation of these elements
characterized the materials austenitized at
2012 and 2192F. These observations indicate that
hydrogen embrittlement, which is generally
accepted as the mechanism of SCC of
high-strength steels in water, is likely to be
enhanced along grain boundaries by low-
temperature austenitizing. It is suggested
that the enhanced hydrogen embrittlement
is related to increased phosphorus and sulfur
segregation and consequent increased hydrogen
trapping at grain boundaries after austenitizing
at lower temperatures, resulting in decreased
resistance to SCC. At higher temperatures,
grain boundary segregation and hydrogen
Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4330V
embrittlement are both decreased, leading to
improved stress corrosion resistance (Refs.
34, 35).
2.3.2.2 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing temperature on
threshold stress intensity for stress corrosion
cracking in distilled water at 95F.
2.3.2.3 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing temperature
on state IIconstant crack-growth rate during
stress corrosion in distilled water at 95F.
2.3.2.4 The threshold stress intensity for SCC in
aqueous 3.5 percent NaCl solution is reported
as 25 ksi (in)1/2 using 0.5-inch thick cantilever-
loaded specimens tempered at 500F (Ref. 36).
This value is close to those shown in Figure
2.3.2.2, indicating similar behavior in both
distilled water and saline solutions.
2.3.2.5 High-strength steels such as Type 4330 are
also susceptible to both general corrosion and
stress corrosion during long-time exposures
to marine atmosphere. Two-point loaded
stress corrosion specimens of Type 4330, 0.08
to 0.24 inch thick, were initially exposed in
low-velocity seawater for 6 months and then
re-exposed to marine atmosphere at Kure
Beach, North Carolina, for 4 years. After this
time, they were removed from test due to
severe corrosion although no cracks were
found. Thirty additional two-point loaded
welded specimens were exposed to marine
atmosphere for 24 years. Five specimens
failed during this exposure due to cracking
while the other 25 were discontinued from
further testing because of severe corrosion. In
contrast, a plate specimen of Type 4330
stressed by a circular weld was in satisfactory
condition after 22 years exposure to marine
atmosphere (Ref. 37).
2.4 Nuclear Environments
3 Mechanical Properties
3.1 Specified Mechanical Properties
3.1.1 [Table] AMS Specified Mechanical Properties.
3.2 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
3.2.1 Tension Stress-strain Diagrams and Tensile Properties.
3.2.1.1 Effects of melting.
3.2.1.1.1 [Table] Effects of melting practice on
mechanical properties.
3.2.1.2 Effects of austenitizing-
3.2.1.2.1 Increasing the austenitizing tempera¬
ture in the range 1598 to 2192F
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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
4330V
results in a progressive decrease in
yield and ultimate tensile strength
and in reduction in area, as shown
in Figure 3.2.1.2.2. These effects are
probably related to the increase in
austenite grain size.
3.2.1.2.2 IFigure] Effects of austenitizing
temperature on tensile properties.
3.2.1.2.3 The effects of mixed microstructures
comprised of martensite and bainite
are of interest because of the possi¬
bility of their occurrence when
Type 4330 and other low-alloy
steels are commercially processed
in heavy sections. Figure 3.2.1.2.4
shows the effects on tensile properties
of holding at 662F to develop a
mixed structure of martensite and
lower bainite and of holding at 932F
to develop a structure of martensite
plus upper bainite. Comparison of
the 662F-hold data with baseline data
for direct oil-quenched materials
indicates that intermediate holding
at this temperature causes a progres¬
sive decrease in tensile strength and
an increase in ductility (as measured
by RA). In contrast, holding for
longer times at 932F does not
significantly affect tensile properties.
Similar effects are observed on
impact energy, shown later in Figure
3.2.3.2 (Ref. 38).
3.2.1.2.4 [Figure] Effects of hold time at inter¬
mediate temperatures after
austenitizing on tensile properties.
3.2.1.2.5 [Figure] Effect of as-quenched section
size on the tensile properties of bar
tempered at 1000F.
3.2.1.2.6 [Figure] Effect of as-quenched section
size on the tensile properties of bars
at 1200F.
3.2.1.2.7 Quenching medium after
austenitizing affects the microstruc-
ture but has only minor effects on
mechanical properties, as shown in
Table 3.2.1.2.8. Quenching into
water at 75F provided the severest
quench and produced a fully
martensitic microstructure. A 400F
salt bath comprised the least severe
quench and resulted in a largely
bainitic structure, while the inter¬
mediate severity oil quench gave a
mixed bainite/ martensite structure
(Ref. 39).
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3.2.1.2.8 [Table] Effects of quenching medium
on mechanical properties and
microstructure.
3.2.1.3 Effects of ausforming.
3.2.1.3.1 The introduction of a forging step
between austenitizing and tempering
effects a modest increase in tensile
strength, as shown in Figure 3.2.1.32.
3.2.1.3.2 [Figure] Effects of ausforming by
forging on tensile properties.
3.2.1.4 Effects of tempering.
3.2.1.4.1 A general trend is evident for
decreasing tensile strength and
