Madubogwu, et al.

: Breast cancer screening practices

for optimizing performance and reporting. CA Cancer J Clin
2004;54:327‑44.
25. Akhigbe AO, Omuemu VO. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast
cancer screening among female health workers in a Nigerian urban
city. BMC Cancer 2009;9:203.
26. Azubuike S, Okwuokei S. Knowledge, attitude and practices of women
towards breast cancer in Benin City, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res
2013;3:155‑60.
27. Osime OC, Okojie O, Aigbekaen ET, Aigbekaen IJ. Knowledge attitude
and practice about breast cancer among civil servants in Benin City,
Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2008;7:192‑7.
28. Olugbenga‑Bello A, Oladele EA, Bello TO, Ojo JO, Oguntola AS.
Awareness and breast cancer risk factors: Perception and screening
practices among females in a tertiary institution in Southwest
Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2011;18:8‑15.
29. Olajide TO, Ugburo AO, Habeebu MO, Lawal AO, Afolayan MO,
Mofikoya MO. Awareness and practice of breast screening and its impact
on early detection and presentation among breast cancer patients
attending a clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2014;17:802‑7.
30. Oche MO, Ayodele SO, Umar AS. Breast cancer and mammography:
Current knowledge, attitudes and practices of female health workers
in a tertiary health institution in Northern Nigeria. Public Health Res
2012;2:114‑9.
31. Olowokere AE, Onibokun AC, Oluwatosin AO. Breast cancer
knowledge and screening practices among women in selected rural
communities of Nigeria. J Public Health Epidemiol 2012;4:238‑45.
32. Bello TO, Olugbenga‑Bello AI, Oguntola AS, Adeoti ML, Ojemakinde OM.
Knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female
nurses and lay women in Osogbo, Nigeria. West Afr J Med
2011;30:296‑300.
33. Obi AI. Assessment of breast cancer screening practices among
women of reproductive age in Benin City, Edo State. Int J Trop Dis
Health 2015;6:141‑9.
34. Popoola AO, Igwilo AI, Sowunmi A. Influence of educational status
on the knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening. Transnatl
J Sci Technol 2013;3:55‑67.
35. Amoran OE, Toyobo TO, Fatugase OK. Breast cancer screening
awareness and practice among women in Sagamu Local Government
Area, South‑Western Nigeria: A community based study. Br J Appl Sci
Technol 2014;4:2320‑32.

QUESTIONNAIRE
This study is being conducted on breast cancer prevention.
Your responses will be kept confidential. Your honest answer
will be appreciated. Participation is not compulsory. Thank
you for responding and for your time.
6. What are your source (s) of information? Tick all that apply.
i. Books Yes/No
ii. Media (TV, Radio, Internet, etc) Yes/No
iii. Hospital Yes/No iv. Lecture Yes/No
v. Conferences/seminars Yes/No
vi. Friends Yes/No vii. Others (pls. specify)___________

SECTION A: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 7. Has any member of your family been diagnosed of breast
cancer? (1) Yes  (2) No 
1. Age at last birthday (years): __________________________
8. If answer to the question above is yes, what is her
2. Marital status: (1) Single/never married  relationship to you?
(2) Married  (3) Separated  (1) Mother  (2) Aunt  (3) Sister 
(4) Divorced  (5) Widowed  (6) Cohabiting  (4) Cousin  (5) Others (specify)_____________________

3. Occupation: (1) Doctor  (2) Nurse  SECTION C: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF BREAST SELF
(3) Pharmacist  (4) Laboratory staff  EXAMINATION (BSE)
(5) Office staff  (6) Ward maid 
(7) Cleaner  9. Have you heard of Breast Self‑Examination (BSE)?
(8) Others (Pls. specify) ___________________ (1) Yes  (2) No 

4. Highest level of education 10. Do you know that BSE is a useful tool for early detection
(1) No formal education  of breast cancer?
(2) Primary school completed  (1) Yes  (2) No 
(3) J.S.S. completed  (4) S.S.C.E. completed 
(5) Tertiary school completed  11. Have you been taught how to do BSE?
(6) Others (specify)__________ (1) Yes  (2) No 

