Present

simple
 USE
1. The simple present is used to talk about things that happen regularly. Unlike in
Spanish, the simple present is not used to talk about something that is
happening at the moment we are speaking..
The present simple is usually used with adverbs of time:

always ,every day Example:

-.I always talk to my mother on Sunday.
,usually ,often, .-He never eats vegetables.
sometimes ,rarely, .-They usually learn something new in
class.
hardly ever , never…
 USE
2. It is used to talk about generalities or scientific facts.

Example:
-He does not [doesn’t] eat vegetables.
-She works in a hospital.
-Elephants live in Africa.
-Bogota is in Colombia.
- Do children like animals?
-Adults do not [don’t] know everything.
 USE
3. Used for events scheduled in the near future.

Example:
-The train leaves at 10:00.
-The party is tonight.
-Does the festival start tomorrow?
-The plane does not [doesn’t]
arrive today.
 USE
4. It is used for instructions (the imperative).

Example:
-Open the window.
-Eat the vegetables.
-Don’t cry
-Do your homework
-Call your mother.
 GRAMMATICAL
RULES

To conjugate the simple

subject conjugation
present we use the infinitive
for the subjects "I", "you", "we" talk, eat, learn, do,
I, you, we, they
and "they" and for the third go…
persons "he", "she" and "it", we he, she, it talks, eats, learns,
add an "-s" to the end of the does, goes…
verb
 STRUCTURE
1. Affirmative Sentences 2. Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb
(to do) + negative
Subject + verb. auxiliary (“not”) + verb.

Example: Example:
- I talk. - I do not [don’t] talk.
- He eats. - He does not [doesn’t] eat.
- They learn. - They do not [don’t] learn.
 STRUCTURE

3. Interrogative
Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to do)
+ subject + main
Example: verb?
- Do you talk?
- Does he eat?
- Do they learn?
SONGS
 Present
Present
continuous
continuous
 USE
1. The present continuous is used to talk about something that is
happening at the moment we are speaking.

Example :
-I’m studying now.
-He’s eating at the moment.
-Is it raining
 USE
2. We also use it to talk about something that is currently
happening but not necessarily when we are speaking. In this case,
time expressions such as “currently”, “lately” or “these days” are used.

Example :
-They’re learning English.
-She’s currently looking for a job.
-Are you working much lately?
 USE
3. We use the present continuous to talk about something that has
already been decided to be done in the near future. Its use indicates
that it is quite certain that what is planned will happen.

Example :
-I’m going to the party tonight.
-He’s not [He isn’t] coming to class
tomorrow.
-Are you working next week?
 GRAMMATICAL
RULES
SUBJECT AUXILIARY (TO BE) VERB+ING

I talking, eating, To form the present

am learning, doing, continuous, the auxiliary verb
going…
“to be” and the verb+ing are
he, she, it talking, eating,
is learning, doing, used.
going…

you, we, they talking , eating, learning,

are doing, going…
 STRUCTURE
1. Affirmative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to
be) + verb+ing.
2. Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to
be) + negative auxiliary
(not) + verb+ing.

Example: Example:
-I’m talking. -I’m not talking.
-He’s eating.
-He’s not [He isn’t] eating.
-They’re learning.
 STRUCTURE
3. Interrogative
Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to be) +
subject + verb+ing?

Example:
-Are you talking?
-Is he eating?
-Are they learning?
SONGS
 Past
Simple
 USE
1. The simple past is used to talk about a specific action that started
and ended in the past. In this case it is equivalent to the Spanish
past tense. Generally, we use it with adverbs of time like “last year”,
“yesterday”, “last night”…
Example :
-Tom stayed at home last night.
-Kate worked last Saturday.
-I didn’t go to the party yesterday.
-Did they walk to school this morning?
 USE
2. The simple past is used for a series of actions in the past.

Example :
-He studied for an hour in the morning,
worked all afternoon and didn’t return
home until 10 at night.
-I received the good news and
immediately called my husband.
 USE
3. We also use it for repeated or habitual actions in the past, such
as the Spanish imperfect tense.
Example :
-. We always traveled to Cancun for
vacation when we were young.
-He walked 5 kilometers every day to
work.
 USE
4. We use it for narratives or actions from long periods of time in
the past, such as the Spanish imperfect tense.
Example :
-I worked for many years in a
museum.
-She didn’t eat meat for years.
 USE
5. It is used to talk about generalities or events from the past.