moderately increasing tensile duc¬
tility with increasing tempering
temperature, seen in Figures
3.2.1.4.2-3.2.1.4.7.
3 .2.1.42 [Figure] Effects of tempering tempera¬
ture on tensile properties of rod.
3.2.1.4.3 [Figure] Effect of tempering tem¬
perature on tensile properties of bar.
3.2.1.4.4 [Figure] Effect of tempering tem¬
perature on tensile properties of
plate.
3.2.1.4.5 [Figure] Effects of specimen location
and tempering temperature on
tensile properties of a large forging.
3.2.1.4.6 [Figure] Effects of as-quenched
section size and tempering tempera¬
ture on tensile properties of bar.
3.2.1.4.7 [Figure] Effects of tempering tem¬
perature on tensile properties of
electro-slag-melted alloy.
3.2.1.5 Effects of alloying.
3.2.1.5.1 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing and
tempering temperatures on tensile
properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si).
3.2.1.5.2 [Figure] Effects of tempering tem¬
perature and quenching rate on tensile
properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si).
3.2.1.5.3 The addition of 2 percent silicon to
a base Type 4330 composition (no
vanadium) significantly improves
the mechanical properties after
quenching and tempering. As
shown in Figure 3.2.1.5.4, the silicon-
containing material had notably
higher yield and ultimate strengths
with no decrease in elongation as
compared to the unmodified Type
4330. Fracture toughness was also
improved by the silicon addition, as
shown later in Figure 32.72.4 (Ref. 40).
May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
3.2.1.5.4 [Figure] Effects of tempering tem¬
perature and silicon addition on
tensile properties of Type 4330.
3.2.1.5.5 [Figure] Tensile properties of plate
containing silicon and chromium
additions.
3.2.2 Compression Stress-strain Diagrams and Compres¬
sion Properties.
3.2.3 Impact.
3.2.3.1 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing temperature
on impact energy.
3.2.3.2 [Figure] Effects of hold time at intermediate tem¬
perature after austenitizing on impact energy.
3.2.3.3 [Figure] Effects of carbon content and tempering
temperature on impact energy of bar.
3.2.3.4 [Figure] Effects of specimen location and
tempering temperature on impact energy of
bar and forgings.
3.2.3.5 [Figure] Effects of as-quenched section size and
tempering temperature on impact energy of bar.
3.2.4 Bending.
3.2.5 Torsion and Shear.
3.2.6 Bearing.
3.2.7 Stress Concentration.
3.2.7.1 Notch properties.
3.2.7.1.1 [Figure] Effects of carbon content
and tempering temperature on
notch strength of bar.
3.2.7.1.2 [Figure] Effects of specimen location
and tempering temperature on
notch strength of a large forging.
3.2.7.1.3 [Figure] Effects of specimen size and
test direction on notch strength of
bar at various strength levels.
3.2.7.1.4 [Figure] Effects of stress concentra¬
tion, tempering temperature,
specimen size, and test direction on
notch strength ratio of bar.
3.2.7.2 Fracture toughness.
3.2.7.2.1 [Figure] Effects of grain size and
austenitizing temperature on
fracture toughness.
3.2.7.2.2 [Figure] Effects of tempering
temperature on fracture toughness.
3.2.7.2.3 [Table] Fracture toughness of plate,
bar, and billet.
3-2.7J2.4 [Figure] Plane-strain fracture toughness
of plate with additions of silicon
and chromium.
3.2.8 Combined Properties.
Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4330V
3.3 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
3.3.1 Tension Stress-strain Diagrams and Tensile Properties.
3.3.1.1 [Figure] Effect of cyclic exposure and test
temperature on tensile properties of bar.
3.3.1.2 [Figure] Effect of test temperature on tensile
properties of plate with silicon and chromium
additions.
3.3.1.3 [Figure] Effects of test temperature on tensile
properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si).
3.3.2 Compression Stress-strain Diagrams and Compression
Properties.
3.3.3 Impact.
3.3.3.1 [Figure] Effects of test temperature, section size,
and test direction of impact energy of bar.
3.3.3.2 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing and tempering
temperatures on impact energy at -40F.
3.3.3.3 [Figure] Effect of tempering temperature on
impact energy at -40F.
3.3.3.4 [Figure] Effect of ausforming on impact energy
ductile-brittle transition temperature.
3.3.3.5 [Figure] Effects of austenitizing and tempering
temperatures on impact energy of Type
4330V (Mod + Si) at -40F.
3.3.3.6 [Figure] Effects of tempering temperature and
quenching rate on impact energy of Type
4330V (Mod + Si) at -40F.
3.3.4 Bending.
3.3.5 Torsion and Shear.
3.3.6 Bearing.
3.3.7 Stress Concentration.
3.3.7.1 Notch properties.
3.3.7.1.1 [Table] Effect of tempering tempera¬
ture on the crack strength of forged
billet at two test temperatures.
3.3.7.1.2 [Figure] Effects of test temperature
on notch and ultimate tensile
strength of Type 4330V (Mod + Si).
3.3.7.2 Fracture toughness.
3.3.7.2.1 [Table] Plane-strain fracture tough¬
ness of forgings at two test tem¬
peratures.
3.3.7.2.2 [Figure] Effect of test temperature
on plane-strain fracture toughness
of plate with silicon and chromium
additions.
3.3.8 Combined Properties.
3.4 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.4.1 [Figure] Creep curves for Type 4330 at 842F for times
up to 12 years.
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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

