Correlative/Paired Conjunction

Pengertian Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunction adalah conjunction (kata hubung) yang digunakan berpasangan untuk
menunjukkan hubungan antara dua kata, frasa (phrase), atau klausa (clause).
Elemen kalimat yang dihubungkan biasanya bersifat paralel (kedudukannya sejajar)
secara struktur gramatikal. Kata hubung ini disebut juga paired conjunction.
Lihat juga:

Aturan
1. tobe tergantung dari subject terdekat (singular / Plural )
ex: a. neither john nor budi is clever
b. Not only a bird but also the airplanes are flying
c. either the blue car or the red car run fast
exaption : Both ___ and ( Plural )
2. Berhubungan yang berbanding, yaitu antara  Verb – verb

(same structure) Adj – Adj

Noun – Noun, etc.

Correlative Conjunctions
You know what a conjunction is, you've mastered coordinating conjunctions, and you're pretty
sure you understand subordinating conjunctions; there's just one more hurdle now between you
and total conjunction domination: correlative conjunctions. Fear not, Grammar Conquistador.
You are about to be victorious.
What Are Correlative Conjunctions?
Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have
to use both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name
from the fact that they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative
conjunctions include pairs such as "both/and," "either/or," "neither/nor," "not/but" and "not
only/but also." For example:

 either/or - I want either the cheesecake or the chocolate cake.

 both/and - We'll have both the cheesecake and the chocolate cake.
 whether/or - I didn't know whether you'd want the cheesecake or the chocolate cake, so I got
both.
 neither/nor - Oh, you want neither the cheesecake nor the chocolate cake? No problem.
 not only/but also - I'll eat them both - not only the cheesecake but also the chocolate cake.
 not/but - I see you're in the mood not for desserts but appetizers. I'll help you with those, too.

Here are some more useful pairs of correlative conjunctions:

 as/as - Bowling isn't as fun as skeet shooting.
 such/that - Such was the nature of their volatile relationship that they never would have
made it even if they'd wanted to.

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 scarcely/when - I had scarcely walked in the door when I got an urgent call and had to run
right back out again.
 as many/as - There are as many curtains as there are windows.
 no sooner/than - I'd no sooner lie to you than strangle a puppy.
 rather/than - She'd rather play the drums than sing.
A great way to practice these pairs is to flip through these correlative conjunctions
flashcards until you feel like you're a pro!

Correlative Conjunctions Hook It Up

Correlative conjunctions are more similar to coordinating conjunctions than to subordinating
conjunctions because the sentence fragments they connect are usually equal. Subordinating
conjunctions connect independent clauses and dependent clauses, which have very different
functions. Coordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions, on the other hand, connect
words and phrases that carry equal weight in the sentence.

For example, "both/and" connects either two subjects or two objects:

 Both Jon and Lauren enjoyed the movie. (subjects)

 Jon enjoyed both the movie and the company. (objects)
"As/as" compares nouns using an adjective or an adverb:
 Peter is as tall as Jeff.
 A lion can't run as fast as a cheetah.
"Not only/but also" can connect nouns or entire clauses:
 I'm not only going to the concert, but also meeting the band backstage!
 Not only will I see your $10, but also raise you $20.

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 PENJELASAN LENGKAP CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
February 25, 2016 by efin.marifatika

You read: penjelasan lengkap correlative conjunctions

Good morning class!!!

Do you remember the last topic? Yes, it was about Coordinating Conjunctions. Masih
berhubungan dengan topik sebelumnya, kali ini kita akan bahas mengenai Penjelasan
Lengkap Correlative Conjunctions.

“Apa pengertian correlative conjunctions?”, “Apa saja yang termasuk correlative

conjunctions?”, “Apa fungsicorrelative conjunctions?”, serta “Bagaimana
penggunaan correlative conjunctions dalam kalimat? Come on! Let’s answer those
questions.

PENGERTIAN CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

According to Gucker (1966: 73), Correlative conjunctions are the coordinating
conjunctions (and, but, or and nor) used with both, not only, either, and neither.
Correlatives are always used in pairs.

Correlative conjunctions adalah conjunctions (and, but, or dan nor) yang selalu
digunakan berpasangan dengan both, not only, either, dan neither. Correlative
conjunctions tersebut diantaranya:

 both … and …
 not only … but also …
 either … or …
 neither … nor …

PENGGUNAAN CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS DALAM KALIMAT

1. Perhatikan kelas tata bahasa (grammatical class)

Sama seperti coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions menghubungkan

kelas dalam tata bahasa yang sama, yakni menghubungkan kata benda dengan kata
benda (nouns with nouns), kata kerja dengan kata kerja (verb with verb), dll.

