Rajvin Samuel Ponraj

Embryogenesis :

Organisation and development of the

primary layers of the developing embryo

After fertilization - sequential formation

of three cell masses
 Organogenesis:

process in which segregatory cells become

rudimentary organs
 Derivatives of embryonic tissues

 Neural Crest
 Neural crest
 Corneal keratocytes,
 Cornea endothelium
 Trabecular meshwork,
 Stroma of the iris and choroid,
 Ciliary muscle,
 Fibroblasts of the sclera, the vitreous, and the optic
nerve meninges.,
 Extraocular muscles,
 Subepidermal layers of the eyelids.
 Surface ectoderm
 lens
 the lacrimal gland
 the epithelium of the cornea
 conjunctiva
 epidermis of the eyelids
 Neuro ectoderm

 optic vesicle and optic cup

 Retinal pigment epithelium

 Ciliary epithelium
 Iris muscles
 optic nerve fibers and glia.
Mesoderm
 Vitreous
 Extra ocular & lid muscles
 Orbital and ocular vascular endothelium
 3 to 4 week stage of embryo
2 nd month stage of embryo
 j

3 rd month stage of embryo

4 th month stage of embryo
5 th month to birth
At birth :
 Anterior – posterior diameter : 16.5 mm
 Anterior chamber – shallow
 Lens - spherical
 Cornea diameter = 10 mm
 Orbit is divergent to 50 degrees
 Myelination occurs till lamina cribrosa
 Retina except macula is fully differentiated
and formed
Post natal period :
 Fixation completed by 6 months
 Macula formed by 6 months
 Steropsis and accomadation by 6 months
 Cornea reaches adult size by 2 years
 Lens develops throughout life
RETINA
 It develops from the optic cup.

 The outer layer of the optic cup is the pigment layer.

 The neural layer is formed from the inner layer of the

optic cup.
MACULA

 It develops as a result of localized increase of

superimposed nuclei in the ganglion cell layer,
lateral to the optic disc.
Optic nerve
Develops from glial cells of neuro
ectodermal cells and axons fron ganglion
cells with meningeal coverings forming the
optic nerve sheets
 Lens
 The posterior wall begin to elongate anteriorly
and form long fibers that gradually fill the lumen
of the vesicle.

 The secondary lens fibres start from equator

region elongate towards anteriorly and soon
detach to form the next lens fibre layer
 Migration of neural crest cells

 1 st wave – corneal and trabecular

endothelium

• 2 nd wave - corneal stroma

• 3 rd wave - Iris stroma

 Vitreous
 Primary vitreous

 Secondary vitreous

 Tertiary vitreous
 SCLERA :
This tough outer fibrous coat is formed
from the condensation of the mesenchyme around
the optic cup

CHOROID:
This inner vascular layer is formed from
the mesenchyme surrounding the optic vesicle.
 Ciliary glands and eyelashes develop as
outgrowths of epithelial buds

 Eyelid develop from surface ectoderm

 Lacrimal glands develop as ectodermal buds

superolaterally into mesenchyme
 Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct develop
from ectoderm - nasolacrimal furrow which gets
burried into a cord
 Summary of various part of the eye ball.
Part Derived from
Lens Surface ectoderm
Retina Neuroectoderm (optic cup)
Vitreous Mesoderm
Choroid Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?)
Ciliary body Mesoderm
Ciliary muscles Mesenchymal cells covering the developing ciliary body
(neural crest)
Iris Mesoderm
Muscles of the iris Neuroectoderm (from optic cup)
Sclera Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?)
Cornea Surface epithelium by ectoderm, substantia propria and
inner epithelium by neural crest
Conjunctiva Surface ectoderm
Blood vessels mesoderm
Optic nerve Neuroectoderm. Its covering (pia, arachnoid and dura) are
derived from mesoderm
 THANK YOU