3.5 Fatigue Properties. 4.3 Joining

3.5.1 [Table] Fatigue properties of smooth and notched bar 4.3.1 Type 4330V can be gas welded, arc welded, and
at room temperature. resistance welded. A welding rod of the same compo¬
3.5.2 [Table] Fatigue properties of notched billet at room sition is recommended. Preheating and post-weld heat
temperature. treating are desirable to prevent cracking (Ref. 29).
3.5.3 [Figure] Effects of double tempering on fatigue
properties of smooth and notched bar.
35.4 [Figure] Fatigue crack growth rate for forgings (Fÿ = 240 ksi).
355 [Figure] Fatigue crack growth rate for forgings (Fm = 230 ksi).
3.5.6 [Figure] Fatigue crack growth rate for forged bar
(Fÿ = 220 to 240 ksi).
3.5.7 An extensive investigation of fatigue and related
mechanical properties was conducted on material
austenitized at 1550F, 2 hours, oil quenched, plus
tempered at 600 to 1300F, and water quenched. Based
on the observed crack propagation rates [for maximum
stress intensities of 30 to 80 ksi(in.),/2I and correlations
with fracture toughness and tensile properties, it was
concluded that optimum fatigue resistance (minimum
crack propagation rate) is provided by tempering at
about HOOF (Kef. 41).

3.6 Elastic Properties

3.6.1 Poisson's Ratio.
3.6.2 Modulus of Elasticity.
3.6.2.1 [Figure] Effect of temperature on dynamic
modulus of elasticity.
3.6.3 Modulus of Rigidity.
3.6.4 Tangent Modulus.
3.6.5 Secant Modulus.

4 Fabrication
4.1 Forming
4.1.1 Type 4330V can be hot worked by forging or rolling
in the temperature range 2250 to 1950F. Preheating at
1300 to 1500F is recommended. After hot working,
parts should be furnace cooled (Ref. 29).

4.2 Machining and Grinding

4.2.1 Type 4330V can be readily machined in the annealed
or normalized-and-tempered condition. Material
which has been quenched and tempered to high
strength levels is also machinable but should be
stress-relieved at 400 to 450F after machining (Ref. 29).

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FeUH
4330V

Table 1.3.1 AMS specifications (Refs. 1, 42-44)

Alloy: 4330V
AMS Specification Product Form
5328C Investment castings
5329D Sand castings
Bars, forgings, tubing
64110 (Premium quality, consumable electrode
remelted)
6427G Bars, forgings, tubing

Table 1.4.1 Specified compositions

Alloy 4330 Mod 4330V Mod 4330V (Mod + Si)

AMS Specification 5328C, 5329D 641 1D 6427G (None)
Reference 42, 43 44 1 3
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Element
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.28 0.36 0.28 0.33 0.28 0.33 0.28 0.33
Nickel 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00
Chromium 0.65 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.70 0.90
Molybdenum 0.30 0.45 0.35 0.50 0.35 0ÿ0 0.20 0.30
Vanadium - - 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.10 Typical
Manganese 0.60 1.00 0.65 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.65 0.85
Silicon 0.50 1.00(a) 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.35 1.45 Typical
Phosphorus - 0.025 - 0.015 - 0.025 - -
Sulfur - 0.025 - 0.015 - 0.025 - -
Copper - 0.35 - 0.35 - 0.35 • -
Iron Balance Balance Balance Balance
(a) Max silicon content is 0.90 percent for AMS 5329D.

60 4330V, Bar
4330V 1550F, 0Q (0.305C)
>, S t

- 50 7/ÿ Z/7-
///
Diameter, in.

= 40 \ /
AMS 6477
Minima
30
I
0 8 16 24 32 2 10 1
Distance from Quenched End, sixteenth in. Oistance from Center, in.
Fig. 1.6.1 End quenched hardenability (Ref. 12) Fig. 1.6.2 Hardness distribution in oil quenched
bars of different diameters (Ref. 13)

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FellH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

4330V. Rod 4330V

Austen iti 'ed, 1 hr. OC +
Tempere i. 2+2 hre, A c

O- Aust enitized at 1500F

ÿ- Aust enitized at 1600F

Between 70F and

Qo temt erature in Jicated
d
'
O
'ÿ8?.ÿ
1f
300 400 500 600 700 0 200 400 6D0 800 1000 120C
Tempering Temperature, F Temperature, F
Fig. 1.6.3 Effect of tempering temperature Fig. 2.1.4.1 Mean coefficient of linear thermal
on hardness (Ref- 26) expansion (Ref. 29)

4330V, Forged
Normallred

7.85

.7.80

7.75

4330V, VIM + VCEM |

Constant displacement wedge-
7.70
opening loaded specimens
O- Austenitized at indicated temperature,
0.75 hr. 00 + tempered at 392F, 2 hrs
7.65
1
• - Pre-austenitized at 2192F, 0.5 hr +
austenitized at 1598F, 0.75 hr, OQ +
tempered at 392F, 2 hrs
i
Average grain size, microns, in parentheses
.284 f

282

!
.280
j
V-,
[ 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
.278

.276
js»
1
Austenitizing Temperature, F
Fig. 2.3.2.2 Effects of austenitizing temperature
on threshold stress intensity for stress corrosion
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 cracking in distilled water at 95F (Refs. 34, 35)
Temperature, F

Fig. 2.2.1.1 Effect of temperature on density (Ref. 45)

Code 12D4
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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4430V

