KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER 1, SESSION 2020/2021

COURSE CODE: MECH 4381

COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING
SECTION: 1

ASSIGNMENT 1
(CANTILEVER BEAM)
SUBMISSION DATE: THURSDAY, 5th November 2020

LECTURER: Dr. Mohammed Abdulmalek Mohammed Aldheeb

NAME MATRIC NO.

KHALED ALI BAFADHL 1515807
 L1 107mm

W 17mm

H1 207mm

Beam Length 107cm

F (Force) 1515.8 kN

 Introduction:

Cantilever beam which is a beam which is supported only with one end, and

cantilever beam transfer the load to the support at fixed end with the moment and

shear forces. Cantilever beam is constructed for Balcony and other bridge

constructions. It goes through a strong deflection compared to other beams with 2 end

fixed support. Cantilever beams contains more moments and the stiffness is also high.

 Objectives:

1. To analyze the structure and the behavior of the cantilever beam.

2. To study the materials behaviors under certain load.

3. To be able to obtain engineering design numbers for real projects.

  Geometry & materials:

The geometry was developed using Ansys software with the dimensions shown on the

table above:

Materials selected is shown below to be used for analysis:

 Mesh analysis:

The mesh type is the general type which is the coarse one with normal number of

divisions,

 Boundary Conditions:

The boundary conditions of the cantilever beam is fixed support at one end and end

load to the other end,

 Result & Analysis:

a) The stress of the cantilever beam when subject to load,

Material used here is structural steel: maximum stress is 3993 MPa

When mesh is smaller to 5mm divisions:

Maximum stress is 6798.3MPa.

Stress here using Aluminum Alloy: maximum stress is 4024.9 MPa.

 when mesh 5mm: maximum stress is
Maximum stress is 7102MPa

b) Maximum allowable load on the cantilever beam for structural steel is 1300000N

Maximum allowable load on the cantilever beam for Aluminum alloy is 800000N
c) (a) Deflection of cantilever beam subjected to load using structural steel material:
Maximum deflection: 60.185mm

Deflection of cantilever beam subjected to load using Aluminum alloy:

Maximum deflection: 169.67mm

(b) Deflection of cantilever beam subjected to displacement and allowable load using

structural steel material is 51.5mm

Deflection of cantilever beam subjected to displacement and allowable load using Aluminum

alloy material is 89.4 mm.

Analytical solution for the deflection of cantilever beam (a):

Structural steel:
 P l3
Maximum deflection = .
3 EI

P= 1515807N.

L= 107cm.

E= 200000MPa

1 1
I= (0.107) (0.241)3 – 2(( ¿ (0.045)(0.207)3) = 5.828×10-5 m4 .
12 12

Maximum deflection = 53.11mm.

Aluminum alloy:

P l3
Maximum deflection = .
3 EI

P= 1515807N.

L= 107cm.

E= 71000MPa

1 1
I= (0.107) (0.241)3 – 2(( ¿ (0.045)(0.207)3) = 5.828×10-5 m4 .
12 12

Maximum deflection = 150 mm.

Analytical solution for part (b):

Structural steel:
 P l3
Maximum deflection = .
3 EI

P= 1300000N.

L= 107cm.

E= 200000MPa

1 1
I= (0.107) (0.241)3 – 2(( ¿ (0.045)(0.207)3) = 5.828×10-5 m4 .
12 12

Maximum deflection = 45.5mm.

Aluminum alloy:

P l3
Maximum deflection = .
3 EI

P= 800000N.

L= 107cm.

E= 71000MPa

1 1
I= (0.107) (0.241)3 – 2(( ¿ (0.045)(0.207)3) = 5.828×10-5 m4 .
12 12

Maximum deflection =79 mm.

The analysis part of the cantilever beam was analyzed and the error in the

analytical with the software is quite big but it is due to the mesh type which was not accurate
due to computational power of the laptop and due to time constraints which was analyzed in 3

seconds.

The error percentage of the deflection due to load applied at the end of the

cantilever beam of structural steel was obtained by the formula applied,

Theoroticla value−Software value

Error percentage =
theoritical value
× 100 = ( 53.11−60.185
53.11 )× 100 =
13%

Theoroticla value−Software value 150−169.6

Error percentage =
theoritical value
× 100 = (
150 )
× 100 = 13.1%

Theoroticla value−Software value 45.5−51.5

Error percentage =
theoritical value
× 100 = (
45.5 )
×100 = 13.2%

Theoroticla value−Software value 79−89.4

Error percentage =
theoritical value
× 100 = (
79 )
×100 = 13.2%

As it is mentioned above that due to mesh type and the time to run the cantilever

beam has contributed to the difference of values of both calculations, this will be avoided for

the future analysis and calculations by applying accurate mesh types with mesh independent

analysis and enough time to run the object.

 Conclusion:

The analysis of the cantilever beam was observed closely, and it was very close to the

analytical result which indicates that our analysis using the Ansys software was

correct. There was a lot of advantages which have been obtained and understood by

using and practicing Ansys software such as manipulating number of meshes

according to your design and structure for almost accurate results. It was a great

practice of using Ansys software and I was able to obtain the result needed and

comparing these results with analytical results to make sure the steps are correct.

 References:

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/cantilever-beams-d_1848.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOWKZr-d4pk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO4PHUS9IH4