Name: Kyanite

Symbol: Ky

Composition: Al2SiO5

Luster:Vitreous, pearly

Hardness: Kyanite often occurs in long, bladed crystals. These have a hardness of 4.5 to 5 along the
length of the crystals and 6.5 to 7 across the width of the crystals.

Color:Blue, white, gray, green, colorless Streak: White, colorless

Cleavage: Perfect in two directions, faces sometimes striated.

Gravity: 3.5 to 3.7

Others: Uses- Ceramics, gemstones

Name: Zoisite

Symbol: Zo

Composition: Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

Luster:Vitreous to granular, sugary

Hardness: 6.5

Color: Colorless, gray, yellow, brown, pink, green, blue, and violet

Streak: White

Cleavage:Perfect in one direction

Gravity:3.2 to 3.4

Others:

Uses- Gemstones (tanzanite, anyolite, and thulite) and small sculptures.

Name: Zircon

Symbol: Zr

Composition: ZrSiO4

Luster:Vitreous to adamantine, sometimes oily.

Hardness: 6 to 7.5

Color: Usually yellow, brown, or red. Also colorless, gray, blue, and green.

Streak: Colorless. Usually harder than the streak plate.

Cleavage: Imperfect

Gravity: 4.6 to 4.7

Others:

Uses-Ore of zirconium metal, ore of zirconium dioxide, whitening agents, white pigment, gemstones,
radiometric dating.

Name: Tourmaline

Symbol: Tur

Composition: (Ca,Na,K,[vacancy]) (Li,Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Al,Cr+3,V+3)3 (Mg,Al,Fe+3,V+3,Cr+3)6

((Si,Al,B)6O18) (BO3)3 (OH,O)3 (OH,F,O)

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness:7 to 7.5

Color:Black is the most common color. Also occurs in blue, green, yellow, pink, red, orange, purple,
brown, and colorless. Single crystals are often color-zoned.

Streak:White when softer than the streak plate. Colorless when harder than the streak plate.

Cleavage:Indistinct

Gravity: 2.8 to 3.3 (varies with changes in chemical composition)

Others:

Uses-A popular gemstone and mineral specimen

Name: Uraninite

Symbol: Urn

Composition: Uranium Oxide, UO2

Luster: Submetallic, greasy, or dull.

Hardness: 5 to 6

Color: Usually gray to black, sometimes brown or greenish

Streak: Brownish black, black, gray, greenish.

Cleavage: Indistinct

Gravity: The ideal specific gravity is between 10 and 11. Oxidation and radioactive decay will alter the
mineralogical composition and can reduce the specific gravity to as low as 6.5.

Others:

Uses-The primary ore of uranium.

Name: Talc

Symbol: Tlc

Composition: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

Luster: Pearly

Hardness: 1

Color: Green, white, gray, brown, colorless

Streak: White to pale green

Cleavage: Perfect

Gravity: 2.7 to 2.8

Others:

Uses-Used as a filler and anti-stick coating in plastics, ceramics, paint, paper, roofing, rubber, cosmetics
Name: Garnet

Symbol: Grt

Composition: General formula: X3Y2(SiO4)3

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 6.5 to 7.5

Color: Typically red, but can be orange, green, yellow, purple, black, or brown. Blue garnets are
extremely rare.

Streak: Colorless

Cleavage: None

Gravity:3.5 to 4.3

Others:

Uses-Waterjet cutting granules, abrasive blasting granules, filtration granules, abrasive grits and
powders, gemstones

Name: Epidote

Symbol: Ep

Composition:Ca2(Al2,Fe)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

Luster: Vitreous to resinous

Hardness: 6 to 7

Color: Usually yellowish green to pistachio green, sometimes brownish green to black

Streak: Colorless

Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, imperfect

Gravity: 3.3 to 3.5

Others:

Uses-Semiprecious gem
Name: Titanite

Symbol: Ttn

Composition:CaTiSiO5

Luster: Resinous to adamantine.

Hardness: 5 to 5.5

Color: Commonly yellow, green, brown, black or gray. Rarely pink, red, or orange.

Streak: White

Cleavage: Fair to good

Gravity: 3.4 to 3.6

Others:

Uses-Minor ore of titanium. Minor gemstone.

Name: Silver

Symbol: Ag

Composition:Ag

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 2.5 to 3

Color: Silvery white

Streak: Silvery white

Cleavage: None

Gravity: 10.0 to 11.0

Others:

Uses-Jewelry, tableware, coins, electronics, photographic films, ornaments

Name: Fluorite

Symbol: Flr

Composition: CaF2

Luster:Vitreous

Hardness:4

Color: Typically purple, green, and yellow. Also colorless, blue, red, and black.