Example :
-The Aztec lived in Mexico.
-I played the guitar when I was a child.
 GRAMMATICAL
RULES
Example :
want → wanted To form the simple past with
learn → learned regular verbs, we use the
stay → stayed infinitive and add the ending “-
walk → walked ed”. The form is the same for
show → showed all people (I, you, he, she, it, we,
they).
 STRUCTURE
1. Affirmative Sentences 2. Negative Sentences
Subject + main verb… Subject + “to be” + “not”…

Example:
-I wanted to dance. Example:
-They learned English. -She wasn’t a doctor.
-We believed him. -The keys weren’t in the
-I bought a blue car. drawer
 STRUCTURE
3. Interrogative
All other verbs: Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to
do) + “not” + main verb (in “To be” + subject…?
infinitive)…

Example: Example:
-I didn’t want to dance. -Was she a doctor?
-They didn’t learn English. -Were the keys in the
-We didn’t believe him. drawer?
-I didn’t buy a blue car.
 PRONUNCIATION
We pronounce the ending “-ed” differently depending on 2. With infinitives ending in “b”, “g”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “v”, “z”
the letter that goes at the end of the infinitive. In general, (voiced consonants, except “d”) or a vowel, we
the "e" is silent. pronounce only the D".
Examples:
1. With infinitives ending in “p”, “f”, “k” or “s” (unvoiced - yelled[jeld]
-cleaned[klind]
consonants, except “t”) we pronounce the ending “-ed”
3. With infinitives ending in “d” or “t”, we pronounce
as a “t”. the “e” as an “i”.
EXAMPLE: Examples:
-looked[lukt] - ended[endid]
-kissed[kisst] - waited[weitid]
SONGS
 Past
continuous
 USE
1. The past continuous is used for an action in progress in the past
when another action interrupts it. The interrupting action is in the
simple past tense. “When” and “while” indicate the use of the past
simple and continuous. In general, we use the past simple directly
after “when” and the past continuous after “while”.
Example :
-Jose called while I was watching the
news.
-He was walking to work when he fell.
 USE
2. The past continuous is used to talk about actions at a specific
time in the past.

Example :
-Paula wasn’t living in Spain in 2005.
- We were still working at 10 o’clock
last night.
 USE
3. The past continuous is used for two actions that were happening
at the same time in the past.

Example :
-My son was reading while I was
cooking.
-They were talking very loudly while
we were trying to watch the movie.
 GRAMMATICAL
RULES
To form the past continuous, the auxiliary verb “to be” and the verb+ing
are used. The auxiliary verb "to be" is in the past simple, but keep in mind
that "to be" is an irregular verb.
subject Auxiliary (to be) verb+ing

I, he, she, it was talking, eating, learning,

doing, going…

you, we, they were talking, eating, learning,

doing, going…
 STRUCTURE
1. Affirmative Sentences 2. Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to Subject + auxiliary verb (to
be) + verb+ing. be) + “not” + verb+ing.

Example:
-I was talking. Example:
-He was eating. -I was not [wasn’t] talking.
-They were learning. -He was not [wasn’t] eating.
-They were not [weren’t]
learning.
 STRUCTURE
3. Interrogative
Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to be) +
subject + verb+ing?

Example:
-Were you talking?
-Was he eating?
-Were they learning?
SONG
Future
 USE
Unlike the simple future, the two forms of the future continuous mean almost the
same thing and are interchangeable. Also, the uses of the future continuous are the
same as the past continuous, but in the future.

1. The future continuous describes the action that will be taking place in the future
and that will be interrupted. The verb that interrupts is in the present simple

Example:
-Jose will be [Jose’s going to be]
watching the news when you call.
-Will it be [Is it going to be] raining when
l leave?
 USE
2. The future continuous is used to talk about actions at a specific time in the
future.

Example:
-Paula will be [Paula’s going to be] living
in Spain next April.
-We’ ll still be working [ We’re still going
to be working] at 10 o’clock tomorrow
night.
 GRAMMATICAL
RULES
To form the future continuous, “will be” or “be going to” and the verb+ing are used.
Subject auxiliary verb+ing

I will be talking, eating, learning,

am going to be doing, going…

he, she, it will be talking, eating, learning,

is going to be doing, going…

you, we, they will be talking, eating, learning,

are going to be doing, going…
SONG