Korean 2 Grammar List

Grammar Meaning Format Example

–고 • “and” nd
1st clause w/ Adj.St고 2 clause 춥다: 춥 + 고 → 춥고
• conjunction particle
오늘은 춥고 비가 와요.
used to link 2 main
– Today is cold and raining.
clauses
• can be used to link 1st clause w/ V.St고 2nd clause
clauses with the 하다: 하 + 고 → 하고
same subject or with 저는 여행을 하고 한국에 갔다 왔어요.
different subjects – I travelled and have been to Korea
• used with Adj, V, (went and came back).
있다 / 없다, and ‘N+ N+ –이다:
–이다/–아니다’ 1st clause w/ N이고 2nd clause 사람이다: 사람이 + 고 → 사람이고
• tense is expressed (if N ends in a consonant) 저는 한국 사람이고 토야 씨는 몽골
only in the last/ 1st clause w/ N고 2nd clause 사람이에요.
ending verb or (if N ends in a vowel) – I am Korean and Tui is Mongolian.
adjective 1st clause w/N이 아니고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a consonant)
1st clause w/N가 아니고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a vowel)
그런데 • “but”, “by the way” 1st sentence. 그런데 2nd sentence. 저는 낚시를 좋아해요. 그런데 투이
• indicates that the
씨는 등산을 좋아해요.
following sentence
– I like fishing. But Tui likes hiking.
will be in contrast to
the previous one
이번 주에는 즘 바빠요. 그런데 다음
• shortened to 근데
(colloquial 주에는 시간이 있어요.
contraction) – I'm busy this week. But I have time next
week.

괜찮아요. 그런데 마크 씨는 언제 와요?

– It’s okay. By the way, when is Mark
coming?

정말 맛있네요. 그런데 유키 씨는 이번
방학에 뭐 했어요?
– It's really good. By the way, what did
you do this vacation, Yuki?
못 • “cannot”, “unable to” Verbs w/ 하다0: 미안해요. 저는 수영을 못해요.
• placed in front of V to – I'm sorry. I can't swim.
못하다
express impossibility,
strong denial or
저는 태국어를 못해요.
refusal
– I can't speak Thai.
• expresses that you’re
unable to do the
activity Other verbs: 아파서 어제는 학교에 못 갔어요.
• also expresses that 못 Verb – I couldn't go to school yesterday
the situation because I was sick.
prevents you from
being able to do the 이번 주에는 영화를 못 봐요. 월요일에
activity 시험이 있어요.
• expresses same idea
– I can't watch a movie this week. I have
as ‘ –지 못해요’ a test on Monday

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–아서 / • “so”, “because” reason아서 / 어서 / 해서 action/state.
• used with Adj, V, If last vowel of Adj or V isㅏ or ㅗ:
–어서 / 많다: 많 + 아서→ 많아서
있다 / 없다, and ‘N+ Adj.St + 아서 → Adj.St아서
해서 일이 너무 많아서 쇼핑을 거의 안 해요.
–이다 / –아니다’ V.St + 아서 → V.St아서 (reason) (action/state)
• indicates that the I have so much work to do, so I rarely go
preceding clause is shopping.
the cause of the
following clause 일어나다: 일어나 + 아서→ 일어나서
• –아서: if last vowel is
아침에 늦게 일어나서 늦게 늦었어요.
ㅏ, or ㅗ (reason) (action/state)
• –어서: if last vowel is I woke up late this morning, so I was late.
NOT ㅏ, or ㅗ
좋다: 좋 + 아서→ 좋아서
• 해서: if Adj or Verb
건강에 좋아서 테니스를 자주 쳐요.
ends in 하다 (reason) (action/state)
• tense is expressed It’s good for my health, so I play tennis
only in the last/ often.
ending verb or
adjective, not with –
오다: 오 + 아서→ 와서
아서 / –어서 / 해서
비가 와서 우산을 쓰고 갔어요.
(reason) (action/state)
It rained, so I used an umbrella.