4330V I
VIM + VCEM

-
Open Austenftized at indicated temperature.
0.75 hr, 00 + tempered at 392F, 2 hrs
Filled - Pre-austenitized at 2192F, 0.5 hr +
austenitized at 1598F, 0.75 hr. OQ +
tempered at 392F, 2 hrs
O •"Constant load cantilever specimens
ÿ B-Conslant displacement wedge-opening
loaded specimens

10'3 Average grain size, _

microns, in parentheses

CO

10"5
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Austenitizing Temperature, F

Fig. 2.3.2.3 Effects of austenitizing temperature on

stage IIconstant crack growth rate during stress
corrosion in distilled water at 95F (Refs. 34, 35)

Table 3.1.1 AMS specified properties (Refs. 1, 42-44)

Tensile Properties
Izod
Impact
AMS Heat Cross-Sectional
Alloy
Specification
Form
Treatment
Orientation Area, (sq, in.)
F.y F.u e RA Energy
(ksi, (ksi, (PCt. (pet, fit -lb,
min) min) min) min) min)

1500F, 0.5 hr
Investment min, 0Q +
5328C
casting 750F, 2+2 hr.
• - 160 180 5 -
AC
4330 Mod 1575F, 0.5 hr
Sand min, OQ +
5329D
casting 750F, 2+2 hr, - - 160 180 5 - -
AC

1700F, 1 hr Long. - 185 220 10 35 -

Bars, min. AC + Up to 144 185 220 - 35 -
641 1D lorgings, 1550F, 1 hr,
tubing OQ + temper, 1 Trans. 144 to 225 185 220 - 30 -
4330V Mod hr min, AC Over 225 185 220 - 25 -
Bars.
6427G forgings,
tubing
1550F, 00 +
600F
Long. - - - - - 15

Note: The original AMS documents should be consulted for complete specification details.

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

Table 3.2.1.1.1 Effects of melting practice on mechanical properties (Ref. 11)

Alloy: 4330V
Form 4 inch ilia bar 3x5 plate 4 inch dia bar
Melting Practice (a) (to) (c)
Condition (d)
Actual Carbon Level 0.33C 0.31C 0.30C
Direction L T L ST L T'
Fft, (ksi) 220.4 222.2 213.7 216.2 229.9 230.1
Fty (ksi) 193.5 194.0 185.5 187.5 198.6 201.3
e,1 in. (percent) 11.0 5.0 12.0 5.0 13.0 4.0
RA (percent) 36.5 15.0 56.3 11.7 56.4 10.2
Sharp Notch Strength** (ksi) 233.7 168.2 250.6 198.8 251.9 192.9
(a) Electric furnace air melt
(b) Vacuum stream degas 60°
(c) Cyclic vacuum degas*
(d) 1700F, 1 hr, AC + 1600F, 1 hr, OQ + Temper at 600F, 2 hr, AC
0.707D Y 0=1.00 in.
"Dortmund - Horder (cyclic vacuum degassing) process I—__ )
'
I— root radius 0.0007 in. max.

4330V I I
VIM + VCEM
' 4330V, Plate
'
1 1 i i rn r
Austenitized at indicated temijeralure, 0 75 hr, Austenitized 1652F. 1 hr + tempered 392F, 1 hr
OQ + tempered at 392F, 2 hrs I
1 I I I III
Average grain size, microns, n parenths ses O- 00 after austenitizing H HH
ÿ 662F salt bath, WQ after austenitizing
ÿ

260 A - 932F salt bath, WQ after austenitizing

(2
66PS (C
240
(140)
n
IA
to ...
S 220
CO

200

180
60
"3
I
--- -

_
e
o
40
RA
— n
RA
u
©
a. JI "1 , — /
20 40 Ck- 1
e no 1 10
-i hold Hold Time in Salt Bath, hr
0
I
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Fig. 3.2.1.2.4 Effects of hold time at intermediate temperature
Austenilizing Temperature, F after austenitizing on tensile properties (Ref. 38)

Fig. 3.2.1.2.2 Effects of austenitizing temperature

on tensile properties (Ref. 35)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4430V
220 200
4330V, bars (L) I I I 4330V, bars (L) I I I
1700F, AC + 1550F. OQ (in sizes shown) + temper 1700F. AC + 1550F, 00 (in sizes shown) + tern per

200
at 1000F, AC | | |
_ 180 at 1200F, AC I I I

Half-radius position for bars 1 1/2 in. diameter Half-radius position for bars 1 1/2 in. diameter

55 180 160

160 140

RA RA

e(2 in.).

123456 123456
Bar Diameter, inch Bar Diameter, inch
Fig. 3.2.1.2.5 Effect of as quenched section size on Fig. 3.2.1.2.6 Effect of as quenched section size on
the tensile properties of bars tempered at 1000F (Ref. 5) the tensile properties of bars tempered at 1200F (Ref. 5)

Table 3.2.1.2.8 Effects of quenching medium on mechanical properties and microstructure (Ref. 39)

Alloy: Type 4330V

Form Block, 2.25x5.00x5.25 in.

