Name: Nontlantla

Surname: Nocanda

Student: 54540194

Unique no: 826107

Subject name: AFL1501

GROUP NUMBER AFL1501-20-S2-IT

 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGES

Introduction……………………………….1

Culture…………………………………….2

Marriage and norms………………………2

Cultural presavtion…………………………3

Language…………………………………….3

Values and beliefs…………………………..3

Communication ………………………………3

Lobola…………………………………………..4

Arranged marriage…………………………….4

Boquet……………………………………………4

Parental involvement…………………………….4

Engagement and bride negotiation …………..4

ITRODUCTION

In this assignment culture will be discussed and lobola negotiation and the
procedures involved such as umabo, omendo and the cultural attire. The
communication 100 years ago and in nowadays will be also included.
TASK1

CULTURE

Culture is a complex which involve knowledge, belief arts, morals, law, cu storms,
values and norms and other capabilities acquired by a man as the member of the
society or community. It is a way of living and life of a social group. It can be only
acquired through learning process .values of nation are the building blocks of culture

To be cultural means cultural influence, the attitude and perception that you have for
your and self-conception. To be cultural is related to religion, cultural, norms and
values system, nationality, ethnicity, social structure, language, economy philosophy
and education.

MARRIAGE NORMS IN AFRICA 100 YEARS AGO

The procedures involved two families where parents would sit and discuss the
relationship of the children for example the father of the groom would go and negotiate
with father of the bride in regards to the relationship of the their children. However, if
they reach the same decision and mutual decision they will introduce the conclusion
to the mother of the boy and girl. However, the children will be informed about the
decision of their relationship .Basically 100 years ago they believed in arranged
marriages.

Children were never involved in a process and they were never allowed to oppose
their parents and the authority. Their relationship will be monitored by their parents as
they were never allowed to have an intimate or physical relationship before marriage.

NOWADAYS

The bride and the groom have the final say on how they want to marry .They have
the right to start and end the relationship whenever they want .They plan their
marriage and they end if they want to .Basically they do they wish for

100 YEARS AGO CULTURAL PRESAVATION

Forefathers believed that culture needs to be preserved and passed from one
generation to another by involving sons even the foundation of the marriage was
based of cultural preservation and customs, norms, and values as the results they
believed in closed cultural marriages where a boy will marry the girl of the same
tribe. The purpose was to safeguard their culture and economical resources such as
livestock.

The lobola procedures will be led by the fathers of the girls and fathers of the boy
they will make any decision that would make them happy.

LANGUAGE 100 YEARS AGO

Symbols, values, sounds, art, were the most powerful tool in communication

SYMBOLS

Gestures, object or any sign that is recognizable by people who share specific
culture for example there was a bead that was used as bracelets and it was used
symbol of love between the bride to be and the groom to be.it was known as
uculokuqoma. They were drawing lines and the one who jumped the line would be
accepting the other one, they were using duke to accept each other in their lives.

Uculokuqoma, and duke were used to show the stage of the life of the girl. In terms
of marriage and language was used as the major means of cultural transmission was
the process where one generation passes culture to the next generation .it was a
symbol that allowed members of the society to communicate with each other.

VALUES AND BELIEFS

The level of development of the group or society influence the values and the beliefs
that can have impact in cultural changes. Climate and geography influences culture.
Values were used to communicate what is desirable and to express what is wrong
and right. The common notion of good or bad, desirable and undesirable. During
ancient times people used to communicate verbally because there was no
telecommunication, communication in writing never existed because there was no
one can read and write communication was facilitated by riding horses so that the
negation could start. However songs, poem and dress code they were very effective Commented [MM1]: muni
to communicate the type of the event. During lobola negotiations the fathers of the
boys would stand next to the gate and plead to be welcomed inside so that they
could build relationship between families. They would call and shout family clan
iziduko nenzibongo.

COMMUNICATION NAWADYS
There is a face to face communication

The communication via the phones.

Written communication that is personally addressed.

Impersonal written communication

The intranet

The internet
Emails are used and social media basically communication is a instant thing.

LOBOLA PROCEDURES 100 YEARS AGO AND IN NOWADAYS

They differ from tribe to tribe. Its purpose was and is to build a relationship between
the two families .It is a process that involve payment either cows or cash from the
grooms side. From family to parents of the prospective bride for customary marriage
.the number of the cattle or the amount of money is determined by the family of the
bride.

The appointment of the wedding will take place. However, the small celebration will
take place. Animals are slaughtered as the sacrifice to the ancestors and inviting
them to bless the union and introduced the bride to the ancestors .Lobola involve the
delegation from the grooms family for the first time and second time and izibizo are
also included

ARRANGED MARIAGES 100 AND NOWADAYS

Usually families negotiate on behalf of their adult children.Fimilies get to know each
other and ensures that they are not related .This type of marriage involve traditional
wedding attire .In some cultures professional match makers may be used to find
spouse and arranged marriages have historical prominent in many culture.

