LEARNING MODULE

IN
EARTH & LIFE SCIENCE
(1ST Quarter)

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read and Analyze the instructions of each Activity carefully.
2. You may write your answers on a clean sheet of paper or
you may answer directly in this file instead.
3. Submit your modules of activities in EDMODO thru
PRIVATE MESSAGE only.
4. FORMAT for submitting modules in EDMODO:
Module #
Surname, Name
STRAND/SECTION
5. Please be guided accordingly. God Bless!
MODULE 5: EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Lesson 1: Characteristics and Properties of Minerals

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:
1. Understand the Earth’s internal structure

INTRODUCTION:
Everyone of us uses products made from minerals every day. Halite is the
mineral found in salt. Graphite is the mineral used in wooden pencil. Imagine your
cellphone; it is made up of different minerals that are sourced from mines throughout
the world. The cars that we drive, the roads that we travel, the building that we live in,
and the fertilizers used to produce our food are just some examples of goods and
products derived from minerals.

Activity 1:
What are the characteristics of a Mineral? Identify each and explain. Minimum of 5
sentences each characteristics.

• Naturally Occurring
Minerals are naturally occurring means that people did not make it. It is formed by
Earth's natural processes. Minerals must occur naturally. People cannot make
minerals. This means man-made substances such as steel aren’t minerals.

• Inorganic
Inorganic. When the chemical composition of a mineral is inorganic, it means that it does
not contain any carbon. It means that it cannot bring life to cells and it was never living. Our
body treats these metals just like toxins. An inorganic compound is typically a chemical
compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound is not an organic
compound.

•Homogeneous Solid
Minerals should have a definite volume. It should also have a rigid shape.
A mineral is a homogeneous solid with a definite, but generally not fixed, chemical
composition and an ordered atomic arrangement formed by inorganic processes.
Homogeneous solid means that it must be chemically and
physically homogeneous down to the basic repeat unit of the atoms.

•Definite Chemical Composition

Definite Chemical Composition means that all occurrences of that mineral have a
chemical composition that varies within a specific limited range and the atoms that
make up the mineral must occur in specific ratios. It means that all occurrences of
that mineral have a mineral composition that varies within a limited range.

•Orderly Crystalline Structure

 Minerals also have a definite chemical composition in which the atoms are arranged
in an orderly pattern called the "crystalline structure". Thousands of different
chemical compositions in crystalline structures occur in nature, and combinations of
these result in thousands of different mineral varieties. This means that the atoms in
a mineral are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.

Activity 2:

Describe the different types of minerals Tenacity. You may depend your answer
from this weeks discussion/presentation that I also posted in our group.

Brittleness-If a mineral is hammered and the result is a powder or small

crumbs, it is considered brittle. Brittle minerals leave a fine powder if
scratched, which is the way to test a mineral to see if it is brittle. The majority
of all minerals are brittle. An example is Quartz.
Malleable - If a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer, it is
malleable. All true metals are malleable.
An example is Silver.
Malleable - If a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer, it is
malleable. All true metals are malleable.
An example is Silver.

Flexible but inelastic - Any mineral that can be bent, but remains in the new
position after it is bent is flexible but inelastic. If the term flexible is singularly
used, it implies flexible but inelastic.
An example is Copper.
Flexible and elastic - When flexible and elastic minerals are bent, they spring
 back to their original position. All fibrous minerals, and
some acicular minerals belong in this category.
An example is Chrysotile Serpentine.X

Sectile - Sectile minerals can be separated with a knife, much like wax but usually not
as soft.
An example is Gypsum.X

You have completed this lesson. We are going to proceed to the next topic
discussion and activities.