Introduction:

We’ll be exploring clors of eyes of people around the world. Eyes are an attractive part of
human body and its color range is an interesting topic to study.  Most of us are taught in high
school biology that two blue-eyed parents are guaranteed to have blue-eyed kids, but it’s not that
straightforward. The genetics of eye color is very complicated. All blue eyes are not created
equal because eye color is determined by many different gene combinations. The most attractive
colors survey from people is also discussed.

Significance of Color of Eyes:

Scientists Say Your Eye Color Reveals Information about Your Personality. We have all heard
the clichéd expression that “eyes are the window to the soul,” but now it appears that science can
help back that it up! We’ve all seen various personality tests that tell us a little about our fortune
and personality like this one that says the door you choose reveals secrets about your soul, but
our eyes are an actual physical part of us and can tell us even more.

Scientists at Orebro University in Sweden studied 428 subjects to see if their personalities were
linked to the irises in their eye. They found that our eye color is affected by the same genes that
form our frontal lobes, thus there are distinctly shared behaviors in people with similar irises.

Dr. Anthony Fallone of Edinburgh University has studied the links between eyes and personality
as well. He says, “The eye is so closely linked neurologically to the brain that you might call it
the only part of our brain you can see from the outside. It seems to hold vital clues to our brain
function.”

If you’re like me, my hazel eyes frequently change color depending on what I’m wearing. They
can be exceptionally dark or a brighter green. That’s why I was fascinated to see attributes
of each of those eye colors linked to my personality.

How Eye Color Develops:

The colored part of the eye is called the iris, which has pigmentation that determines our eye
color.

Human eye color originates with three genes, two of which are well understood. These genes
account for the most common colors — green, brown, and blue. Other colors, such as gray, hazel
and multiple combinations are not fully understood or explainable at this time.
We used to think of brown being "dominant" and blue being "recessive." But modern science has
shown that eye color is not at all that simple.

Also, eye colors don't come out as a blend of the parents' colors, as in mixing paint. Each parent
has two pairs of genes on each chromosome. So multiple possibilities exist, depending on how
the "Wheel of Fortune" spins.
Dutch researchers have announced they are working on ways to determine eye color of adults
with sophisticated DNA analysis that can predict with 90 percent accuracy whether people have
brown or blue eyes.
Following is the result of a survey from people through online portal.

After collecting 66,493 responses to our eye color poll, we thought it was time to share the
results with you:
Green was the winner among our site visitors, but responses were spread pretty well over most of
the other shades, too.

Most babies are born with blue eyes that can darken in their first three years. Darkening occurs
if melanin, a brown pigment usually not present at birth, develops with age.
Children can have completely different eye colors than either of their parents. But if both parents
have brown eyes, it's most likely that their children also will have brown eyes.
The darker colors tend to dominate, so brown tends to win out over green, and green tends to win
out over blue.

However, a brown/blue parent mix doesn't automatically produce a brown-eyed child.

Some children are born with irises that don't match in color. Usually this is caused by faulty
developmental pigment transport, local trauma either in the womb or shortly after birth or a
benign genetic disorder.

Other causes can be inflammation, freckle (diffuse nevus) of the iris and Horner's syndrome.
Having an early eye exam is important to make sure nothing serious is going on — and "nothing
serious" is the most common finding.

Colors of Eyes:

Blue Eyes:

Blue eyes have a low level of pigment present in the iris. Recently, scientists announced that
everyone with blue eyes is related! Because of various racial groups intermarrying, blue eyes,
which are generally recessive, are becoming rarer and rarer. (Note: I recently asked my blue-
eyed in-laws how they produced my amber-eyed spouse, incorrectly telling them it was
genetically impossible.

Brown Eyes:

Brown is the most common eye color. Individuals with brown eyes have more melanin present,
and over half of the people in the world have brown eyes.

Gray Eyes:

Gray eyes may be called “blue” at first glance, but they tend to have flecks of gold and brown.
And they may appear to “change color” from gray to blue to green depending on clothing,
lighting, and mood (which may change the size of the pupil, compressing the colors of the iris).