BOUQUET 100 YEARS AGO AND IN NAWADAYS

It is and was used as a symbol of making the relationship official.in many cases the
girls would fight for it as they believe that it will bring them the to find the person for
themselves.it signifies the love and unity between the bride and groom.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMT 100 YAERS AGO AND IN NOWADAYS

Back then parents used to take a lead role in terms of the whole process. However ,
today parents provides support to what their children want in terms of their marriage.

ENGAGEMENT 100 YEARS AGO AND IN NOWADAYS

Back then family members would go for process of umcelo where they would request
the permission from the family of the girl to marry the girl on behalf of the groom to be.
However, today it is between the couples to agree on that, the family will support
whatever decision they make for their future.

BRIDE NEGOTIATION BACK THEN AND NOWADAYS

Is and was the process of negotiating for what is expected in oder for the lobola
sitting proceed from the both side are involved.

WOULD I SAY I AM A CULTURAL PERSON?

 Yes I would as I was raised in a very traditional and cultural family .my upbringing
gave me identity, belonging to a bhaca tribe.i have nationality and ethnicity and
religion and social class .I belong to bacha religious and spiritual practices. In my
culture I believe in superior being and high power. I believe in god and ancestors.

I pray, meditation is still part of me and I consult ancestors for guardiance and blessing.
I strongly believe in my culture.to me spiritual practice is fulltime. It is cultivating me
spiritual and my goal is liberation and salvation in my own way as black women .My
ancestors are part of the process.
TASK 2

I am a bhaca proud women

And my cultural heritage is

close to my heart .the
traditional attire shows the
stage of my life. We love bright
colors in my culture like white

Orange, black and yellow. We

Love our bead over the dress.

My long necklace of beads

shows the richness of my
culture as well as cultural
diversity and it communicates

My cultural beliefs and signifies

The openness and the

acceptance of other cultures

If I could get an opportunity to

wear my cultural attire every I would make sure that I wear it every day as it
describes who I am, my roots and my identity as black person.it is important as it
gave me an opportunity to learn about my culture share my beliefs with people from
different cultures and races.

IVULWAKABINI AND ITHUMBU

It is that long part over upper body and the breast and ithumbhu worn by bhaca
women when they are perform their traditional dance around the lower back.

FACE PAINTING

It communicates how I feel as a women. It means security, authority, maturity and

stability. Indicate status and strong cultural meaning. It is a form of communication
and expression of myself. My self –conception and perception. It express love for my
culture. Self-respect and appreciation of my culture and my tribe and my religion and
my tradition.

The above photo shows the attire that is worn when you attend ceremonies like
umendo and umebheso to celebrate with the cupules as you can see in the following
picture it was my cousin wedding day as umendo.
UMENDO
Umendo is a union of two families and it binds together two people women and men
in to wife and husband (umfazi nendoda). It is highly valued in the bhaca tribe and
culture. When the women gets married the family and the entire community
celebrates and rejoice with her and the marriage is seen as a blessing from
ancestors.

THE PRIEST

Was there to help the couple make their vows and bless them join their hands
together and ask the bride or groom to take one another as wife and husband, to
have and hold, from this day forward for better or worse, in sickness and in health,
the bride and the groom agreed and said I do.it was a huge celebration. The bhaca
dance followed and traditional food and uma

THE BHACA WEDDING DANCE

The whole community was dancing and the whole clan of the bhaca tribe
welcommed the newlywed couple it was a joyful day and the beginning of new life of
the couple.

UMABO

Is the process where both families are gifting each other and celebrating their unoin.
THE ATTIRE OF THE NEWLYWED BRIDE

This how the new bride dresses and its very compalsory to my culcture for to dress
in manner that protect all her flesh. According to cultural beliefs and norms her time
to catch attention from other males is over and done .the only person to see her
body is her husband only and she has to obey all cultural practices that are expected
from her.
Task3

CONCLUSION

The assignment above helped me .shed a light in the connection of my culture .a lot
of people never put in consideration ofd culture and the impotance.it is very
educational to me as it gave me a opportunity to have perception on my culture as a
black women and black person.acording to indigenous knowledge systems.Noyoo,N
2007 the modernity has not always provided long lasting solution in amanner that
african resources have been harnssed, supposed for the benefits of its ihabitants .
Reference list

According to D,D Toit and S,V Stsden Nursing sociology 3th ed cope town:van schaik

Sugested by G,N Nieman and A,B Bennett business management 2th ed pretoria:van
schaik

Available at http/google-ume-ndo-ndo umendo it is a union of two peaple Accessed

[online] 28 September 2020