LET’S GO: Subject: özne

Verb: fiil/yüklem
 English has a SVO sentence structure: Subject+Verb+Object Object: nesne
Auxiliary verb: yardımcı fiil

So: 1- you decide your SUBJECT (I, you, she, my dog, his dad…)
2- you decide your VERB (eat, play, go, like, sleep…)
3- you decide your OBJECT if you need one (him, it, me, the book, the phone, the dog…)
4- you decide if you want to give extra information like time, place, reason, goal… (always, sometimes,
in the morning, last year, to be successful…)
Note: With some verbs you don’t need an object: I sleep at 10 pm every day, I run every morning, my
grandmother died last year…
SO:
In Turkish you say: ben elma yedim (Subject-Object-Verb)
In English you say: I ate an apple (Subject-Verb-Object)

SUBJECT (S) VERB (V) OBJECT (O) EXTRA INFO

I like her so much
My dad lost his phone -
Turkish people have breakfast every day
Everyone likes pizza -
She studies - to be successful

 If you want to make A NEGATIVE SENTENCE: we use NOT with the auxiliary verb, and we place
them BEFORE the actual verb: S-(Aux+not)-V-O
For present tense: DO/DOES + NOT

I don’t like her.

My brother doesn’t study at all.
French people do not speak English.
Subject Aux. Verb Object

 If you want to make A QUESTION: we put the auxiliary verb before the subject
Aux-S-V-O? For presente tense: DO/DOES

Do you like the food?

Does your dad know that you smoke? IMPORTANT NOTE:
Does she have any problems?
When we make positive sentences in simple present
tense, we add -s to the verb for he, she, it

She studies medicine.

My husband knows how to cook.

But if we are making a negative sentence or a question,

that -s attaches to the auxiliary verb (do) and it
becomes does, so we don’t put another -s to the verb.

My husband does not know how to cook.

Does she study medicine?

WHAT IS A, AN, THE?

 We use a, an, and the ONLY before nouns.

 A/an are INDEFINITE (belirsiz) articles: so we use them when we talk about something that is not
specific:
Lucy is reading a book. A and AN are used only with singular
My mom bought me a new dress yesterday. (tekil) nouns, NEVER with plural (çoğul)
You will need an umbrella when you go out. nouns because they mean “one”
She eats an apple every day.

A: before the words that start with a consonant (sessiz harf)

AN: before the words that start with a vowel (sesli harf).

But, there are some exceptions because of the pronunciation:

an honor, an hour a uniform, a university

And THE?
 The is called DEFINITE (belirli) article: so we use it when we KNOW the noun we talk about, when it is
specific:
Where’s the cat? I think she is under the bed. (I am talking about one specific cat. And I refer to a certain
bed.)
The telephone is ringing. (not a random phone, I know which phone is ringing.)
 You also use the before a noun when there is only one.
For example: the sun, the moon, the sky, the front door of my house…
Look at the moon!
Did you lock the door?
The sun is shining.
The world is a horrible place.

 WHAT IS A SUBJECT AND AN OBJECT? What is the difference?

Subject does the action, object receives the action
For example;
I like her
My mom hugged me
He told me to be quiet.
AM / IS / ARE: the present tense of the verb TO BE (olmak)
As we can see, there is only one verb in
I am a student. these sentences: To be (am/is/are).
He/she/it is very stupid. There can be ONLY ONE verb in a simple
sentence, so if we add another one, it is a
You/we/they are successful.
big mistake:

I am wake up early.
NOTE: When you are making questions, you put am/is/are to
He is plays guitar
the beginning of the sentence. They are run every morning.
She is pretty. - Is she pretty?
They don’t need an auxiliary verb (don’t/doesn’t)