TOPICS:

FIRST TERM
GRAMMAR
PRESENT SIMPLE
 USE
It is used to talk about: Real facts, Habits and Routines.

EXAMPLE: I get up at 6:00 am everyday.

 AFFIRMATIVE

Add the “S” when the subject is: She, He, It

Example: Lina plays tennis everyday in the morning.

Subject + Verb in Present + Complement

 AFFIRMATIVE

If the subject is: I, You, We,They it’s not necessary to add the
“S” and the verb is the same.

Example: They play tennis everyday in the morning.

 NEGATIVE
Auxiliary verb for:

She,He,It DOESN’T

The verb is in the normal way.

Example: Lina DOESN’T play tennis everyday in the

morning.

Subject + Doesn’t + Verb in Present + Complement

 NEGATIVE
Auxiliary verb for:
DON’T
I, You, We, They

The verb is in the normal way.

Example: They DON’T play tennis everyday in the morning.

Subject + Don’t+ Verb in Present + Complement

 INTERROGATIVE
Auxiliary verb for:

She,He,It DOES

The verb is in the normal way.

Example: DOES Lina play tennis everyday in the morning?

Does + Subject + Verb in Present + Complement + ?

 INTERROGATIVE
Auxiliary verb for:
DON’T
I, You, We, They

The verb is in the normal way.

Example: DO they play tennis everyday in the morning?

Do + Subject + Verb in Present + Complement + ?

VERB TO BE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 USE
It is used to talk about actions that are happening
at the moment of speaking:

EXAMPLE: Lina is listening to the radio in this moment.

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS SPELLING RULES

1. Most verbs add ING: 2. Most verbs ended with Y, add ING:

Eat – Eating Buy – Buying

Speak – Speaking Enjoy – Enjoying
3. Verbs that ended with E, drop the E and add ING:

Make – Making
Write – Writing

4. Verbs that ended with EE, add ING:

See – Seeing
Agree – Agreeing
5. Verbs ended with a consonant preceded by a vowel, double the consonant
and add ING:

Swim – Swimming
Run – Running 6. Do not double the letter if the verb ends in Y or W
and add ING:

Buy – Buying
Snow – Snowing
6. Verbs ended with IE, change IE to Y, add ING:

Lie – Lying
Die – Dying
VERB TO BE
 AFFIRMATIVE

Subject + Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) +

Verb in present + ING + Complement

EXAMPLE:

We are learning English at this moment.

 NEGATIVE

Subject + Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) + NOT + Verb in present +

ING + Complement

EXAMPLE:

We are not learning English at this moment.

 INTERROGATIVE

Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) + Subject + Verb in

present + ING + Complement + ?

EXAMPLE:

Are we learning English at this moment?

ZERO CONDITIONAL
 USE
It’s used to talk about things that are always true such as:

Scientific facts : If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

General truths : If you heat water at 100 degrees, it

boils.
 STRUCTURE
IF CLAUSE (CONDITION) COMMA MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)

PRESENT SIMPLE , PRESENT SIMPLE

If you mix yellow and blue , you get green

If people don’t eat , they die

If babies are hungry , they cry

VERB TO BE
EXAMPLES

If it rains, the grass gets wet.

If the plants don't have enough water, they die.

If you cross the line, you are in our country.

If she sleeps well, she rests.

FIRST CONDITIONAL
FIRST CONDITIONAL
 USE
It is used to talk about possible future events and their results.

EXAMPLE: If it is sunny tomorrow, I will have a picnic.

 STRUCTURE

IF CLAUSE COMMA MAIN CLAUSE

PRESENT SIMPLE , FUTURE SIMPLE

If you study hard , you will pass your

exams
VERB TO BE
 FUTURE SIMPLE
AFFIRMATIVE

Subject + Will + Verb in present + Complement

EXAMPLE:

Luis will buy a car the next year.

 NEGATIVE

Subject + Won’t + Verb in present + Complement

EXAMPLE: Luis won’t buy a car the next year.

 INTERROGATIVE

Will + Subject + Verb in present + Complement + ?

EXAMPLE: Will Luis buy a car the next year?

 EXAMPLES FIRST CONDITIONAL

If she wakes up late, she will miss the bus.

If I don’t have money, I won’t buy a new cell pone.

VERB TO BE – FIRST CONDITIONAL

You can use WILL BE with all the subjects:

I will be
You will be
She will be EXAMPLE:
He will be
It will be If Daniela doesn’t pass the exam,
We will be she will be sad.
They will be
SECOND CONDITIONAL
 USE
It is used to talk about impossible or imaginary situations.

EXAMPLE: If I ate less, I would lose weight.

 STRUCTURE

IF CLAUSE COMMA MAIN CLAUSE

PAST SIMPLE , WOULD/WOULDN’T

+ VERB IN
PRESENT SIMPLE
,
If I won a lot of I would travel
money around the world.
 PAST SIMPLE - AFFIRMATIVE

Subject + Verb in past + Complement

EXAMPLE:

Luciana worked in her office yesterday.

 PAST SIMPLE – NEGATIVE

Subject + didn’t + Verb in present + Complement

EXAMPLE:

Luciana didn’t work in her office yesterday.

 PAST SIMPLE – INTERROGATIVE

Did + Subject + Verb in present + Complement + ?

EXAMPLE:

Did Luciana work in her office yesterday?

 VERBS IN PAST

REGULAR IRREGULAR

Those verbs end in ED: Those verbs have

different spelling:
Work – Worked
Play – Played Sing – Sang
Write – Wrote
VERB TO BE (PAST SIMPLE)

You can use WERE with all the subjects:

EXAMPLE:
* I were * It were
If Sara were a good friend,
* You were * We were
* She were * They were
she would help you.
* He were
 WOULD
Would is a modal auxiliary verb.

We use would to:

Express unreal or hypothetical situations

Example: If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.

(I probably won't win the lottery)

VERB TO BE (WOULD)

You use would be with all the

subjects: EXAMPLE:

If I had more free time,

* I would be * It would be I would be happy
* You would be * We would be
* She would be * They would be
* He would be
 EXAMPLES

If we didn't have to work,

we would have a picnic.

If Manuel became President,

he would change many things.

If Mariana passed the exam,

she would be able to enter
university.