Heat
Auslenitize 1550F, 1 hr, Q + Temper, 1000F, 1 hr, Oil Cool
Treatment
Mechanical Properties (a) Microstructure

Quench Charpy-V Impact

Tensile Properties at RT Energy (ft-lb) Fracture ASTM
Medium Hardness Major Phases
Toughness, Grain
(Rc) Present
Fty F.u El. 2 in. RA K[c(ksiVirr.) Size
-40 F +80F
(ksi) (ksi) (pet) (pet)
Salt, 400F 167 184 15 41 12.3 22.0 109 40 9.4 Tempered Bainite

Oil, 200F 180 193 13 40 10.6 22.4 118 43 8.8 Tempered

Martensite + Bainite
Water, 75F 174 186 16 49 119 25.8 124 42 9.6 Tempered
Martensite
(a) All values are averages from 2 or 3 tests on specimens taken from mid-section of heat-treated block.

Code 12D4
Page 11
FeUH Ferrous Alloys
ÿ
Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

4330V, Rod
Austeniti :ed, 1 hr, )Q +
Tempere j, 2+2 hrs AC
O- Aus tenrtized a 1500F
260 -Fiu-Sn; a-Aus tenitized at 1600F
4330V All data averagas
IM + for ged of three tests
Austenit ized 1832F , 1 hr + fo ged 1652 WQ + ternpered \
\
210 " 1112F, hr 240

200 c,
rtu
\ N,
220

13 190 200 v
—n.
F, J
180 riy 180

RA
170 60 Ofc
r

160 40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Forging Reduction, percent
e
Fig. 3.2.1.3.2 Effects of ausforming by forging on 20
tensile properties (Ref. 32)

300 400 500 600 700

Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.1.4.2 Effects of tempering temperature
on tensile properties of rod (Ref. 26)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FfiUH
4430V

4330V Bar I 4330V I

1550 to 1600F, OQ + temper 1-in. thick CEVM plate (0.30C)
1600F, 1 hr, OQ + temper (2 + 2 hrs), AC

e(2

200 400 500 800

Tempering Temperature, F
Vs—
0 400 600 800 1000 1200
Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.1.4.3 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile
properties of bar (Refs. 7, 8, 9) Fig. 3.2.1.4.4 Effect of temperature on the tensile
properties of plate (Ref. 10)

Code 1204
Page 13
FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

4330V I I 4330V I I
280 0-32C- 12 in. diameter forging I I 0.305C - 1 1/8 to 4 1/4 in. bar
1625F, 4 hrs, AC + 1600F, 4 hrs, 00 + temper 2x3 hrs 1600F, AC + 1550F, 00

Diameter o1 quenched bar;

4 inch -I 0.505 In. diameter
3 inch > midway L
•
0
L
T
2 inch
O 0.53 inch
J specimens

Quenched as tube
A T, (lash line with 9 inch 10
Fty
60 RA I

k
n 200
40
_ n
- rA

I0
A
— A I
A
160

--
£ 20
e
•—
200 *
400 600 800
— -— 0
a
1000
Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.1.4.5 Effects of specimen location and tempering
temperature on tensile properties of a large forging (Ref. 14)

800 900 1000 1100

Tempering Temperature. F
Fig. 3.2.1.4.6 Effects of as quenched section size and tempering
4330V I I temperature on tensile properties of bar (Ref. 13)
Electric-furnace melted, vacu um degassed»
elect ro-s lag- ref i ned + forged
Normalized 1750F. 3 hrs. AC + austeniti zed. 00 + empered

O- Austenitized at 1525F
Austenitized at 1625F

Average of quintuplicate tests transvers direction

200

c
ss
GJ
180 h
o>

160
jÿFtu
Fty

60
1 1 J--
----- l) RA

-
~ 40
03
if

—\
<u
Q-

20 ye{2 in.)-
r t
t
0
900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
Tempering Temperature, F

Fig. 3.2.1.4.7 Effects of tempering temperature on

tensile properties of electro-slag-refined alloy (Ref. 29)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4330V

4330V (Mod + Si) (1. 69Si) 4330V (Mod + Si) (1.69Si)

CEVM CEVM
Austenitized 0.5 hr, Normalized 1650F, 1 Or,
OQ + temper, 1 tir. 00 280 . AC + austenitized 1575F, 0.5 r,
00 + tempered, 1 hr
O- tempered at400F
ÿ -tempered at 500F Fu,
a- tempered at 600F- 260
280
OAC after tempering
240 ÿ00 after tempering ÿ

260

220
Fty nÿJr-fT
g 240 I
£
v>
200
220 60
E i-9-(

200
60
_ 40
RA

_C
a>
40
RA
ÿ 20
e(2 in.)
u
as
20
400 500 600 700 800
e(2 in.) t ' TT Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.1.5.2 Effects of tempering
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 temperatures and quenching rate on tensile
Austenitizing Temperature, F properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si) (Ref. 46)
Fig. 3.2.1.5.1 Effects of austenitizing
and tempering temperatures on tensile
properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si) (Ref. 46)

4330V
Austenitized 1652F. 1 hr, OQ
+ tempered, 1 hr ,
300
O- 433
ÿ-443 + 2% Si
280

F.u
260

I 240

220

F.y
200

>cc|-co-a3
200 400 600 800
Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.1.5.4 Effects of tempering
temperature and silicon addition on
tensile properties of Type 4330 (Ref. 40)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

4330V I I I
1 in. thick plate (laboratory air melt)
0.31C,1.59Si.2.04Cr
1700F, 1 hr. OQ + temper 1 hr,
AC (4 hours lor specimens at 1050F)

