CLASS NO.

RM2 Date: October 27,2020

NICK ANDREW V. BOHOL
STEM 11- RIEMANN

Model 1 – The Cell Cycle

1. How many phases are in the cell cycle as shown in the diagram in Model 1?
 The cell cycle as shown in the diagram in model 1 is a 4-stage process
consisting of Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis, Gap 2 (G2) and mitosis phase.
2. Starting at the starred cells what is the order of the stages of a cell’s life?
 Phase (First Gap)- also called the first gap phase, the cell grows physically
larger, copies organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks it will
need in later steps.
 S Phase (Synthesis of DNA)- In S phase, the cell synthesizes a complete copy
of the DNA in its nucleus. It also duplicates a microtubule-organizing
structure called the centrosome. The centrosomes help separate DNA during
M phase.
 Phase (Second Gap)- the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles,
and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.
 Mitotic Phase- the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two
new cells. M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis
and cytokinesis.
3. During which phase does the size of the cell increase?
 

4. During which phase does the number of cells increase?

 Mitosis Phase
5. Considering your answer to Questions 3 and 4, identify two ways that the growth of an
organism can be accomplished through the events of the cell cycle?
 Growth can happen when cells increase in size or when the number of cells in
an organism increases.
6. Cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells, often results in a tumor, or mass of abnormal
cells. Some cancerous tumors consist of many cells that are much smaller than normal.
According to Model 1, what part(s) of the cell cycle is (are) most likely being affected?

7. In Model 1, if the length of the arrow represents time, then for those cancerous cells, what
hap- pens to the time that is necessary for the cell cycle? What implication might this have
for doctors who are treating cancer patients?
 The time decreases because the time necessary for G1 is reduced. Doctors
need to start treatment quickly and use a drug that is absorbed by the system
rapidly since the cancer cells reproduce at a faster rate than normal cells. In
cancer patients, the risk for death is highest in the initial years after
diagnosis; it decreases progressively thereafter, until a time at which the risk
becomes negligible, and surviving patients reach a life expectancy.
Part 2: 

Model 2 – Cell Cycle Data

Sets of DNA Number of

Phase Key Process Time
present in each organelles in each
Interval
cell at end of cell at end of phase
(hours)
phase
Gap 1
Cell contends duplicate 11 1 560
Determines if a cell is
ready to replicate
Synthesis DNA Replication 8 2 570

Gap Protein and organelle 4 2 600

2
synthesis
Mitosis Cell and nuclear 1 1 300
splitting
Total time: 24 6 2030
1. Model 2 presents cell cycle data for a typical human cell in culture. Use the phase names in
Model 2 to label the G, M, and S phases in Model 1.
 My answer Is in the Model 1
 G1: Gap1
 S: Synthesis
 G2: Gap2
 M: Mitosis

2. Looking at the third column of Model 2, compare the time spent in mitosis with the time spent
in gap 1 in human cells and describe any difference.

 spends 10 more hours in process than mitosis.

3. Imagine 100 cells were chosen randomly from a tissue sample and examined under a
microscope. In which phase of the cell cycle would you expect to find the largest number of
cells? Explain.
 G1 or S because they take the longest to complete because the first chance for new
cells have to grow. Cells usually remain in G1 for about 10 hours of the 24 total hours
of the cell cycle.

4. Look again at Model 2. Compare the amount of DNA at the beginning and end of synthesis. Why
did the amount of DNA change?
 This needs to happen because synthesis replicates the DNA during its process. DNA
replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to
produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because,
whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic
information, or DNA, as the parent cell.