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat yang menggunakan correlative conjunctions:

 Both Mario and Junio join English Community. (menghubungkan nouns)

 Renata is not only smart but also beautiful. (menghubungkan adjectives)
 My sister speaks either loudly or quietly. (menghubungkan adverbs)
 William neither studies nor reads book. (menghubungkan verbs)

2. Perhatikan kesesuaian Subjek dan Kata kerja (Subject-Verb Agreement)

Ada aturan untuk menentukan verb (kata kerja) dalam menggunakan correlative
conjunctions. Berikut adalah aturannya:

• Both (Subject 1) and (Subject 2) + Verb Plural (kata kerja jamak).

→ Both Rudi and Matien play guitar.

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• Not only (Subject 1) but also (Subject 2) + Verb Subject 2.
→ Not only the teacher but also the students go to museum.

• Either (Subject 1) or (Subject 2) + Verb Subject 2.

→ Either the child or the parents enjoy watching movies.

• Neither (Subject 1) nor (Subject 2) + Verb Subject 2.

→ Neither the parents nor the child enjoys watching movies.

3. Perhatikan pembalikan (inversion)

Pola pembalikan (inversion) umumnya berlaku pada not only… but also apabila not
only diikuti oleh subject danverb. Berikut adalah polanya:

• Not only + Auxiliary + Subject + ordinary + but also + Subject + Verb

→ Not only did he visited me, but also he gave me chocolate.

• Not only + Auxiliary + Subject + ordinary + but also + Subject + Verb

→ Not only will she go to market, but also she will go to book store.

Okay, class. Bagaimana materinya? Nah, itu semua materi mengenai Penjelasan
Lengkap Correlative Conjunctions meliputi pengertian dan penggunaan correlative
conjunctions dalam kalimat. Sekarang sudah tahu kan pengertian dan
penggunaannya? Terus belajar dan berlatih ya. Semoga materi ini dapat menambah
pengetahuan kita semua.

What is a Correlative Conjunction? Definition,

Examples of Correlating Conjunctions
Correlative conjunction definition: Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that
function as separable compounds, occurring in pairs, and have corresponding
meanings.

What is a Correlative Conjunction?

A conjunction is a part of speech that connects or coordinates words, phrases, or
clauses.
A correlative conjunction is a type of conjunction that functions in a pair, with both words
working together to balance words, phrases, or clauses.

This pair of conjunctions “correlates” together.

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Correlative Conjunctions List
There are many examples of correlative conjunctions; some are used more frequently
than others, but here is list of the most common pairs

 Both / and
 Either / or
 Hardly / when
 If / then
 Just as / so
 Neither / nor
 Not only / but also
 Rather / or
 Whether / or
Of this list, the most common by far are,

 Either / or
 Neither / nor
 Not only / but also

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions must balance sentences and ideas. They are only used when
equal, correlative ideas are presented.

 Either you will eat your dinner or you will go to bed.

 He is neither employed nor looking for a job.
 Not only do I love this band, but I have also seen them in concert twice.

Be Careful When Using Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions must be used mindfully. In that sense, they are
like semicolons—they should only be used in order to balance a sentence. They should
not be used with ideas that are disparate or unequal.

Verb Agreement
What is verb agreement? As will all clauses, it is important to maintain verb
agreement when using correlative conjunctions.
If a coordinating conjunction is used to connect subjects, the verb must agree with the
second subject regardless of the first subject. (However, the subjects themselves must
be balanced and related.)
Examples:
 Every day either the cats or the dog reacts to the mailman.
 This sentence has two subjects: the cats and the dog. The second subject, the
dog, is the subject that must agree with the verb. Therefore, the sentence
reads: “the dog reacts” not “the dog react.”
 Neither my cousin nor my siblings enjoy roller coasters.
 This sentence has two subjects: my cousin and my siblings. The second
subject, my siblings, is the subject that must agree with the verb. Therefore,
the sentence reads: “my siblings enjoy” not “my siblings enjoys.”
Pronoun Agreement

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What is pronoun agreement? When using a correlative conjunction that has two
antecedents before it, the correlative conjunction must agree with the
second antecedent.
It is important to maintain pronoun-antecedent agreement when using correlative
conjunctions.