SECTION B: KNOWLEDGE OF BREAST CANCER AND BREAST 12. If answer to the question above is yes, who taught you?
CANCER PREVENTION i. Parents Yes/No ii. Teacher Yes/No
iii. Doctor Yes/No iv. Nurse Yes/No v. Friend Yes/No
5. Have you heard of breast cancer? (1) Yes   (2) No  vi. Others (pls. specify)________

274 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics - Volume 13 - Issue 2 - April-June 2017
 Madubogwu, et al.: Breast cancer screening practices

13. At what age should BSE be started? 25. Do you think BSE is a good practice?
(1) From birth  (2) From puberty  (1) Yes  (2) No 
(3) From 20 years  (3) From 30 years 
(5) After menopause  (6) No idea  SECTION D: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF CLINICAL BREAST
EXAMINATION (CBE)
14. How often should BSE be done?
(1) Daily  (2) Weekly  (3) Monthly  26. Have you heard of Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)?
(4) Yearly  (5) No idea  (1) Yes  (2) No 

15. What is the best time to do BSE? 27. Do you know that CBE is a useful tool for detection of
(1) During menstrual flow  breast cancer?
(2) A week after period  (3) During pregnancy  (1) Yes  (2) No 
(4) During breast feeding  (5) No idea 
28. CBE should be done by
16. BSE should be done by: (1) Doctor  (2) Trained Nurse 
(1) Doctor  (2) Trained Nurse  (3) The individual  (4) Others (Pls specify) ________
(3) The individual 
(4) Others (Pls. specify) _____________________ 29. CBE is done using:
(1) Ultrasound  (2) Mammography 
17. BSE is done by: (3) Hand  (4) Others (specify)___________
Yes No
30. How often should CBE be done?
i Inspecting the breast in the mirror
ii Feeling the breast with the hand
(1) Daily  (2) Weekly  (3) Monthly 
Iii Feeling the armpit with the hand (4) Yearly  (5) When abnormality is found on BSE 
Iv Doing Ultrasound of the breast (6) No idea 
V Mammography
vi Others (Pls. specify)
SECTION E: KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF MAMMOGRAPHY
18. If you discover any abnormality during BSE, what will you
do? 31. Have you heard of mammography?
(1) Pray over it  (2) Do some lab. tests  (1) Yes  (2) No 
(3) See a doctor  (4) Do nothing 
(5) Others (specify)___________________ 32. Is mammography a useful tool for the early detection of
breast cancer?
19. What are the benefits of BSE? (1) Yes  (2) No  (3) Don’t know 
i. To be familiar with the breast texture 
ii. Early detection of breast cancer  33. At what age should mammography be started?
iii. Detection of any abnormal changes in the breast  (1) From birth  (2) From puberty 
iv. A good breast exercise  (3) From 20 years (4) From 40 years 
(5) After menopause  (6) No idea 
20. Do you practice BSE? (1) Yes  (2) No 
34. How often should mammography be done?
21. If answer to the question above is yes, how often? (1) Weekly  (2) Monthly 
(1) Weekly  (2) Monthly  (3) Yearly  (4) Every three years 
(3) Occasionally  (4) Rarely  (5) When a lump is found on BSE or CBE 
(6) No idea 
22. If answer is no, why not? _________________________
37. Have you ever done a mammography? 
23. If you have been practicing BSE, have you ever discovered (1) Yes  (2) No 
any abnormality in your breast?
(1) Yes  (2) No  38. If no to question above, why not?
(3) I have not done BSE before  (1) Not old enough  (2) Financial constraint 
(3) Mammography not available 
24. If answer to question above is yes, what did you do? (4) Others (please specify) _________________________
(1) Prayed over it  (2) Did some lab. tests 
(3) Saw a doctor  (4) Did nothing  Thank you very much for your time and effort. It is very well
(5) Others (specify)_____________ appreciated.

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics - Volume 13 - Issue 2 - April-June 2017 275