4330V 1
VIM + VCEM 1
Austenitized at indicated temp erature, 0.75 hr,
OQ + tempered at 392F, 2 hr
Fty Charpy V-notch
Average grain size, microns, n parentheses
i i i
40
A
200
(25) 66) (98) (140)
30 1 I
rV 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Austenitizing Temperature, F
160
Fig. 3.2.3.1 Effects of austenitizing temperature
•/* on impact energy (Ref. 35)
RA

<r
4

e(2 in.)
i I

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Tempering Temperature, f
Fig. 3.2.1.5.5 Tensile properties of plate containing silicon
and chromium additions (Refs. 16, 17)

4330V, Plate 1 I I I I I I I T 4330V, 1 1/4 in. bar

Austenitized 1652F, 1 hr + tempered 392F, 1 hr
O - 00 alter austenitizing
ÿ- 662F salt bath. WQ after austenitizing
A - 932F salt bath, WQ after austenitizing
°* 9-ÿ5 J
V A 0.30C
1550F,
Heats each

IE Charpy-V
IE Izod V

700 800 900 1000

Tempering Temperature, F
0.1 1 10
hold Hold Time in Salt Bath, hr Fig. 3.2.3.3 Effects of carbon content and tempering
temperature on impact energy of bar (Ref. 14)
Fig. 3.2.3.2 Effects of hold time at intermediate temperature
after austenitizing on impact energy (Ref. 38)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys ÿ
FeUH
4330V

4330V Bar forging 1600F, OO + temper 4330V I I I

0.305C - 1 1/8 to 4 1/4 in. bar 1550F, OQ
•
OT
L
0.32C, 12 India
ÿ T, flash line J (14) Forging
Tempering temperature - 1200F

ii
A RIM
. Center
40 *A RIM 0.32C, 4 in. bar
(18)
V Center
ÿ .Q30C, 3/4 in. bar (7)

800F
IE lzod V (L, midway)
IE Charpy V
0 12 3 4
As Quenched Oia, inch
Fig. 3.2.3.5 Effects of as quenched section size
and tempering temperature on impact energy
of bar (Ref. 13)

200 400 600 800 1000

Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.3.4 Effects of specimen location and tempering
temperature on impact energy of bar and forgings
(Refs. 18, 7, 14)

4330V Bar I I I I
1550 to 1600F, OQ 4330V
0.32C, 12 in. d ia forging, 1625F, 4 hrs, AC + 1600F, 4 hrs,
- OQ + temper 2x3 hrs -
Notch
strength -
r 0.001
Notcli strength

Quenched as tube \OT/<

9 in. ID

0.305C, 5/8 in
200 - •
OT
L
* 0.30C, 3/4 in A T, Flash line r .0,001
ÿ 0.32C. 4 in K| = 9
160
200 400 600 800 1000
200 400 600 800 1000
Tempering Temperature. F
Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.7.1.2 Effects of specimen location and tempering
Fig. 3.2.7.1.1 Effects of carbon content and tempering
temperature on notch strength of a large forging (Ref. 14)
temperature on notch strength of bar (Refs. 7, 8, 19)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

i
4330V, 4 in. Bar
4330V, 4 in. Bar | I
360 HBOOF, 1 hr, 00 + temper, 1 hr
- 1600F, 1 hr, 00 + temper, 1 hr

/
/ L
D = 0.3 in.

S 240

Temper
Temperature, F
O 650
• 500 _
--- Ductile„ Conditions
A 400 r. „
1 3 5 10 30 1 3 5 10
Stress Concentration, K
Fig. 3.2.7.1.4 Effects of stress concentration, tempering temperature,
160 200 240 280 320 specimen size and test direction on notch strength ratio of bar (Ref. 18)
Ffu. tei
Fig. 3.2.7.1.3 Effects of specimen size and
test direction on notch strength of bar at
various strength levels (Ref. 8)

4330V
VIM VCEM
*
Precracked cantilever three-point Pending
specimens ot unspecified dimensions
I I I I
-
O Austenitized at temperature in parentheses,
0.75 hr, OQ + tempered at 392F, 2 hrs ÿ

• - Pre-austentized at 2192F, 0.5 hr +

austentized at 1598F, 0.75 hr, OQ +
4330V, Forged
Austentiz ed 1550F, 2 hrs, OQ + temper,
tempered at 392F, 2 hrs 140 -4 hrs, W 3, ASTM compact-te ision
specimeris

C)
120
jO >
|| n
ÿs; 100

80

60
0 40 80 120 160 400 600 800 1000 1200
Average Grain Size, microns Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.2.7.2.1 Effects of grain size and austentizing Fig, 3.2.7.2.2 Effects of tempering
temperature on fracture toughness (Refs. 34, 35) temperature on fracture toughness
(Ref. 41)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeLIH
4330V

Table 3.2.7.2.3 Fracture toughness of plate, bar, and billet

(Ref. 51)

Alloy: 4330V Mod

Average
Number
Heat Specimen Fracture
Form of
Treatment Orientation Toughnessÿ
Tests
KIe (ksi wl)
Heat treated
Plate to 46 Rc T-L 2 75
harndess
1600F, 1 hr,
OQ + 400F, L-T 1 88
Forged 1 hr
Bar 1600F, 1 hr,
OQ + 535F, L-T 2 97
1 hr
220
1650F, 1 hr, 4330V, 4 in. Bar
AC + 1575F, 1 1600F, 1 hr, 0Q + temper
L-T 3 96
hr, 00 + 800F, 200