Streak:White

Cleavage: Four directions of perfect cleavage

Gravity: 3.2

Others:

Uses-Numerous uses in the metallurgical, ceramics, and chemical industries. A source of fluorine,
hydrofluoric acid, metallurgical flux. High-clarity pieces are used to make lenses for microscopes,
telescopes, and cameras.

Name: Hornblende

Symbol: Hbl

Composition: (Ca,Na)2–3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH,F)2

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 5 to 6

Color: Usually black, dark green, dark brown

Streak: White, colorless - (brittle, often leaves cleavage debris behind instead of a streak)

Cleavage: Two directions intersecting at 124 and 56 degrees

Gravity: 2.9 to 3.5 (varies depending upon composition)

Others:

Uses-Very little industrial use

Name: Copper

Symbol: Cu

Composition: Copper, Cu

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 2.5 to 3

Color: Copper red on a fresh surface, dull brown on a tarnished surface

Streak: Metallic copper red

Cleavage: None

Gravity: 8.9

Others:

Uses-Conducts electricity and heat; wiring, electrical contacts and circuits; coinage, alloys

Name: Dolomite

Symbol: Dol

Composition: CaMg(CO3)2

Luster: Vitreous, pearly

Hardness: 3.5 to 4

Color: Colorless, white, pink, green, gray, brown, black

Streak: White

Cleavage: Perfect, rhombohedral, three directions

Gravity: 2.8 to 2.9

Others:
Uses-Construction aggregate, cement manufacture, dimension stone, calcined to produce lime,
sometimes an oil and gas reservoir, a source of magnesia for the chemical industry, agricultural soil
treatments, metallurgical flux

Name: Azurite

Symbol: Azu

Composition: Copper carbonate. Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

Luster: Vitreous, earthy

Hardness: 3.5 to 4

Color: Deep blue to violet blue; "azure"

Streak: Light blue

Cleavage: Two distinct directions, one perfect, one poor

Gravity: 3.7 to 3.9

Others:

Uses-Minor ore of copper, gem material, ornamental stone, pigment.

Name: Limonite

Symbol:

Composition: A hydrated iron oxide of variable composition

Luster: Dull to earthy

Hardness: 1 to 5 (weathered material can be deceptively soft)

Color: Yellowish brown to brown to black

Streak: Yellowish brown

Cleavage: Does not cleave because it has an amorphous structure

Gravity: 2.7 to 4.3 (varies due to impurities)

Others:

Uses-Ocher pigments, a minor ore of iron

Name: Bornite

Symbol: Bn

Composition: Copper iron sulfide, Cu5FeS4

Luster: Submetallic to metallic

Hardness: 3

Color: Reddish brown or brownish red on a fresh surface. Iridescent purple, blue, and black on a
tarnished surface.

Streak: Grayish black

Cleavage:Poor

Gravity: 5.0 to 5.1

Others:

Uses-Primarily an ore of copper.

Name: Monazite

Symbol: La

Composition: (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4

Luster: Resinous, waxy, vitreous

Hardness: 5 to 5.5

Color: Yellowish to reddish brown, greenish

Streak: White

Cleavage: Good to poor

Gravity: 4.6 to 5.4 (varies greatly depending upon rare earth type and concentration)

Others:

Uses-An important source of thorium, cerium, and other rare elements. Often mined as a byproduct
from heavy mineral deposits.

Name: Muscovite

Symbol: Ms

Composition: KAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2

Luster: Pearly to vitreous

Hardness: 2.5 to 3

Color: Thick specimens often appear to be black, brown, or silver in color; however, when split into thin
sheets muscovite is colorless, sometimes with a tint of brown, yellow, green, or rose

Streak: White, often sheds tiny flakes

Cleavage: Perfect

Gravity: 2.8 to 2.9

Others:

Uses-Used in the manufacturing of paint, joint compound, plastics rubber, asphalt roofing, cosmetics,
drilling mud.

