CONTROLLING

-2-

TYPES OF CONTROL 

1.FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM - THERAPEUTIC- AFTER THE EVENT

This was traditional system / still prevails  in places (OUTDATED) where you take
corrective action after the event - a post mortem approach- has a lag effect- eg how can you
correct a defect on a production line until the whole batch is done,You cant take corrective
action with your sales force/dealer if they were below budget last month if you come to know
this month-its late
Now if the company is online networked with them all,then you can take corrective action in
real time-as its happening .This is one of the biggest benefits of IT NETWORK
communication.
The feedback system works as follows:

DESIRED PERFORMANCE ( STD/BUDGET -what we want to achieve) -----  ACTUAL

PERFORMANCE -----  MEASUREMENT OF PERFORMANCE -------- COMPARISON
OF ACTUAL VS DESIRED ------  ANALYSIS OF CAUSES OF DEVIATION ( why it is
happening )---- -PROGRAM OF CORRECTIVE MEASURES ( what should we do about it)
-------IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES

2. REAL TIME SYSTEM-INSTANT DIAGNOSIS

  Here we identify trouble when it occurs-WARNING LIGHTS /PHOTOELECTRIC

CELLS-SCAN/CCTV/METERS /GUAGES/ - Smoke detected/sprinkles on/ door opened
alarm set off -power off, genset switched on etc
IN A SPERMARKET check out station -yr purchases scanned ,yr bill printed/ ,inventory on
shelf ,instore reduced/ automatic reorder/ cash collection noted for accounts,& gross margin
cumulated noted for P&L- so if supermarket is on-line with warehouse,purchase dept.
supplier/freighter/etc it all happens as the sale is being recorder through the scanner.

3.FEED-FORWARD SYSTEM- PREVENTIVE-PROPHYLACTIC

Here we anticipate the  undesirable event & prevent it through controlling the
quality/quantity of the INPUTS as contrasted with the previous 2 systems where focus is on
OUTPUT.
eg safety device on a machine to avoid mishap
     lock on door to prevent entry
     a hunter aims ahead of his prey to get a hit
     driver accelerates when he sees a sharp climb
    VACCINATION against COVID -prevents you from getting the disease

REQTS FOR A FEED-FORWARD SYSTEM

1. accurate analysis of the planning & control system for identifying KEY INPUT
VARIABLES
- THEIR QUALITY & QUANTITY so you can predict the quality/quantity of the DESIRED
OUTPUT.

2,Develop a model of the system 

3.Update the model to check whether input variables selection are closely related to reality

4.monitor/ collect data on input variables /assess variations between planned input vs actual
input & evaluate impact on expected end results

5 Implement