__
2+2 hr Temper
Billet 800F, 4 hrs
1650F, 1 hr,
AC + 1575F, 1 180 1000F. 8 hrs
L-T 6 82
hr, 0Q + 525F,
2+2 hr
160

Exposure ai Test Temperature

1140 • A 1/2 hr
V 20 hrs (250 • 5 min cycles)
M O 80 hrs (1000 cycles)
1
55 180
800F,4 hrs
4330V | | 1
-
1 in. thick plate (laboratory air melt) (L) • (( .31C 1 59Si - 1000F, Fty
2.04Cr) 1700F, 1 hr, OQ + temper. 1 hr, AC 160
I
" For tem sering tem aeratures less than 95( F, D = 0.75 in.
greater han 950F, D = 1.00 in 140
4

•/ \
—
tn

6 i < • 120
80
T 1
1 40
RA
ÿ 4 ÿ
-*—-*
\ o- o twdV CJ

4-djUJ B>
Q.

Fatigue Cracked
0
500 600 ' i
700 800 900 1000 0 200 400 600 800
Tempering Temperature, F Temperature, F

Fig. 3.2.7.2.4 Plane strain fracture toughness of plate Fig. 3.3.1.1 Effects of cyclic exposure and test
with additions of silicon and chromium (Ref. 16) temperature on tensile properties of bar (Ref. 21)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)

4330V

4330V 4330V (Mod + Si) I

-
1 in. thick plate (laboratory air melt) (L) (0.31C - CEVM, austentize 1575F, 0.5 hr, OQ + temper
1,59Si • 2.04Cr) - 1700F, 1 hr, 00 + temper, 4 hrs, 600F, 1 hr, 00
240
"1O50F.AC
,

flu
a 200
Fty

160
60
RA •
C
IP
u
at
a.
e(2 in.)
20
1

0
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
Temperature, F
Fig. 3.3.1.2 Effect of test temperature on tensile
properties of plate with silicon and chromium (Ref. 17)
X)
—
e(2 in.)

0 200
Temperature,
Fig. 3.3.1.3 Effects of test temperature on tensile
properties of Type 4330V (Mod + Si) (Ref. 46)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4330V

4330V. Bar 4330V

160QF, 00 + temper Electric-fumace mt Ited + vact urn degassed +
"electro-s ag-refinec + forged
Normalized 1750F, 3 hrs, AC austenitc ed, 00 + empered
Average of triplicat e tests
.Transverse directio n

80
o Ausfenitizf d at 1525F

uM
I

ÿ 1
Austenitizt d at 1625F
60 i
IE Charpy V
40

20

0
900
*
950 1000 1050 1100
Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.3.3.2 Effects of austenitizing and tempering
1150 1200

temperatures on impact energy at -40F (Ref. 47)

0
-400 -200 0 200 400
Temperature, F
4330V I I
Fig. 3.3.3.1 Effects of test temperature, section IM + forged
size, and test direction on impact energy of bar Austenitized 1832F. 1 hn torged 1652F, WO
(Refs.7,18) + tempered 1112F, 1 hr
Transition temperature corresponds to mid-range of
Charpy V impact energy values at -321 to +212F tor
-each forging reduction

4330V, 518 in. dia Rod

Ausenitiz ed 1500F, 1 hr, 00 +
-temperet , 2 ÿ 2 hrs, AC
Averages of 3 tests, Charpy V
28

24
— OwI

20
300 350 400 450 500 0
- 10
-80 1
20 30 40 50 60
Tempering Temperature, F Forging Reduction, percent

Fig. 3.3.3.3 Effect of tempering Fig. 3.3.3.4 Effect of ausforming on impact energy
temperature on impact energy ductile-brittle transition temperature (Ref. 32)
at -40F CRef. 26)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

4330V (Mod ÿ Si) (1 69Si) 4330V (Mod + Si) (1.69Si)

- CEVM — •
CEVM
Austenitized 0.5 hr, OQ + Normalized 1650F, 1 hr, AC +
temper, 1 hr, 00 austenitized 1575F. 0.5 hr, OC!+

_
I II
. tempered, 1 hr
i i
O- Tempered at 400F 0 - AC after tempering

30
ÿ -
Tempered at 5Q0F
-
A Tempered at 6Q0F
30
ÿ - _
00 after tempering

- 20
I
IE Charpy -V
I * T 20
m O sf rpy-v
rÿv
k
10 10
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 400 500 600 700 800
Austen itizing Temperature, F Tempering Temperature, F
Fig. 3.3.3.5 Effects of austenitizing Fig. 3.3.3.6 Effects of tempering
and tempering temperatures on temperature and quenching rate
impact energy of Type 4330V on impact energy of Type 4330V
(Mod + Si) at -40F (Ref. 46) (Mod + Si) at -40F (Ref. 46)

Table 3.3.7.1.1 Effect of tempering temperature on the 4330V (Mod + Si) (1.69Si)
crack strength of forged billet at two test temperatures CEVM
Austenitized 1575F, 0.5 hr,
(Ref. 22) uu + temper ouur, i nr, vju
Notch dia 0.252 in. notch anj le 60 deg,
notch radius 0.001 in., Kt = 9.5
Alloy: Type 4330V I
320 u
Form Forged Billet V /
Condition Austenitize, OQ-f Temper, AC 280 /a
Tempering Temp. 450 F 625F
- 240
Test Temperature RT -65F RT -65F
Crack Strength (ksi) 98 54 77 52 '
200
I UlICIIUUIUJ / Nc tch strent th
103 56 77
160
109 61 84
1.06 inch
t-oJ" /0.188 113 89 120
-400 -200 0 200 400 600
—3 inches— inch Temperature, F
thick 114 100
Fig. 3.3.7.1.2 Effects of test temperature on
102 notch and ultimate tensile strength of Type
4330V (Mod + Si) (Ref. 46)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FeUH
4330V