Green Eyes:

Green is the least common eye color, but it is found most frequently in northern and central
Europe. I have always incorrectly called this color eye hazel!
Hazel Eyes:

Hazel eyes mostly consist of shades of brown and green. Much like gray eyes, hazel eyes may
appear to “change color” from green to light brown to gold. Individuals whose eyes appear to be
one color closest to the pupil, another color a little farther our, and another color around the edge
of the iris are likely to have hazel eyes.

Red Eyes:

Red eyes do exist. “Red?” you say. “Yes, red,” I say, although we often call them pink. Picture
white bunnies with pink eyes. What you’re actually seeing in these rabbits and in albinos is the
blood vessels behind the iris. Because there is so little melanin in the eyes, there is nothing to
conceal the blood vessels hard at work. These red eyes are different from the red eyes you
sometimes see in photographs when a flash is used. The red you see in pictures is a reflection of
the flash off of the back of the eye, which is filled with blood vessels.

Topology of Colors of Eyes:

Dark eyes: Less likely to have macular degeneration:

People with light-colored eyes had double the risk of age-related macular degeneration of

those with dark or intermediate iris colors, found a study of 171 participants published in the

diary Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. "A dark iris blocks more ultraviolet light,"

says optometrist Christopher Quinn, OD, secretary-treasurer of the American Optometric

Association. "UV light is a risk calculate for macular degeneration. Additional light that gets

into the eyes of people with light-colored irises may cause them to have more retinal

degeneration."

Dark eyes: Lower melanoma risk:

Dark-colored irises may show you have a lower risk of skin cancer. In a study published

in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, analysts took DNA samples and

accumulated sun exposure data from almost 500 white youngsters, ages 6 to 10, for a long

time. Kids with the blue-eye quality will probably develop moles contrasted with kids

without the quality. (The quantity of moles people develop amid youth can anticipate risk of

melanoma in adulthood.) Other research has found that people with blue or green eyes are at

more serious risk of melanomas of the eye, likely because they have less light-engrossing

color to shield the eyes from sun harm. Yet, regardless of what color your eye shade, it's

dependably a smart thought to secure your eyes with expansive shades or UV-permeable

contact lenses, says Quinn.

Light eyes: More competitive:

Australian scientists solicited 336 participants from white European plunge to finish

surveys intended to gauge personality factors. Pleasing factors were dictated by how nearly

participants related to articulations, for example, "I make people feel calm" or "I consider

myself to be somebody who is accommodating and kind to practically everybody." Those

with dark eyes will probably be related with words like "liberality, benevolence, and

compassion" than light-eyed people, whose identities were pegged not so much pleasing but

rather more focused. In spite of the fact that more research is required, scientists propose the

outcomes could need to do with developmental roots. A huge number of years prior,

Northern Europeans may have discovered light-colored eyes intriguing or more attractive and

ideal for mating, potentially giving blue-eyed people an aggressive edge.

Dark eyes: Considered more trustworthy:

In a study published in PLOS ONE, specialists solicited 238 volunteers to rate photos

from people for dependability. By and large, participants evaluated dark colored eyed faces

as more dependable than blue-eyed faces. Be that as it may, when analysts carefully changed

the eye colors, the evaluations stayed reliable. This drove analysts to break down the

relationship between's eye color and facial components. They found that men with dark eyes

have a tendency to have more extra reliable qualities than those with light eyes, (for example,

greater mouths, more extensive jaws, and greater eyes—highlights that mirror how faces

normally express joy.) More research is required, particularly to decide the connection for

ladies, who didn't demonstrate a similar relationship amongst's dependability and face shape.
 REFERENCES

Dr M Rabago-Smith, “Genotype–phenotype associations and human eye color”, Journal of

Human Genetics 24 October 2010

Briscoe, T. (2015, June 02). Scientists Say Your Eye Color Reveals Information About Your
Personality. Mine Was SO TRUE! Retrieved April 20, 2017, from
https://www.littlethings.com/eye-color-personality/

"7 Things Your Eye Color Says About Your Health." Prevention. N.p., 24 Nov. 2015. Web. 20
Apr. 2017, from www.prevention.com/health/

“Eye Colors Guide”, www.aclens.com, May 16, 2014.