Name: Pyrite

Symbol: Py

Composition: Iron sulfide, FeS2

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 6 to 6.5

Color: Brass yellow - often tarnished to dull brass

Streak: Greenish black to brownish black

Cleavage: Breaks with a conchoidal fracture

Gravity: 4.9 to 5.2

Others:

Uses-Ore of gold

Name: Rhodonite

Symbol: Rdn

Composition: (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Luster: Pearly to vitreous

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5

Color: Pink, red, reddish brown to brown when weathered

Streak: White

Cleavage: Perfect, two directions, 90 degrees

Gravity: 3.5 to 3.7

Others:

Uses-Decorative stone, gemstones

Name: Graphite

Symbol: C

Composition: C

Luster: Metallic, sometimes submetallic or earthy

Hardness: 1 to 2
Color: Steel gray to black

Streak: Black

Cleavage: Perfect in one direction

Gravity: 2.1 to 2.3

Others:

Uses-Used to manufacture heat and chemical resistant containers and other objects. Battery anodes. A
dry lubricant. The "lead" in pencils.

Name: Quartz

Symbol: Qz

Composition: SiO2

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 7

Color: Quartz occurs in virtually every color. Common colors are clear, white, gray, purple, yellow,
brown, black, pink, green, red.

Streak: Colorless (harder than the streak plate)

Cleavage: None - typically breaks with a conchoidal fracture

Gravity: 2.6 to 2.7

Others:

Uses-Glass making, abrasive, foundry sand, hydraulic fracturing proppant, gemstones

Name: Diopside

Symbol: Di
Composition: MgCaSi2O6

Luster: Vitreous, sugary, earthy.

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5

Color: Grayish white, light blue to purple, light green to vivid green, brown, black.

Streak: White to light green.

Cleavage: Two distinct directions, at 87 and 93 degrees; imperfect; prismatic.

Gravity: 3.2 to 3.5

Others:

Uses-Gemstone, diamond indicator mineral, potential industrial use in ceramics.

Name: Chrysoberyl

Symbol: Cbrl

Composition: Beryllium aluminum oxide, BeAl2O4

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 8.5

Color: Usually ranges from brown to pale yellow, yellow-green and green

Streak: Colorless

Cleavage: Poor, prismatic

Gravity: 3.7 to 3.8

Others:

Uses-As a gemstone: chrysoberyl when transparent, "cat's-eye" when chatoyant, and "alexandrite" in
specimens that exhibit color change.
Name: Lepidolite

Symbol: Lpd

Composition: K(Li,Al3)(AlSi3)O10(OH,F)2

Luster: Pearly to vitreous.

Hardness: 2.5 to 3.5

Color: Usually pink, red, or purple, often grayish. Rarely colorless or yellow.

Streak: White to colorless. Often sheds tiny flakes upon hardness testing.

Cleavage: Perfect in one direction.

Gravity: 2.8 to 3.0

Others:

Uses-Used as an ore of lithium. Crushed for use as flake mica. Used to make glass and enamel. Used as a
minor gemstone.

Name: Chalcopyrite

Symbol:Ccp

Composition: Copper iron sulfide, CuFeS2

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 3.5 to 4

Color: Brass yellow. Tarnishes to gray green, sometimes iridescent.

Streak: Greenish black

Cleavage: Poor

Gravity: 4.1 to 4.3

Others:

Uses-The most important ore of copper for thousands of years.

Name: Pyrrhotite

Symbol: Pyh

Composition: Iron sulfide, Fe(1-x)S (where x = 0 to 0.17)

Luster: Metallic, usually tarnished.

Hardness: 3.5 to 4

Color: Brownish bronze, reddish bronze, yellowish bronze.

Streak: Grayish black.

Cleavage: None; may exhibit subconchoidal fracture

Gravity: 4.5 to 4.7

Others:

Uses-Sometimes mined as an ore of nickel or along with pentlandite. A historic ore of iron and source of
sulfur.

Name: Cassiterite
Symbol: Cst

Composition: Tin oxide, SnO2

Luster: Adamantine, splendent to submetallic

Hardness: 6 to 7

Color: Reddish brown, to brown to black

Streak: A trace of white to no streak at all. It is often harder than the streak plate.

Cleavage: Imperfect

Gravity: 6.8 to 7.1

Others:

Uses-An ore of tin, a collector’s gem, mineral specimens

Name: Galena

Symbol: Gn

Composition: Lead sulfide, PbS

Luster: Metallic on fresh surfaces, tarnishes dull

Hardness: 2.5+

Color:Fresh surfaces are bright silver in color with a bright metallic luster, tarnishes to a dull lead gray

Streak: Lead gray to black

Cleavage: Perfect, cubic, three directions at right angles

Gravity: 7.4 to 7.6

Others:

Uses-An ore of lead

Assignment
in
Earth Science
Submitted by:

Karl Mhelo D. Jazmin

Grade-11-STEM 2