Examples:
 Neither the teacher nor the students like their new textbooks.
 This sentence has two antecedents: the teacher and the students. The second
antecedent, students, is the antecedent that must agree with the pronoun.
Therefore, the sentence uses “their” and not “his” or “her.”
 Neither the students nor the teacher likes her new textbooks.
 This sentence has two antecedents: the students and the teacher. The second
antecedent, teacher, is the antecedent that must agree with the pronoun.
Therefore, the sentence uses “her” and not “their.”

Parallel Structure
What is parallel structure? Correlative conjunctions call for parallel structure. Parallel
structure must be used in order to create balanced sentences. The parts of the sentence
that follow the conjunction must be grammatically equal.
Examples:
 Not only did Jerry bake a cake, but he also prepared a pie.
 Jerry not only baked a cake but he also prepared a pie.
 These sentence have two clauses. Each clause is balanced with word order
and structure.

Do Not Create a Double Negative with Neither Nor

Using the correlative conjunctions neither and norhave the same rules as
using either and or.
Neither and nor are simply a negative form of eitherand or. Since neither and nor are
themselves negative constructions, it is important to not create a double negative when
using them.
To make sure you are not using a double negative, simply substitute either/or.
If either/or substitutes and no other changes need to be made for the sentence to make
sense, you wrote the sentence correctly and did not create a double negative.
Correct example:
 Neither my friends nor my parents will join me at the movies.
 With either/or substitution: Either my friends or my parents will join me at the
movies.
Incorrect example creating double negative:
 Neither my friends nor my parents will not join me at the movies.
 The meaning of this sentence is actually that my friends or my parents will join
me, which is not what the speaker is trying to say.

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 Summary: What are Correlative Conjunctions?
Define correlative conjunction: the definition of correlative conjunction is a set of
conjunctions that function in pairs and have corresponding meanings with their pair.
In summary, a correlative conjunction:

 is pairing of two conjunctions that correlate

 must be used with balanced words, phrases, and clauses,
must be used with proper grammar

What is a Correlative Conjunction?

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions which work together to coordinate two items.
They always appear in pairs. This means that you use them to link equivalent sentence elements.
There are many different pairs of correlative conjunctions:
 either…or
 not only…but (also)
 neither…nor
 both…and
 whether…or
 just as…so
 the…the
 as…as
 as much…as
 no sooner…than
 rather…than
Technically speaking, correlative conjunctions consist simply of a coordinating
conjunction linked to an adjective or adverb.
Correlative Conjunctions Examples
 The company deals in both hardware and software.
 I will eat either carrots or peas for dinner.
 Natalie, likes neither milk nor cream cake.
 Do you care whether we have noodles or rice for dinner?
 He not only studies hard but also works well.
 It’s such a tiny kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
 Scarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang.
 No sooner did he enter the room than he saw a snake.

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Correlative Conjunction Image

Correlative Conjunctions
What is a correlative conjunction?
Correlative conjunctions, or paired conjunctions, are sets of conjunctions that are always used
together. Likecoordinating conjunctions, they join words, phrases, or independent clauses of
similar or equal importance and structure. Unlike coordinating conjunctions, they can only join
two elements together, no more. Some of the most common correlative conjunctions are:

 both … and
 either … or
 just as … so
 neither … nor
 not … but
 not only … but also
 whether … or

Functions of correlative conjunctions

both … and
We use both … and when we want to put emphasis on two elements that are true in a sentence.
We could also use the coordinating conjunction and, but it doesn’t achieve the same emphatic
effect. Compare:

 “This house is large and cozy.”

 “This house is both large and cozy.”
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  “She cleaned her room and washed the dishes.”
 “She both cleaned her room and washed the dishes.”

 “My mother and father are bookworms.”

 “Both my mother and my father are bookworms.”

In the above examples, the sentences using both … and are more emphatic. Note, however, that
the both … andconstruction doesn’t join independent clauses, only words or phrases.

either … or
We use either … or to present two options. Again, it emphasizes the fact that the choice is
limited to only the two given options. For example:

 “I want to paint the house either white or green.”

 “Let’s either go swimming or go shopping.”
 “Either your father will pick you up, or you’ll get a ride home with a friend.”

neither … nor
We use neither … nor to negate two options. For example:

 “I have neither the time nor the patience for silly TV programs.” (I don’t have time, and I
don’t have patience.)
 “Neither James nor Mike enjoys playing basketball.” (James and Mike both do not enjoy
playing basketball.)
 “Neither does he understand, nor does he care.” (He doesn’t understand, and he
doesn’t care.)