If last vowel of Adj or V is NOT ㅏ or 먹다: 먹 + 어서→ 먹어서

ㅗ: 너무 많이 먹어서 배가 아파요.
Adj.St + 어서 → Adj.St어서 (reason) (action/state)
I ate too much, so my stomach hurts.
V.St + 어서 → V.St어서
재미있다: 재미있 + 어서→재미있어서
영화가 재미있어서 극장에 가끔 가요.
(reason) (action/state)
Movies are fun, so I sometimes go to the
cinema.

If Adj or V ends in 하다: 공부하다: 공부를 하 – ‘하’ + 해서

Adj.St – ‘하’ + 해서 → Adj.St해서 →공부를 해서
V.St – ‘하’ + 해서 → V.St해서 열심히 공부를 해서 일등을 했어요.
(reason) (action/state)
I studied hard, so I won first place.

Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㅡ’: 바쁘다: 바쁘 – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서 →바빠서

Adj.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서→ Adj.St아서 바빠서 극장에 안 가요.
Adj.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 어서→ Adj.St어서 (reason) (action/state)
I am busy, so I don’t go to the cinema.
V.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서→ V.St아서
V.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 어서→ V.St 어서
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘르’: 모르다: 모르 – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→ 몰라서
Adj.St–‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St라서 몰라서 선생님한테 몰어봤어요.
Adj.St –‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→Adj.St러서 (reason) (action/state)
I didn’t know, so I asked the teacher.
V.St – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→V.St라서
V.St – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→V.St러서

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 –아서 / Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㄷ’: 걷다: 걷 – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→ 걸어서
–어서 / Adj.St–‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St아서 많이 걸어서 다리가 아파요.
해서 Adj.St –‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St어서 (reason) (action/state)
I walked a lot, so my legs hurt.
(cont.) V.St – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→V.St아서
V.St – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→V.St 어서
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㅂ’: 덥다: 덥 – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→ 두워서
Adj.St–‘ㅂ’+‘우’+아서→Adj.St아서 두워서 창문을 열었어요.
Adj.St –‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→Adj.St워서 (reason) (action/state)
It was hot, so I asked the teacher.
V.St – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+아서→V.St아서
V.St – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→V.St 워서
–(으)ㄹ래요 • “will”, “going to”, V.St + 을래요 →V.St을래요 저는 불고기를 먹을래요.
“intend to” (if V.St ends in a consonant) I will (intend to) eat bulgogi.
• used with V
• expresses the
V.St + ㄹ래요 →V.Stㄹ래요 오늘은 좀 피곤해서 집에서 숼래요.
speaker’s intention,
(if V.St ends in a vowel) I am a little tired today, so I am going to
purpose or thought
(intend to) stay home.
(1st person tense)
• also asks the Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㄹ’
listener’s intention, V.St + 래요 →V.St래요 이제 뭐 할래요?
purpose or thought What will you do now?
(2nd person tense) (What do you intend to do now?)
• casual expression
used with people of 오늘도 도서관에 갈래요?
same level/age or Will you go to the library today?
lower (Do you intend to go to the library
• if used with today?)
strangers, elders or
people in higher 주말에 영화를 볼래요?
position, attach the Will you watch a movie this weekend?
honorific suffix ‘시’ (Do you intend to watch a movie this
weekend?)
무슨 • “what kind of” 무슨 N 민수 씨는 무슨 음식을 좋아해요?
• always followed by a
투이 씨는 무슨 일을 해요?
N
타완 씨는무슨 운동을 해요?
그것은 무슨
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 •
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I’m Anna Laraño

It’s a massive opportunity for me as a person
Open doors get noticed
Reassurance to get an extra push

when it comes to writing codes, we won’t always get it right the first time around, sometimes, even the second or third
time around.
Not being able to uplift
Opportunity

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