Name: Nick Andrew V.

Bohol
October 6, 2020
STEM 11 RIEMANN CELL THEORY
Cell Theory Article
Directions: Read the following article and answer the questions that follow.
The Cell Theory
After the discoveries of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek, biologists found cells everywhere.
Biologists in the early part of the 19th century suggested that all living things were made of
cells, but the role of cells as the primary building block of life was not discovered until
1839 when two German scientists, Theodor Schwann, a zoologist, and Matthias Jakob
Schleiden, a botanist, suggested that cells were the basic unit of structure and function of
all living things. Later, in 1858, the German doctor Rudolf Virchow observed that cells
divide to produce more cells. He proposed that all cells arise only from other cells. The
collective observations of all three scientists form the Cell Theory, which states that:
● all organisms are made up of one or more cells,
● all the life functions of an organism occur within cells,
● all cells come from preexisting cells.
Though no one point of the Cell Theory is more important than another, the theory clearly
states that the functions necessary for life occur in the cell. Findings since the time of the
original Cell Theory have enabled scientists to "modernize" the theory, including points
related to biochemistry and molecular biology. The modern version of the Cell Theory
includes:
all known living things are made up of one or more cells,
● all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division,
● the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms,
● the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells,
● energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells,
● cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell
during cell division,
● all cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species.
The Cell Theory is one of the main principles of biology. The points of the theory have been
found to be true for all life. As with any scientific theory, the Cell Theory is based on
observations that over many years upheld the basic conclusions of Schwann’s 1839 paper.
However, one of Schwann’s original conclusions stated that cells formed in a similar way to
crystals. This observation, which refers to spontaneous generation of life, was discounted
when Virchow proposed that all cells arise only from other cells. The Cell Theory has
withstood intense examination of cells by modern powerful microscopes and other
instruments. Scientists continue to use new techniques and equipment to look into cells to
discover additional explanations for how they work.

Questions:
1. What is the different Cell Theory? Briefly Explain each of them.
The different Cell theory are:
  All organisms are made up of one or more cells. This theory implied all living
things are made of one or more cells like bacteria, human, animal and others
living things.
 All the life functions of an organism occur within cells. It expressed that the
unicellular or multicellular organisms perform life functions like nutrients,
movement, growth, respiration, reproduction, and other life functions
 All cells come from preexisting cells. The theory states the new cells are
always made from the pre -existing cells.

2. How was the theory developed?

 The Cell theory was developed when the microscopes was invented and
many biologists interested to learn about microscopic world. When the
microscope popular in 1600s, Antony Van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
found cells everywhere. In a 1665 publication called Micrographia,
experimental scientist Robert Hooke coined the term “cell” for the box-like
structures he observed when viewing cork tissue through a lens. In the
1670s, van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and protozoa. Later advances
in lenses, microscope construction, and staining techniques enabled other
scientists to see some components inside cells. By the late 1830s, botanist
Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues
and proposed the unified cell theory. The unified cell theory states that: all
living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of
life; and new cells arise from existing cells. Rudolf Virchow later made
important contributions to this theory. Schleiden and Schwann proposed
spontaneous generation as the method for cell origination, but spontaneous
generation (also called abiogenesis) was later disproven. Rudolf Virchow
famously stated “All cells only arise from pre-existing cells. “The parts of the
theory that did not have to do with the origin of cells, however, held up to
scientific scrutiny and are widely agreed upon by today.

3. Aside from the three theories mentioned, there were other several theories came
about. Enumerate and explain each theory briefly. (One or two sentences)
 the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells,
energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells. It states that
it requires to release an energy to proceed. Generally, cells must continually
produce more energy to replenish that used by the many energy-requiring
chemical reactions that constantly take place inside cells, including some of
 those total activity of independent cells, energy flows, are specified as cell’s
metabolism.
 cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell
during cell division. It stated that hereditary information is passed on from a
cell to its daughter cells at cell division, and from one generation of an
organism to the next through the organism's reproductive cells.
 All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of
similar species it stated that one species cell and chemical composition of it
have the same chemical composition to the similar species. For example, the
lion has the same chemical composition to the others lion.

4. What makes the development of the Modern Cell Theory possible?

 The development of the Modern Cell theory will be possible to happen
because of the High-End Technology we produce nowadays to have scrutiny
study about the development of the Cell Theory because everything will
change. By the Modern Technology, it helps to the biologists to keep studying
and monitoring the possible development of the Cell Theory. It will makes a
changes every biologist find the new discovery of the development of the
Cell Theory.

Rubrics:

A B C
Criteria (2points) (3 points) (5 points)

Clarity of writing
A. Did not answer the
question(s) no
explanations.
(2points)
B. Answers the
question(s) but
explanations are not
clear
C. Answers the
question(s) with clarity

Time Frame
A. Submitted late (a day
after)
B. Submitted late (30
mins. Late)
C. Submitted on time