Note that when neither and nor begin two independent clauses, we must use negative
inversion (the reversal of the subject and auxiliary verb) for each, as in the third example.

not … but
We use not … but to express a contradiction, negating the first option while emphasizing the
second. For example:

 “He’s not happy but thrilled!”

 “She did not like but loved her new earrings.”
 “Not just one friend turned up to help, but the entire team arrived.”

not only … but also

We use not only … but also to emphasize an additional element in the sentence, especially when
its occurrence seems contradictory or surprising in light of what we already know. For example:

 “This house is not only large but also cozy.” (The speaker believes that large houses are
not usually cozy.)
 “She not only cleaned her room, but she also washed the dishes.” (The speaker is
surprised that she did both chores.)
 “Not only is she an award-winning singer, but she also runs track.” (The speaker is
impressed that she is able to do these two unrelated activities.)

Note that when not only is used to introduce an independent clause, as in the third example, we
must use negative inversion (like with neither … nor). When but begins the second independent
clause, the subject comes between it and also.

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just as … so
We use just as … so to indicate that the two elements being joined are similar. Usually, just
as begins an independent clause, and so is followed by a second independent clause.
Traditionally, the clause after so should be inverted, as in:

 “Just as I love films, so does my brother love sports.”

 “Just as Americans love baseball, so do Europeans love soccer.”
 “Just as French is spoken in France, so is English spoken in England.”

However, it’s also common (especially in informal writing and speech) for this structure to
occur without inversion, as in:

 “Just as I love films, so my brother loves sports.”

 “Just as Americans love baseball, so Europeans love soccer.”
 “Just as French is spoken in France, so English is spoken in England.”

whether … or
We use whether … or to express doubt between two possible options. Whether has the same
meaning as if in this regard. For example:

 “I don’t know whether the white paint or the green paint is better.”
 “He’s not sure whether he’ll be able to attend the game or not.”

We also use whether … or to indicate that something will happen no matter which choice is
made. For example:

 “Whether we stay home and eat a pizza, or we go out and watch a film, I’m sure we’ll
have a good time.”
 “I’m going to help you whether you like it or not.”

Using correlative conjunctions

Parallel Structure
When we use correlative conjunctions, it’s important to use parallel structure, especially in
formal writing. Parallel structure requires both elements that are joined by the correlative
conjunction to be equal. For example:

 “This house is both large and cozy.” (Two adjectives are joined.)
 “Let’s either go swimming or go shopping.” (Two verb phrases are joined.)
 “Either your father will pick you up, or you’ll get a ride home with a friend.” (Two
independent clauses are joined.)

Using correlative conjunctions to join non-parallel structures is considered incorrect. For

example:

 “It was both a long movie and boring.” (Incorrect—a noun phrase is joined with an adjective
phrase.)
 “I’m not sure whether the white paint or painting it green would be better.” (Incorrect—a
noun phrase is joined with a verb phrase.)
 “Either your father will pick you up or a friend.” (Incorrect—an independent clause is joined
with a noun phrase.)

Although the sentences above may be heard in everyday speech, they are considered incorrect.
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Punctuation
When we use a correlative conjunction to join two independent clauses, we separate the two
clauses with a comma, as in:

 “Either your father will pick you up, or you’ll get a ride home with a friend.”
 “Not only is she an award-winning singer, but she also runs track.”
 “She not only cleaned her room, but she also washed the dishes.”

We generally do not use commas when the two elements being joined are not independent
clauses. For example:

 “This house is both large and cozy.”

 “I want to paint the house either white or green.”
 “Neither James nor Mike enjoys playing basketball.”

Subject-verb agreement
When we join two subjects with a correlative conjunction, subject-verb agreement can be tricky.
Luckily, there are some widely accepted rules to help us.

Two singular subjects

In general, when we join two singular subjects using a correlative conjunction, the verb that
follows should be singular. For example:

 “Neither the plumber nor the electrician is here yet.”

 “Not only Mike but also Daniel is coming with us.”

One exception to this rule is when using both … and. In this case, we use a plural subject:

 “Both Mike and Daniel are coming with us.”

Two plural subjects

When we join two plural subjects, the verb that follows should also be plural. For example:

 “Neither the plumbers nor the electricians are here yet.”

 “Not only Mike’s friends but also Daniel’s friends are coming with us.”

One singular and one plural subject

Sometimes, we join a singular subject to a plural subject. In this case, the majority of style
guides state that the verb should agree with the noun that is closest to it. For example:

 “Every day both the cat and the dogs wake me up.” (Wake is plural because the dogs is
plural.)
 “Neither my cousins nor my mom likes swimming.” (Likes is singular, because mom is
singular.)