Table 3.3.7.2.1 Plane-strain fracture toughness of plate 100

4330V
with silicon and chromium additions (Ref. 23) -
1 in. thick plate (lab air melt) (L) (0.31C l.S9Si -
-
2.04Cr) 1700F, 1 hr, 00 + temper, 1 hr, 600F, AC

Alloy: Type 4330V

Form Forgings

Condition Heat Treated to Ftu =220 -240 ksi Fatigue cracked

Test Temp. 70F -66F

Direction L T L T
Fracture toughness 51 39" 40
0 100
Klc - ksi -s/in. 52 41 ** 41 Test Temperature, F
Fig. 3.3.7.2.2 Effect of test temperature on plane-strain
(Center - cracked 42 fracture toughness of plate with silicon and chromium
specimens) additions (Ref. 17)
48

It t*i
•W = 1.5 inch to 3.4 inch;
49

50

2a/W = 0.4 to 0.5; 0.2 inch thick

(except " 0.4 inch thick)

4330V

Stress,
6
2S.5
4
21.5

2
17.4

ÿ13.2 —
8

Fig. 3.4.1 Creep curves for Type 4330V at 842F for times up to
12 years (Ref. 50)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook May 1992 (revision)
4330V

Table 3.5.1 Fatigue properties of smooth and notched bar at room temperature (Ref. 18)

Alloy: Type 4330V

Form 4 inch bar
Condition 1600F + Temper 1 hour to F,u below
Stress Ratio Stress Fatigue strength (ksi at cycles)
Ftu (Rsi) Method
A R Concentraton 105 106 10?
201 Rotating Beam oo -1 105 85 85
222 105 90 90
Smooth 115 95 90
236
Kt = 1
250 120 95 90
263 130 95 80
201 50 40 40
Notched
250 60 50 50
Kt= 8
263 65 65 65

Table 3-5.2 Fatigue properties of notched billet at room 4330V

temperature (Ref. 22) 1 1/8 to 1 1/4 in. bar
1550 to 1600F, OQ + temper, 46 to 47 RC
Alloy: 4330V Rotating beam, R = -1

Form Forged Billet

Condition Heat Treated to Ftu= 220 -240 ksi
Stress Concentration K. = 3
Stress Ratio R = 0.1, A = 0.82
Maximum Stress Fatigue Life
(ksi) (cycles, avg of 4) Smooth
Axial load (L) 4.4 x103
150
130 7.8 x103
—.430—'
1.3 x 104 Notched
X
60'
ÿR =
118
2.0 x 104
{0.300 in. diameter)

yr JI
I-.300—
.016 100
6.0 x 104
r = 0.035 in.
O 0.305C, 650F single temper \ (13) -
82
• 0.305C, 650F double temper
A 0.30C, 570F single temper
'
"I m
70 1.1 x105 0.30C, 570F double temper J
60 1.0 x 106
*
1Q5 106 107
Number ot Cycles

Fig. 3.5.3 Effect of double tempering on fatigue properties of

smooth and notched bar (Refs. 9, 13)

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May 1992 (revision) Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook Ferrous Alloys • FbUH
4330V

1! 1
4330V iii 4330V
10"4 roryuiys, "j Is 4' Landing gea r (for gin a). ftu = 23 ks
R = 0.05
1 = 120cpm
10"4 - Rf = 12(1
0.05
mm
=

• 11 11
1 1 1 1 1
.
• 0.19 in. thick —
—-
/ / i
/
t I i
J
J
•ft/•
« j
1 J
j* I
% 4 —L s--

I —w—
i ÿ

w 2a
J O
/i Q J
2a 7 — w—
/1 b
9
«
10"6
• - 4 0.2 in. thic
C> 0.4 in. thic
— 10"6 /
/ i

1 1 1 M 1
7 1 1 II M 1 1 i
10 20 40 100 200 10 20 40 100 200
:kSl VTiT ksi VUT
:

Fig. 3.5.4 Fatigue crack growth rate for forgings Fig. 3.5.5 Fatigue crack growth rate for forgings
(Ftu = 240ksi) (Ref.23) (Fÿ = 230 ksi) (Ref. 23)

4330V
Forged and heat treated bar
bu = 220 to 240 per MIL-H-6875

R =0.1
1 4330V F arged
Normaliz ed
f = 66- 50 Hz 30

ASTM E 647 o E
10"4 28
O

10"5 o
26
9
O
10"6 24
c£
ri
10"7 22
8 10 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Stress-Intensity-Factor Range, a K, ksi VliT Temperature, F
Fig. 3.5.6 Fatigue crack growth rate for forged Fig. 3.6.2.1 Effect of temperature on dynamic modulus
bar (Fÿ = 220 to 240 ksi) (Ref. 49) of elasticity (Ref. 45)

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FeUH • Ferrous Alloys Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
4330V
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