SENTENCE:

GENERAL POINTS
 The sentence is the immediate
integral unit of speech which is built
up of words according to a definite
syntactic pattern. The sentence is
considered the main of object of
syntax as part of grammatical theory.
The division of the sentence into its
notional (parts (subject, objects,
attributes, predicate, adverbial
modifiers) is called grammatical, or
syntactical division.
There are 2 types of sentences in
English: simple and complex
A simple sentence – a sentence having
no coordinate or subordinate clauses.
 The subject – is the principal part of a two-
member sentence which is grammatically
independent of the other parts of the sentence
and on which the second principal part (the
predicate) is grammatically dependent, i. e. in
most cases it agrees with the subject in number
and person.
The predicate – is the second principal part
of the sentence which expresses an action,
state, or quality of the person or thing
denoted by the subject. It is grammatically
dependent upon the subject.
 The object – is a secondary part of the
sentence which completes or restricts the
meaning of a verb or sometimes an
adjective, a word denoting state, or a
noun.
 The attribute –is a secondary part of the
sentence which qualifies a noun, a
pronoun, or any other part of speech that
has a nominal character. An attribute can
be either in pre-position or in post-position
to the word it modifies.
 The adverbial modifier – is a secondary
part of the sentence which modifies a verb,
an adjective or an adverb.
 The complex sentence is a polypredicative
construction built up on the principle of
subordination. It is derived from two or more
clauses one of which is the principle clause
playing the role of the matrix to the other,
subordinate, clauses.
 Subordinate clauses are classified into
substantive nominal, qualification nominal
and adverbial clauses of different types.
 The connective elements in the complex
sentence fall into two basic groups:
positional and non-positional. The non-
positional connective elements are pure
conjunctions. The positional subordinators
are in fact conjunction substitutes.
 Complex sentences which have two or
more subordinate clauses discriminate two
basic types of subordination: parallel and
consecutive. Subordinate clauses referred
to the same principal clause are
subordinated in parallel.
The compound sentence is a composite sentence
built on the principle of coordination. The main
semantic relations in the compound sentence
are copulative, adversative, disjunctive, causal,
consequential, resultative.
 The compound sentence is derived from
two or more base sentences. The first
clause is called “leading” (the leader
clause), the successive clauses are
“sequential”. The coordinating connectors
are divided into conjunctions proper and
semi-functional clausal connectors of
adverbial character.
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