Câu 12: What have you known about “coordination: phrasal and clausal”?

 Coordination
- In linguistics, coordination- through the use of “coordination
conjunctions” known as “coordinators” such as “and” , “or” , “but” – is
used to join linguistic units that equivalent or of the same rank.
Example: Do you like coffee or tea? => “or” is coordinator
- Coordination can be contrasted with subordination, a complex
structure in which the component parts do not have parallel functions.
 Phrasal coordination.
- A phrasal coordination is coordination of phrases that cannot be seen
as reduced from coordination of sentences.
Example: Lan and I met at last.
=> The coordination of “ Lan and I” cannot be to reduced to a
coordination of “ Lan met at last” and “I met at last”
 Clausal coordination
- A clausal coordination is coordination of clauses.
Example: She didn’t want their help, but she had to accept it.
Câu 13: What is a complex sentence? Can you briefly state the
differences between “subordination” and “coordination”? Give some
examples for illustration?
 A complex sentence
- According to Linguisticlly, a sentence which has independent clause or
main clause joined by one or more dependent clauses or subordinate
clauses is called a complex sentence.
- It always has a subordinator, like as “since, after, although, because,
when,etc.”
Example: I quit my desirable job because it’s too heavy for me
I have been waiting the next season film since I was 19
 The differences between “subordination” and “coordination”
- Coordination and Subordination are important concepts to understand
because they allow a writer either to connect two independent clauses for
concise writing or to separate two independent clauses and create a
dependent clause in order to provide a cause and effect between the two
ideas.
- Coordination — uses coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs
(with appropriate punctuation), or punctuation to combine short
independent clauses into a single sentence. Coordination implies the
balance of elements that are of equal semantic value in the sentence.
1. Coordinating conjunctions are the FANBOYS: “for”, “and”, “nor”,
“but”, “or”, “yet”, “so.” Each conjunction implies a slightly different
meaning than the other, so it’s important to choose the appropriate word
for the relationship between the ideas being connected.
2. Conjunctive adverbs are also used to show sequence, contrast, cause
and effect, and other relationships. Some conjunctive adverbs are
“however”, “accordingly”, “furthermore”, “also”, etc. In most cases, a
semicolon is needed to connect two clauses with a conjunctive adverb.
Example: The football game has been postponed. We will have to do
something else. (2 simple sentences with no coordination or
subordination, but note how coordination occurs below).