The sentence is the central syntactic construction used as the minimal

communicative unit that has its primary predication, actualises a definite

structural scheme and possesses definite intonation characteristics.
Compound sentences:
A compound sentence is a multiple sentence of two or more clauses coordinated with
each other. Clauses combined by means of coordination are regarded as independent,
they are linked in such a way that there is no hierarchy in the syntactic
relationship, they have the same syntactic status. Two clauses are coordinated if
they are connected by a conjunct or a coordinator. Coordinated clauses are
sometimes called �conjoins�. Coordination can be asyndatic or syndatic.
Asyndetic Compound Sentences:
In a.c.s. coordinators are absent. Two or more clauses can be made into one s.
without a coordinator being used. The result is a.c.s. Don�t worry, I�ll take care
of it. In writing, asyndetically joined coordinate clauses are separated by a
semicolon (;), colon (:) or a dash (-).
Syndetic compound sentences:
In s.c.c. the type of coordination is expressed explicitly by means of
coordinators, coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, so that The lights went out,
the curtain went up and the show began. The peculiarity of and and or is that they
can link more than two clauses. Coordinators can be divided into one-member, or
simple (and, but) and multi-member (either�or).
Coordinators and conjuncts in a compound sentence express four logical types of
coordination: copulative, disjunctive, adversative and causative-consecutive.
Form the semantico-syntactic point of view there are 2 basic types of connection:
1.Marked coordinative connection � copulative, causal, resultative, adversative,
disjunctive, e.g. We cannot go upstairs for we are too tired.
2.Unmarked coordinative connection - is realized by the coordinative connector
�and� and also asyndetically (copulative, enumerative, causal, resultative
relations), e.g. Time passed, and she came to no conclusions. We cannot go
upstairs, we are too tired.
As to the use of tenses in clauses making up a compound sentence, we should note
that there is no general rule of their interdependence. However, in a number of
cases we do find interdependence of co-ordinate clauses from this point of view.
The number of clauses in a compound sentence may be greater than 2, and in this
case the conjunctions uniting the clauses may be different. The length of the CS in
terms of the number of its clausal parts is in principle unlimited, since it is
determined by the informative purpose of the speaker.
The semi-compound sentence is a semi-composite sentence built up on the principle
of coordination. Proceeding from the outlined grammatical analysis of the composite
sentence, the structure of the semi-compound sentence is derivationally to be
traced back to minimum two base sentences having an identical element belonging to
one or both of their principal syntactic positions, i.e. either the subject, or the
predicate, or both.
By the process of semi-compounding, the sentences overlap round the identical
element sharing it in coordinative fusion, which can be either syndetic or
asyndetic. Thus, from the formal point of view, a sen�tence possessing coordinated
notional parts of immediately sentential reference (directly related to its
predicative line) is to be treated as semi-compound.
The semi-compound sentence of predicate coordination is derived from minimum two
base sentences having identical subjects. By the act of semi-compounding, one of
the base sentences in most cases of textual occurrence becomes the leading clause
of complete structure, while the other one is transformed into the sequential
coordinate semi-clause (ex�pansion) referring to the same subject.
By the number of bases joined (and predicate phrases representing them), semi-
compound sentences may be two-base (minimal) or multi-base (more than minimal two-
base). The coordinated expansion is con�nected with the leading part either
syndetically or asyndetically.
The syndetic formation of the semi-compound sentence expresses, first, copulative
connection of events; then, contrast, either comparative or adversative;
furthermore, disjunction (alternation), consequence, lim�itation, elucidation. The
conjunctive elements effecting this syndetic semi-compounding of sentences are both
pure conjunctions and also words of adverbial nature. The pure conjunction and, the
same as with pleni-com-pound sentences, expresses the unmarked semantic type of
semi-com�pounding; the rest of the connectors render various marked types of it.
The asyndetic formation of the semi-compound sentence stands by its functional
features close to the syndetic and-formation in so far as it does not give a
rigorous characterization (semantic, mark) to the intro�duced expansion. At the
same time its functional range is incomparably narrower than that of the and-
formation.
The central connective meaning distinguishing the asyndetic connec�tion of
predicative parts in semi-compound sentences is enumeration of events, either
parallel or consecutive. In accord with the enumerative function, asyndetic semi-
compounding more often than not is applied to a larger set of base sentences than
the minimal two. Characteristic of enumerative and gradational semi-compound
sen�tences is the construction where the first two parts are joined asyndetically,
and the third part syndetically.