However, there are also those who believe that if either of the subjects is plural, then the verb
should also be plural. According to this preference, the second sentence above would require
the plural form of the verb because the first subject, my cousins, is plural:

 “Neither my cousins nor my mom like swimming.”

If this is confusing or you’re not sure which style you should use, you can avoid the problem
entirely by switching the order of the subjects so that the plural subject comes closest to the
verb. In this way, we satisfy both styles:
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  “Neither my mom nor my cousins like swimming.”

Pronoun agreement
Just as we have to take extra care with subject-verb agreement, we also have to be careful with
pronoun agreement when using correlative conjunctions.

Two singular subjects

When we join two singular subjects, we should use a singular pronoun. For example:

 “Neither Mike nor Daniel found his shoes.”

 “Not only Jen but also Sara lost her book.”

Again, both … and presents an exception. We normally use a plural pronoun with this correlative
conjunction:

 “Both Mike and Daniel found their shoes.”

Two plural subjects

When we join two plural subjects, we should use a plural pronoun to refer back to them. For
example:

 “Neither Mike’s friends nor Daniel’s friends brought their shoes.”

 “I don’t know whether the girls or the boys have had their breakfast.”

One singular subject and one plural subject

When we join a singular subject and a plural subject, we run into the same problem that we had
with subject-verb agreement. Again, the most widely accepted practice is that the pronoun
should agree with whichever noun is closest to it. For example:

 “Neither Mike nor his friends stated their opinion.” (Their agrees with his friends.)
 “Neither Mike’s friends nor Mike stated his opinion.” (His agrees with Mike.)

As with subject-verb agreement, the other side of the argument is that if either of the subjects is
plural, the pronoun should be plural. In this case, the second example above would be rewritten
as:
“Neither Mike’s friends nor Mike stated their opinion.”
Again, we can avoid the issue entirely by rewriting the sentence so that the plural subject is
closest to the pronoun:
“Neither Mike nor his friends stated their opinion.”

Contoh Correlative Conjunction

 between … and … (diantara … dan …)

 both … and … (baik … maupun)
 either … or …, neither … nor
 from … to …
 hardly … when, no sooner … than, scarcely … when
 if … then
 not … but (tidak … tapi), not only … but also … (tak hanya …
tapi juga)
 rather … than
 the more … the less (semakin banyak …, semakin sedikit
…), the more … the more (semakin banyak …, semakin banyak)
 whether … or …
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Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

No Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

There are no difference beetwen you and him.

1 (Tidak ada perbedaan antara dirimu dan dirinya.)

She loves both swimming and running.

2 (Dia suka baik renang maupun lari.)

The man is neither handsome nor faithful.

3 (Pria itu tidak tampan ataupun setia.)

Either Nisa or her mother is a scientist.

4 (Entah Nisa atau ibunya adalah ilmuwan.)

I travelled from England to Rome in three days.

5 (Saya bepergian dari Inggris ke Roma dalam tiga hari.)

Hardly had you left the restaurant when the party was started.
(Kamu hampir telah meninggalkan restoran ketika pesta
6 dimulai.)

No sooner did I send the email than the reply came.

7 (Tidak lama dari saya mengirimkan e-mail balasannya datang.)

Scarcely had I finished my work when I went to bed.

8 (Tak lama setelah saya menyelesaikan pekerjaan, saya tidur.)

If you help him now, then he’ll repay oneday.

(Jika kamu menolongnya sekarang, kemudian dia akan
9 membalasnya suatu hari nanti.)

Yuni is not his girl friend but his cousin.

10 (Yuni bukan pacarnya melainkan sepupunya.)

He can drive not only a car but also a helicopter.

11 (Dia tidak hanya bisa mengemudi mobil tapi juga helikopter.)

My parents would rather have lunch in a traditional

restaurant than have lunch in a fast food restaurant.
(Orangtua saya lebih suka makan siang di restoran tradisional
12 daripada di makan siang di restoran cepat saji.)

The more we learn grammar, the less we face difficulties in

writing.
(Semakin banyak kita mempelajari grammar, semakin sedikit
13 kita menghadapi kesulitan-kesulitan didalam menulis.)

The more you give alms to others, the more you get rewards
from God.
(Semakin banyak kamu memberi sedekah kepada orang lain,
14 semakin banyak kamu mendapat imbalan dari Tuhan.)

It doesn’t matter whether you win or (you) lose.

15 (Tidak masalah kamu menang atau kalah.)

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