DEVELOPMENT OF EYE

OPTIC CUP AND LENS VESICLES

 The developing eye appears in the 22-day embryo as a pair of shallow grooves on the sides of
forebrain
 Closure of neural tube grooves form outpocketings of forebrain OPTIC VESICLE
 The optic vesicle comes in contact with surface ectoderm Induces changes in ectoderm for lens
formation
 Optic vesicles begin to invaginate and forms the double walled optic cup
 Inner and outer layers separated by cup INTRARETINAL SPACE
 Soon, it disappears to allow the 2 layers to appose each other.
 Invagination towards inferior surface Formation of CHOROID FISSURE
 The hyaloid artery develops in the choroid fissure
 During the 7th week, lips of choroid fissure fuses and mouth of optic cup becomes round opening
Future PUPIL
 During these events, cells of ectoderm, in contact with optic vesicle, begin to elongate LENS
PLACCODE
 Placcode invaginates develop into lens vesicle
 th
5 week lens vesicle loses contact with surface ectoderm and lies in the mouth of optic cup

LENS

 Shortly after formation of lens vesicle cells of posterior wall begins to elongate anteriorly and
form long fibres gradually fills the lumen (posterior wall become columnar and lose nuclei)
 By the end of 7th week These primary lens fibers reach the anterior wall of lens vesicle
 The anterior wall remain cuboidal and remains as anterior epithelium of lens
 New(secondary)lens fibers are continuously added to its central core
 The cells at equatorial region form these 2 nd lens fibers and increase diameter of lens
RETINA

 Outer layer of optic cup forms the pigmented layer of retina

 Inner layer of optic cup forms the neural layer
 The posterior 4/5th (pars optica retinae) layer contain cells bordering the intraretinal space, that
differentiates into RODS and CONES
 Adjacent to this photoreceptive layer is the mantle layer that gives rise to neurons and supporting
cells
 The mantle layer also gives rise to outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer
 On the surface is a fibrous layer that contains axons of nerve cells of the deeper layers. Nerve fibers
in this zone converge toward the optic stalk, which develops into the optic nerve

IRIS

 Develops from rim of optic cup

 It grows inward and partially covers lens
 It is continuous posteriorly with the double layered epithelium of ciliary body
 Neuroectodermal cells of the optic cup give rise to muscles of the iris

CILIARY BODY

 It is formed by the mesoderm around the anterior part of the optic cup
 The ciliary muscle and connective tissue derived from mesoderm
 The pigment epithelium lining inner aspect of the ciliary body(including the ciliary processes)
derived from the outer layer of the optic cup
 Non pigmented epithelial layer of the ciliary body is derived from the inner layer of the optic cup
CORNEA

 The development of cornea is induced by the lens vesicle. The cornea is derived from following
sources:
1. Outer stratified squamous epithelium is derived from the surface ectoderm.
2. Lamina propria of the cornea is derived from the mesoderm. It is continuous with sclera.
3. Inner corneal epithelium is derived from the neural crest cells.

SCLERA AND CHOROID

 The mesoderm around the optic cup differentiates into two layers
 an inner vascular layer that forms choroid(ant ciliary bodies on each side and post Pia
mater)
 an outer fibrous layer that forms sclera(ant substantia propria and post dura mater)

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CHAMBER

 Develop from mesoderm

 Between developing iris and cornea splits to form a space called the anterior chamber
 Between the developing iris and lens splits to form a space called the posterior chamber
 Pupillary membrane disappears, communication between the anterior and posterior chambers

VITREOUS HUMOUR

 Derived partly from ectoderm and partly from mesoderm

 Ectodermal component derived from optic cup
 Mesodermal component comes into optic cup through choroidal fissure
EYELIDS

 Reduplication of surface ectoderm above and below the cornea

 Ectodermal folds contain mesoderm muscle and tarsal plates
 Folds enlarge until they fuse
 The lids are cut off thee conjunctival sac
 Lids remain united until the 7th month of IUL
 Eyelashes and glands in eyelids develop from surface ectoderm

LACRIMAL APPARATUS

 Develops from 15 to 20 buds that grow from the superolateral angle of the conjunctival sac.
 Buds elongate and get canalized to form the ducts
 Secretary acini develop at the ends of these ducts
 open in the conjunctival sac

LACRIMAL SAC AND NASOLACRIMAL DUCT

 From the ectoderm of nasolacrimal/ naso-optic groove

 It forms a solid core which gets canalized
 Upper part LACRIMAL SAC
 Lower part NASOLACRIMAL DUCT